Catalase In Rats Research Articles

Methionine attenuates the intensity of rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating NF-κB and iNOS expression in neonatal rats.

The present study investigated the anti-arthritic effects of methionine in neonatal rats. Rats were divided into four groups, with six rats in each group. The rats were administered methionine (150- or 300-mg/kg body weight) orally for 45 consecutive days. The expression levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase-3, uric acid, nitric oxide (NO), ceruloplasmin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were determined in rheumatoid arthritis-induced neonatal rats. The levels of SOD, catalase, Gpx, and GSH were substantially reduced in control rats, while the levels of other parameters were increased in control neonatal rats. However, methionine supplementation significantly increased (more than 40%) the levels of SOD, catalase, Gpx, and GSH in neonatal rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation, uric acid, ceruloplasmin, NO, and PGE2 were significantly reduced following methionine supplementation. Furthermore, NF-κB mRNA expression was substantially reduced up to 51.7% in the 300-mg/kg methionine group, whereas the mRNA expression of iNOS was reduced up to 43.5% in the 300-mg/kg methionine group. NF-κB protein expression was substantially reduced up to 45.8% in the 300-mg/kg methionine group, whereas the protein expression of iNOS was reduced up to 45.4% in the 300-mg/kg methionine group. Taken together, these data suggest that methionine supplementation was effective against rheumatoid arthritis.

Vitamin D Supplementation Reverses DNA Damage and Telomeres Shortening Caused by Ovariectomy in Hippocampus of Wistar Rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ovariectomy (OVX), a surgical model of menopause, and/or vitamin D (VIT D) supplementation on oxidative status, DNA damage, and telomere length in hippocampus of rats at two ages. Ninety-day-old (adult) or 180-day-old (older) female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: SHAM, OVX, VIT D, and OVX + VIT D. Thirty days after OVX, rats were supplemented with VIT D (500IU/kg) by gavage, for a period of 30days. Results showed that OVX altered antioxidant enzymes, increasing the activities of catalase in adult rats and superoxide dismutase in older rats. VIT D per se increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in older rats, but not in adult rats. VIT D supplementation to OVX (OVX + VIT D) rats did not reverse the effect of OVX on catalase in adult rats, but it partially reversed the increase in superoxide dismutase activity in older rats. OVX increased DNA damage in hippocampus of adult and older rats. VIT D per se reduced DNA damage, and when associated to OVX, it partially reversed this alteration. Additionally, OVX caused a telomere shortening in older rats, and VIT D was able to reverse such effect. Taken together, these results demonstrate that surgical menopause in rats causes hippocampal biochemical changes and VIT D appears, at least in part, to act in a beneficial way.

Research of the cadmium intoxication effect on the model of vitamin-mineral deficiency in rats

The article presents the results of the study aimed at confirmation of the effectiveness of the rats' adaptive potential reduction under conditions of cadmium salt toxic effects. The 65-days experiment was conducted in male and female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 3 control and 3 experimental, 30 males and females in each. In total 360 rats were used in the experiment (180 females and 180 males). Rats of the 1st control group received a diet with optimal (75% of the standard semisyntethic diet content) dosage of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and mineral substances, Fe3+ and Mg2+, the rats of the 2nd and the 3rd control group - diets with marginal (30% for males and 28% for females) and submarginal (19% for males and 18% for females) doses of essential micronutrients. Animals of the 1-3th experimental groups received Cd2+ on the background of optimal, marginal and submarginal providing of essential micronutrients. The hematological, biochemical and morphological parameters and the antioxidant status of rats have been studied. The obtained results allowed to identify patterns of cadmium toxic effect strengthen on the background of essential nutrients reducing (in the row from optimal to submarginal). These changes showed erythrocyte and platelet blood profiles, and a set of indicators of the antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation of blood and liver. Thus, the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes - glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in rats of the 1st experimental group were on average by 23% higher than in animals of the 1st control group, the rats of the 2nd and the 3rd experimental groups by 62 and 67% higher, respectively. The content of lipid peroxidation products in blood and liver of male and female rats showed a similar trend: an increase by 5% in the 1st experimental group by 9 and 25% in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups respectively. Thus, the modification of the diets' vitamin-mineral composition may be used as a model of adaptive potential reduction in rats in the toxicological research of objects with unknown toxicity, in particular novel food products.

A protective role of Gαq-RGS2 loop activator on streptozotocin induced diabetic complications in rats: An independent on elevated serum glucose level modulation

An overactivation of Gαq dependent signaling pathway is crucial for development of metabolic and vascular abnormalities in diabetes. Therefore, our objective was to study effects of Gαq-RGS2 loop activator (1-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5(4H)-one) on STZ induced diabetic complications in rats. Animals were divided into four groups; normal rats, diabetic rats (Streptozotocin, STZ, 60mg/kg, i.p.), Gαq-RGS2 loop activator (1mg/kg/d, i.p., 15 d, at 6 wk after citrate buffer or STZ administration, respectively) treated normal rats and diabetic rats. At the end of 8 wk, the metabolic parameters, hemodynamic parameters, in-vivo vascular reactivity and aortic anti-oxidant status were evaluated. A treatment of Gαq-RGS2 loop activator significantly decreased serum cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglyceride (P < 0.01), systolic/diastolic/mean arterial blood pressure (P < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.001), cardiac selective creatinine kinase (P < 0.001), urea (P < 0.05), creatinine (P < 0.001), aortic superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and catalase(P < 0.05) in diabetic rats whereas increased basal (P < 0.05) and stimulated (acetylcholine (P < 0.01) and nitroglycerine (P < 0.05)) serum nitric oxide level without affecting elevated serum glucose level. The nitroglycerin stimulated NO production was significantly (P < 0.01) increased by Gαq-RGS2 loop activator administration in normal rats, too. Collectively, Gαq-RGS2 loop activator protects rats against streptozotocin induce hemodynamic and metabolic modulation without affecting elevated serum glucose level.

Laser Acupuncture at GV20 Improves Brain Damage and Oxidative Stress in Animal Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke

The burden of stroke is high and is continually increasing due to a dramatic growth in the world's elderly population. Novel therapeutic strategies are therefore required. The present study sought to determine the effect of laser acupuncture at GV20 on brain damage, oxidative-status markers in the cerebral cortex, and superoxide dismutase in the mitochondria of an animal model of focal ischemic stroke. Wistar rats, weighing 300–350 g, were divided into the following four groups: (1) control; (2) permanent occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (Rt.MCAO) alone; (3) Rt.MCAO plus sham laser acupuncture; and (4) Rt.MCAO plus laser-acupuncture groups. Sham laser acupuncture or laser acupuncture was performed once daily at the GV20 (Baihui) acupoint for 14 days following Rt.MCAO. Half of the rats in each group were examined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to determine the brain infarct volume, while the other half were examined by biochemical assays to determine the malondialdehyde level, and the glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide-dismutase activities in the brain-cortex mitochondria. The results showed that laser acupuncture at GV20 significantly decreased the brain infarct volume and malondialdehyde level, and increased the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide-dismutase activities in cerebral ischemic rats. In conclusion, laser acupuncture at GV20 decreases the brain infarct volume in cerebral ischemic rats, at least in part due to decreased oxidative stress. Further study is warranted to investigate other possible underlying mechanisms.

Galantamine administration reduces reactive astrogliosis and upregulates the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia ischemia

Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) plays a role in the etiology of several neurological pathologies and causes severe sequelae. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and cholinesterase inhibitors have demonstrated a positive action over HI induced deficits. In order to evaluate the effects of pre and post-hypoxia administrations of galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, in a model of perinatal HI, Wistar rats in the post-natal day 7 (PND7) were subjected to a combination of unilateral occlusion of the right carotid artery with the exposure to a 1h hypoxia. Intraperitoneal injections of galantamine were administered in two different protocols: one pre and other post-hypoxia. The analysis of brain structures volume at PND45 showed that pre-hypoxia galantamine treatment prevented tissue injury to the ipsilesional hippocampus. Also, immunofluorescence showed HI-induced increase in the number of astrocytes that was prevented by pre-hypoxia treatment. Biochemical analysis was performed in the ipsilesional hippocampus at PND8 and revealed that pre-hypoxia galantamine treatment: 1) prevented the neuronal loss induced by HI; 2) reduced the HI-induced hypertrophy of astrocytes; and 3) caused an increase in the activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase. Overall, treatment with galantamine was able to prevent the brain damage, increase the survival of neurons, reduce astrocytic reaction and increase the activity of the anti-oxidant enzyme catalase in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia ischemia.

Naringin attenuates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in vivo and in vitro.

Objective(s):Naringin, an essential flavonoid, inhibits inflammatory response and oxidative stress in diabetes. However, whether naringin has beneficial effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unknown.Materials and Methods:Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into male rats (8 weeks old weighting 200-250 g) to establish diabetic model, then naringin (20, 40 or 80 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected into the diabetic rats for twelve weeks. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level, thickness of ganglion cell layer (GCL) and ganglion cell counts were assessed in diabetic retina in vivo. Naringin (50 μM) that significantly inhibited high glucose (HG, 25 mM)-induced cell proliferation was used to treat rat Muller cell line (rMC1) in vitro. Inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were evaluated in retina in vivo and in rMC1 cells in vitro.Results:Naringin alleviated DR symptoms as evidenced by the increased retinal ganglion cells and decreased GFAP level in rat retina. Naringin exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects as confirmed by the down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the up-regulated antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in DR rats. Moreover, we found that naringin inhibited HG-induced proliferation, abnormal inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rMC1 cells. In addition, the enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in diabetic rat retina and HG-induced rMC1 cells was suppressed by naringin.Conclusion:Naringin attenuates inflammatory response, oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in experimental models of DR.

Evaluation of silybum marinaum efficacy on University of Wisconsin and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solutions latter the damage of the perfused liver.

To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effeicacies of Silybum marianum's (silymarin, S) on University of Wisconsin (UW) and histidinetryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) preservation solutions. Thirty two Wistar albino adult male rats were used. Group 1: UW group, Group 2: UW + Silymarin group(S), Group 3: HTK group, Group 4: HTK + silymarin group (S), respectively. Silymarin was enforced intraperitoneally before the surgery. Biopsies were enforced in 0, 6 and 12.hours to investigate. Biochemical parameters examined in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), furthermore superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats were also evaluated. Detected histopathological changings were substantially declining in the groups that received silymarin, cellular damage was decreased significantly in HTK + Silymarin group, according to other groups. It has been identified as the most effective group was HTK + silymarin group in evaluation of ALT, electron microscopic results, also decreased MDA and elevated in SOD, and CAT activity. Caspase 3 analysis showed a substantial lower apoptosis ratio in the silymarin groups than in the non-performed groups (p<0.05). Histidinetryptophan-ketoglutarate+silymarin group provides better hepatoprotection than other groups, by decreasing the hepatic pathologic damage, delayed changes that arise under cold ischemic terms.

Effets prophylactiques de l’huile essentielle de Syzygium aromaticum chez les rats wistar en développement coexposés au plomb et au manganèse

The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to evaluate the changes in the oxidative state at the brain level induced by co-exposure to lead (0.2%) and manganese (4.79 g/l) in young wistar rats during the gestation and lactation period, and on the other hand, to test the effectiveness of clove essential oil Syzygium aromaticum (HEC) in relieving the harmful effects of these two metals studied by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml HEC/kg/day over a period of 21 days. The characterization of this essential oil by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry indicates that the major components are: eugenol (80.83%), acetate eugenyl (10.48%), and β-caryophyllene (7.21%). Chronic co-exposure led to disturbance in antioxidant enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) in intoxicated rats compared to control rats. Indeed, the histological study of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum showed very marked lesions translated by degeneration of the nerve cells and activation of the microglia. Moreover, HEC administration restored the activity of the various antioxidant enzymes with a marked improvement in brain tissue architecture in intoxicated rats treated with HEC.

Oxidative stress and some biochemical alterations due to scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) crude venom in rats.

Scorpion envenomation is a common medical problem in many countries; it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus (LQ) is responsible for a number of deaths in children and adults. It has been stated that specific pathophysiological conditions such as generation of oxygen free radicals may trigger the onset of multiple organ dysfunction; therefore, the present study aimed to assess the oxidative stress mediated by LQ crude venom and its effect on the biochemical parameters in rats. Adult male Albino rats (250±30g body weight) were divided into three groups (n=5). In control group, rats were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 50μL saline solution. Groups 2 and 3 were ip injected with 0.1mg/kg and 0.2mg/kg body weight of crude venom, respectively. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested 1, 2 and 4h post-injection. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid and malondialdehyde increased significantly in envenomed animals within 1, 2 and 4h post-injection, compared to controls. However, the levels of total serum protein, albumin, globulin and triglycerides as well as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase in envenomed rats were significantly decreased compared to controls. We can conclude that LQ crude venom induces oxidative stress via reduction of antioxidant systems and alters some biochemical parameters of envenomed rats.

The effects of ethanolic herbal extracts and CuO nanoparticles on catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in male diabetic rats

AbstractAntioxidants can reduce the occurrence of long-term damages, caused by free radicals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of CuO nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic extracts of

English

The present study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of melatonin on chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin induced brain biochemical changes involving malonadialdehyde (MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidise and acetyl cholinesterase in male Wistar rats. The fifty adult male Wistar rats used for this study were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each. Group I was administered distilled water, group II was given soya oil (2 ml/kg), group III was given melatonin (0.5 mg/kg), group IV was given chlorpyrifos (7.94 mg/kg - 1/10th LD50) and cypermethrin (29.6 mg/kg - 1/10th LD50), and group V was pretreated with&nbsp; melatonin (0.5 mg/kg) and then 30 min later, &nbsp;chlorpyrifos (7.94 mg/kg-1/10th LD50) and cypermethrin (29.6 mg/kg - 1/10th LD50). The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 12 weeks. Increased MDA concentrations, decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidise, and acetylcholinesterase activities were recorded in the group IV, however, these changes were ameliorated by melatonin. Therefore, it was concluded that melatonin mitigated chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin induced brain biochemical changes due to its antioxidant properties. &nbsp; Key words: Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, melatonin, biochemical changes, oxidative stress.

Taurine abated subacute dichlorvos toxicity

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of taurine in rats exposed to subacute dichlorvos toxicity. Fifty rats were weighed and assigned into five groups of ten rats each. The groups received: distilled water, soya oil (1ml/kg), taurine (50mg/kg), dichlorvos (10mg/kg) and the combination treatment group received taurine first and then dichlorvos 30min later. The treatments were administered once daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. The rats were euthanized and blood samples were collected after the termination of the study. Serum samples were analysed for malondialdehyde concentration and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase). Dichlorvos increased malondialdehyde concentration and reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. There was attenuation of malondialdehyde concentration and improvement of activities of superoxide dismutase (P=0.0273) and catalase (P<0.0001) in rats treated with taurine. It is postulated that taurine ameliorated dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress through the reduction of malondialdehyde concentration and the enhancement of activities of antioxidant enzymes.

METHODS OF METABOLIC CORRECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY

In this paper presents an experimental study of the effect of biologically active supplementation with antioxidant complex composition, sodium dichloroacetate and water with reduced deuterium content in the development and course of an allergic reaction in ovalbumin immunized rats. The development of experimental immediate hypersensitivity accompanied by increase of total IgE production to 5,8 times, and the imbalance of the cytokine, with a predominance of Th2-cytokine and decreased activity of Th1-lymphocytes. The studied biologically active supplement has proved its antioxidant properties, when using it was observed activation of catalase and glutathionereductase in ovalbumin-immunized rats but positive effect on cytokine and immunoglobulin status is not provided. Rats injections of sodium dichloroacetate and water with reduced deuterium content have an immunomodulatory effects that canceled imbalance of IL4/IFNγ relation with the normalization of IgE production. This is significant for possibility of correction of immunological disturbances in atopy by targeted displacement Th1 / Th2 balance using immunomodulator pathogenesis action.

Ameliorative effects of vitamins C and E on tenofovir/nevirapine-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress in albino rats

Background and Objectives : Oxidative stress has been implicated in xenobiotic-induced hepatorenal toxicity. This research was designed to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E on the baseline and tenofovir/nevirapine-induced liver and kidney levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in male albino rats. Materials and Methods : Forty five male albino rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into groups A – I of 5 rats each. Group A (placebo control) and group B (solvent control) were orally treated with water and arachis oil respectively. Groups C – F were orally treated with vitamins C, E, vitamins C and E, and tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Groups G– I were pretreated with vitamins C, E and vitamins C and E prior to treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine respectively. Rats were sacrificed after treatment for 30 days; liver and kidneys were collected and evaluated for the above parameters. Results : Significant ( p <0.05) increases in the baseline levels of liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT with decreases in MDA levels were obtained in vitamins C and E treated rats when compared to control. On the contrary, treatment with tenofovir/nevirapine significantly ( p <0.05) decreased liver and kidney SOD, GSH, and CAT levels with increases in MDA levels when compared to control. However, all tenofovir/nevirapine -induced alterations were abrogated in rats pretreated vitamins C and E. Abrogation was most pronounced in rats pretreated with combined doses of vitamins C and E. Conclusion : Observations in the present study could be attributed to the inhibitory effects of vitamins C and E on the oxidative activity of tenofovir/nevirapine in the liver and kidney of treated rats.

Gaharu Leaf Extract Water Reduce MDA and 8-OHdG Levels and Increase Activities SOD and Catalase in Wistar Rats Provided Maximum Physical Activity

Background: Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance of the number of free radicals by the number of endogenous antioxidant produced by the body i.e. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Gluthathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Catalase. The imbalance between the number of free radicals and antioxida nts can be overcome with the end ogenous antioxidant intake that exogenous oxidative stress can be reduced. O ne of exogenous antioxidants is natural Gaharu leaf water extract. Objective: This research focus on the effect of Gaharu leaf water extract in reducing MDA and 8- OHdG and increase the activity of SOD and Catalase. Methods: This study was an experimental with post only controls group design. Experiment was divided into 5 groups of w istar rats, each consisting of 5 animals, i.e. negative control group without extract [K (-)], treatment 1 treated 50 mg/ kg BW/day of the extract (T1), treatment 2 treated 10 0 mg/ kg BW/day of the extract (T2), treatment 3 treated 200 mg/ kg BW/day of the extract (T3), and positive control group [K (+)] treated with vitamin Cat a dose 50 mg/ kg BW/day. All groups treated for 10 weeks. Every day, before treatment, each group was given a maximum swimming activity for 1.5 hours for 10 weeks. ELISA was used to measure MDA, 8-OHdG, SOD , and C atalase activities . Result: The research results showed that treatment of extract of leaves of Gaharu with an higher dose from 50 mg/kg BW up to 200 mg/ kg BW significantly decline (p <0.05) levels of MDA with the average ranging from 6.37±0.23, 5,56±0.27 and 4.32±0.27, 8-OHdG with a mean of 1.64±0.11, 1.26±0.46 , and 1.09±0.17. On the other hand the treatment also increase SOD activity with less ranging from 12.15±1.04, 15.70±2.02 , and 18.84±1.51, and Catalase ranging from 6,68±0.63, 8.20±1.14 and 9.29±0,79 in the blood of Wistar rats were given a maximum activity compared to the negative control group. This is probably higher phenol compounds (bioflavonoids) quantity content of the extract. These compounds synergistically affect their activity through capture and neutralize the free radicals that oxidized the lipid to less that automatically MDA production as the end result of oxidation lipid levels down, 8-OHdG down, the activity of SOD and Catalase ride. C onclusion: Gaharu leaf water extract reduced oxidative stress of Wistar rats through reduction of MDA and 8-O h dG mechanism. On the other hand, the extract increases SOD and Catalase activity.

Evidence of oxidative damage and reproductive dysfunction accompanying 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide exposure in female Wistar rats

4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) is an occupational chemical widely reported to deplete ovarian follicles in rodents. Here, we investigated VCD-induced reproductive dysfunction in female Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with VCD (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) for twenty-eight days. Thereafter, we evaluated selected biomarkers of oxidative damage, inflammation, endocrine disruption, and apoptosis. We observed that VCD increased ovarian and uterine malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in rats (p<0.05). Also, VCD induced hormonal imbalance, increased ovarian superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and depleted uterine SOD activity and ovarian glutathione (GSH) level in rats (p<0.05). Lastly, VCD markedly increase immunohistochemical expressions of ovarian cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Caspase-9 and Caspase-3. Overall, VCD induced reproductive dysfunctions in rats via ovarian and uterine oxidative damage, hormonal imbalance, as well as inflammation and apoptosis in the ovary of rats.

Garlic activates SIRT-3 to prevent cardiac oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes

BackgroundCardiac complications are major contributor in the mortality of diabetic people. Mitochondrial dysfunctioning is a crucial contributor for the cardiac complications in diabetes, and SIRT-3 remains the major mitochondrial deacetylase. We hypothesized whether garlic has any role on SIRT-3 to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic heart. MethodsRats with developed hyperglycemia after STZ injection were divided into two groups; diabetic (Dia) and diabetic+garlic (Dia+Garl). Garlic was administered at a dose of 250mg/kg/day, orally for four weeks. An additional group was maintained to evaluate the effect of raw garlic administration on control rat heart. ResultWe have observed altered functioning of cardiac mitochondrial enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, and increased levels of cardiac ROS with decreased activity of catalase and SOD in diabetic rats. Cardiac mRNA expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, and CO1 was also altered in diabetes. In addition, reduced levels of electron transport chain complexes that observed in Dia group were normalized with garlic administration. This indicates the presence of increased oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunctioning in diabetic heart. We have observed reduced activity of SIRT3 and increased acetylation of MnSOD. Silencing SIRT-3 in cells also revealed the same. However, administration of garlic improved the SIRT-3 and MnSOD activity, by deacetylating MnSOD. Increased SOD activity was correlated with reduced levels of ROS in garlic-administered rat hearts. ConclusionCollectively, our results provide an insight into garlic's protection to T1DM heart through activation of SIRT3-MnSOD pathway.

Protective Effects of Liquiritin on the Brain of Rats with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sort of nerve degenerative disease with clinical manifestation of memory damage and cognitive dysfunction. Its typical pathological change is the abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ). In this study, a rat AD model with liquiritin (LQ) interference was established to observe the effects of LQ on the AD rats' behavioural memory and primary hippocampus cells. Liquiritin had the effect of improving the rats' learning and memory ability, enhancing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rats' brain tissues, increasing the antioxidant ability, protecting the primary cultured hippocampal neurons and inhibiting the apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35. The protective effects of LQ can be related to the enhancement of antioxidase activity and clearance of oxygen radicals.

The Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Berberis Vulgaris, Descurainia Sophia and Silybum Marianum on Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Malondialdehyde Concentration in Male Diabetic Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antioxidants can reduce the occurrence of long-term damages, caused by free radicals. Considering the importance of enhanced oxidative stress in the occurrence of nanoparticle-induced damages and effects of plant extracts on reducing oxidative stress, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic extracts of Berberis vulgaris, Descurainia sophia, and silymarin on catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde concentrations in male diabetic rats. METHODS: In this experimental study, 50 Wistar rats (250-350 g) were divided in ten groups (five rats per group): healthy controls, healthy rats receiving nanoparticles, healthy rats receiving Berberis vulgaris, Descurainia sophia, and silymarin extracts (independently), diabetic controls, diabetic rats receiving copper nanoparticles, and diabetic rats receiving the extracts independently. In diabetic groups, diabetes was induced in half of the rats, using alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg. In addition to copper oxide nanoparticles, the control and diabetic groups independently received 0.5 cc of Berberis vulgaris, Descurainia sophia, and Silybum marianum extracts via intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. Then, the animals were anesthetized with ketamine and the liver tissues were removed. The concentrations of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde were measured and compared. FINDINGS: In diabetic groups treated with copper nanoparticles, a significant increase was reported in the concentration of malondialdehyde (from 4.7±0.447 to 5.05±0.405). Moreover, a significant decline was observed in the activity of catalase enzymes (from 36.8±1.48 to 36.2±1.4832) and glutathione peroxidase (from 75.4±3.9115 to 72.4±4.3362). Based on the findings, Silybum marianum was more effective than Berberis vulgaris and Descurainia sophia in diminishing the effects of cooper nanoparticles. CONCLUSION: The present results showed that the studied herbal extracts could be used for moderating the effects