Casual Workers Research Articles

Legal Protection of Occupational Health and Safety (K3) Daily Labor from Rice Milling Factory in Indramayu

The relationship between workers and employers involves personal rights and obligations in social life. To ensure the safety of casual daily workers during their work and to achieve optimal work productivity, rice mill entrepreneurs are obligated to comply with the laws and regulations and take measures to prevent work accidents. The purpose of this research is twofold: 1. To identify the legal protection for the occupational safety and health of casual daily workers in rice mills. 2. To determine the legal responsibilities of rice mill entrepreneurs in implementing occupational safety and health measures. The research method used in this study is a juridical-normative research method with a descriptive approach. Legal protection for Occupational Health and Safety is governed by various legislation, including Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational Safety, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, which provides legal protection for workers’ rights, wages, and welfare. Additionally, there are Government Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, Ministerial Decrees, and Instructions related to Occupational Safety and Health (K3), as well as Circulars and Decrees issued by the Director General of Industrial Relations and Labor Inspection.
 Keywords: legal protection, occupational health and safety, workers

Analisis Risisko Musculoskeletal Disorders Pekerja Harian Lepas dengan Metode Rapid Entire Body Assesment (REBA) di PT Arum Berlian Utama Jember

Complaints or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a phenomenon that is often experienced by workers who handle materials manually. PT Arum Berlian Utama is a company operating in the construction sector. It cannot be denied that companies operating in the construction sector definitely carry out work that handles materials manually, such as the construction of houses by PT Arum Berlian Utama at Walisongo Residence. This study aims to determine the level of potential risk of musculoskeletal disorders in casual daily workers using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Work process observations and interviews were carried out in March 2023 using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Nordic Body Map (NBM). Most workers experience complaints in the left shoulder, right shoulder, right wrist, right upper arm, right thigh, left thigh, lower back. The research results showed that 4 (four) casual daily workers had a high risk of MSDs and 6 (six) casual daily workers had a very high risk of MSDs. Proposed improvements can be made by improving work posture by avoiding postures that are too bent and folding body parts for too long as well as stretching between work hours and regular exercise to prevent and reduce the risk of dangerous ergonomic factors.

Socio-economic Profile of Labour and Owners of Enterprises: A Case Study from Rural Non-farm Sector of Punjab

In the non-farm sector people are employed in two ways, either they work as laborers in rural enterprises or they have their own rural enterprises. Around 8.6% people are illiterate, 27% have completed primary education, 33.3% have completed Matriculation examination(10th), 17.9% have completed secondary education(S Sec) , 12.1% are graduates and 1.2% are above graduates. Majority of schedule caste workers are engaged in activities like Aaganwadi and Asha worker, Auto-mobile repair, Brick Kiln worker, casual worker, domestic worker, factory labour and religious work. On the other hand, general category workers are engaged in activities like Govt. Job Regular, Medicine, and shop labour. On the other hand either OBC workers are engaged in traditional activities like carpenter and workshop labour or as drivers and in shops As per our analysis, less than 2% people have dependency ratio of 1 person, 49.1% respondents have dependency ratio of between 1 to 3 persons, and 42.6%respondents have dependency ratio of 3 to 5 persons and 7% people have dependency ratio of above 5 persons.

The effects of the Indonesian conditional cash transfer program on transition out of agriculture

This study evaluates the effect of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) on the structural transformation process in a developing economy. It uses randomized control trial (RCT) data from Indonesia’s Conditional Cash Transfer program, the Family Hope Program (PKH), to examine whether the PKH program has a significant impact on whether or not agricultural households have moved to other sectors after six years of implementation of the program. The estimates reveal modest impacts of the PKH program on diversification of livelihoods outside agriculture. The treatment group has a 28 percent higher participation in nonfarm wage employment and a 23 percent higher rate of employment in a nonfarm enterprise (NFE) compared to the control group. The heterogeneous impact analysis reveals that distance from a market is a major factor in determining the type of non-agricultural employment. Individuals in households with only a small amount of land who reside near a market are more likely to be casual workers, while individuals in households with only a small amount of land who reside far from a market are more likely to have an NFE. Interestingly, participation in a CCT program has larger effects on households residing in nonindustrial areas than in industrial areas, in terms of both nonfarm wage employment and employment in a nonfarm enterprise.

Economic Empowerment of Women Through MGNREGA

In the area of economic empowerment, there is no doubt that MGNREGA has made dramatic changes in the economic status of women in the village. It has provided employment to women in more than half the households in the village at a wage rate that is much higher than the prevailing wage rate in the local economy. About 64 percent of MGNREGA workers were full time housewives before MGNREGA came into force, and the remaining women were employed in scattered casual work in agriculture (mainly weeding, transplanting and harvesting paddy) and in other manual work. MGNREGA has taken village women to a much higher level in terms of employment and wages. In this article I have study the Economic Empowerment of women through MGNREGA in Uttarakhand State of India.

Community Role in Ecotourism Development to Improve Local Economy

Situ Cisanti is one of the hundreds of ecotourism objects in Indonesia. The local Government's ecotourism development continues to intensify by involving the surrounding community in Tarumajaya Village. This study focuses on the role of the community around Situ Cisanti in the development of ecotourism to improve the local economy. Using qualitative methods and interviewing some participants, the results of this study found that the community around Situ Cisanti has actively participated in ecotourism development activities. This is evidenced by the high level of community enthusiasm when participating in community role optimization activities organized by the Government and local managers. In addition, in terms of the economic aspect, the community around Situ Cisanti shows an increase. This is demonstrated by the concrete actions of the community who have become economic actors around the Situ Cisanti ecotourism object. The community takes advantage of the existence of tourism in the form of stalls, culinary, coffee, souvenirs and homestays owned by local communities. The most use of ecotourism is in the form of recruitment of casual daily employees, construction workers, shop businesses, coffee businesses, culinary businesses, souvenir businesses, parking businesses and motorcycle taxis. This research contributes mainly to researchers and policy makers about the integration of community participation management in the development of ecotourism in various locations in Indonesia.

Impact of COVID-19 Induced Economic Hardships on Women Participation in MGNREGA Works During the Financial Year 2020–2021

Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown has been massive for the Indian economy; it witnessed a contraction in gross domestic product and massive employment loss. India being a poor country and a huge population having insignificant to no social security, a large number of those workers who lost employment were not having option to remain unemployed. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) which is a job-guarantee programme launched a decade earlier and that has been instrumental in providing employment opportunities to rural women casual workers witnessed a huge increase in demand as both men and women flocked to it. For the financial year 2020–2021 the share of women in the person-days worked under MGNREGA fell. The article using data from MGNREGA public data portal and the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy seeks to explain the reasons behind this fall and suggest that MGNREGA needs to be expanded and modified in favour of women casual workers till the recovery on the employment front does not happen. JEL Codes: H53, I38, J08, J16, J23, J30, J48, J71, J78

Gender Wage Gap in Indian labour Market and Role of Government Policies: A Theoretical Perspective with an Empirical Overhaul

"The long-lasting practice of wage gap against female labour forces in the Indian labour market has been dealt with in this paper by the help of building up a general equilibrium framework along with capturing the issue by econometric analysis. It is the women labour force associated with informal sector as casual labour who suffer the most from this problem. The recent statistics even show a falling trend of female labour force participation in these sectors also. Our study traces through the causes behind such wage discrimination and the possible ways of coming out of it. We have found that investment in female human capital development actually helps women to forego present employment opportunities in low-skilled, low-wage sectors, rather encourages the to be more productive and efficient by means of more human capital and enter the labour market in future with no such wage discrimination, in practice. Such trends, observed in India actually glorifies the success of several Government Policies, such as “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao”, implemented for female human capital development. Falling trend of female labour force in informal economy is actually enabling them to enter the formal economy at par with their male counterparts. Our theoretical findings have been supported by our econometric analysis based on the application of Oaxaca-Blinder model and PLFS unit level data of 2021-22. It suggests the higher women are educated as well as skilled, the lower is wage gap they face and more equal is the pay-structure even in the informal economy. Hence, it is the success of government policies directed for development of human capital in women that we have started to observe. The study strongly recommends implementation of many more such women-centric programme that would strengthen the women socially as well as ensure equality for them at the workplaces."

COVID-19, Income Shocks, and Women’s Employment in India

Existing evidence shows that the COVID-19 pandemic led to larger employment losses for working women in India. This article examines the heterogeneity that underlies these trends by studying the impact of income shocks due to the COVID-19 induced national lockdown (April–May 2020) on women’s employment. Using individual-level panel data and a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits the imposition of the lockdown and accounts for seasonal employment trends, the study finds that women in households facing a hundred percent reduction in men’s income during the lockdown were 1.57 pp (27 percent) more likely to take up work after restrictions eased (June–August 2020). These results are predominant in poorer and less educated households. However, these positive employment trends are largely transitory as the effect on women’s employment reduces to 13 percent in these households during September–December 2020. These findings underscore the use of women’s labor as insurance during low-income periods by poorer households. HIGHLIGHTS Women’s labor acts as insurance during periods of men’s income loss. The increase in labor market participation is only observed for married women. Rural women participate in less-secure casual agricultural labor. Urban women access more secure fixed-wage work and self-employment. Increase in women’s labor force participation is mostly transitory.

The intersection of casual work and platform work: Lessons learned from the casual work agenda for the labour protection of platform workers

In recent years, the advent of platform work, i.e. work activities channelled through web platforms or apps, has been at the centre of discussions for being ‘an opportunity-generating machine’, and its darker side, that is the poor quality of working conditions associated with it, has also been discussed. Work patterns inherent in platform work, such as unpredictable work schedules and work insecurity (even for the next minute or hour), the lack of a stable income, and exclusion from even basic protections, have long been detected. They can be traced back in the daily work of dock workers in the late nineteenth century, but also in more contemporary forms of casual work, such as on-call work or zero-hours work. Accordingly, history seems to repeat itself, and even go to extremes with platform work. Against this background, this article focuses on the intersection of casual work and platform work, and explains that as a result of it, platform work can actually fall within the scope of broader regulatory strategies applicable to casual work, hereinafter the casual work agenda. The regulatory challenges deriving from the insecure nature of the work have already been dealt with by national and supranational regulators in the context of casual work. This article evaluates an already-available blueprint - the casual work agenda - in light of reducing the working hours, job (work), income, and employment status insecurity associated with platform work. To this end, it observes that a rich legal landscape exists in the Netherlands for addressing these insecurities. At the EU level, there are also insightful legal tools, prominent examples being the Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions Directive, the Fixed-Term Work Directive, and the Working Time Directive. They provide for important legal safeguards, especially in countering working time and job insecurity. This article also looks at the proposed EU Directive on Platform Work and notes that it overlooks the legal safeguards contained in these instruments. Having regard to this, it calls on EU policymakers to redefine this legal initiative in light of the best regulatory practices offered by the casual work agenda.

Exploring job seeker profiles through latent profile analysis

Primarily using a variable-centered approach, job search research explores the connections between antecedents, processes, and outcomes. A person-centered approach, however, categorizes individuals based on personal and contextual elements. This study used CSM as a theoretical framework to identify job seeker profiles by exploring configurations of job search self-efficacy, conscientiousness, financial need, social pressure, and job search quality and intensity. We examined how these profiles correspond with sociodemographic variables and job search outcomes such as rumination, interviews, and job offers. In a sample of 300 job seekers, four profiles emerged: casual job search contemplator, financially burdened job seeker, financially secure job seeker, and multifaceted job search strategist. The contemplator profile correlated with the fewest interviews, while the financially burdened job seeker had the most. These findings suggest career counselors need to recognize distinctive job seeker patterns requiring tailored counseling approaches, underscoring the potential of the person-centered approach for further job search research.

Women’s Contingent Work and Allocation of Domestic Labor in South Korea

Women’s Contingent Work and Allocation of Domestic Labor in South Korea

What Got You through Lockdown?

What Got You through Lockdown?

Psychodynamics of work: Bibliometric mapping in 53 years of publications indexed in Scopus and agenda for future studies

The study aimed to map the bibliometric profile of publications on Psychodynamics of Work and propose an agenda for future studies. This was a quantitative research, using bibliometric methods proposed by Zupic and Cater (2015). The 195 publications located in Scopus, from 1970 to 2022, were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. For future studies, it is suggested to relate PDT with technology and precarious work, the future of work, diversity management, sustainable work, remote work, as well as Covid-19 and work.As for the subjects, it is suggested to conduct research with other health professionals, with informal workers, self-employed workers, casual workers, dangerous professions, liberal professionals, volunteers, interns, workers in the economy of the sea, teachers and outsourced workers.

Solar Cell Innovation: Energy Source Drive Sewing Machine in D'Kartinis Group Eco-Friendly Sewing House

The economic level of the people of Teluk Kabung Utara, Padang City, West Sumatra Province is still at the middle to lower level. Its location close to the beach makes the majority of people work as fishermen, farmers, and casual laborers. In addition, industrial growth has an impact on increasing electricity consumption. This study aims to describe the Eco-Friendly Sewing House program fostered by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal Teluk Kabung in the economic sector to improve the economic level of the community. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study show that activities and innovations in the Eco-Friendly Sewing House program carried out by the D'kartinis group have an impact on improving the economy of the North Kabung Bay community. On the other hand, this program is a medium in preserving the environment by utilizing renewable energy in the form of solar cells as alternative electric power to drive sewing machines. The goal is to become a sustainable development program that is environmentally friendly and prospers the community. The existence of this program is expected to empower the community to get out of problems and maximize their potential, and the implementation of the program is not only felt by the people of North Teluk Kabung but also outside Padang City.

PERAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA HOME INDUSTRY BATIK

This research was taken from the phenomena that exist in the village of Tanjung Bumi, Bangkalan Regency. Where the village of Tanjung Bumi has the largest number of home industries compared to other villages, there are 49 batik home industries in Tanjung Bumi and it also attracts more workers to work in the home industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of housewives in improving family welfare and employment in the Batik Home industry. The method used in this research is descriptive method, where this method is an overview in the field regarding the role of housewives to improve family welfare and employment in the Batik Home industry by using in-depth interviews. The data used are primary data and secondary data which the researcher then reveals the content or meaning of the predetermined legal rules. The results of this study indicate that before the existence of the batik home industry, most housewives worked only as housewives and waited for their husbands to come work as fishermen, farmers, casual laborers. With the existence of a batik home industry, housewives can help ease the burden on their husbands and increase their income through the production of batik products

Asymmetric new Keynesian Phillips curve for Mexico, 2005Q1–2022Q4

PurposeThe labor market responds in a differentiated manner during recessions and expansions, and it is of vital importance to know the magnitude asymmetries. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of the disinflationary monetary policy (2005Q1–2022Q4) through the sacrifice rate measured in terms of unemployment and rate of critical labor conditions (RCLC) with nonlinear auto regressive distributed lag (NLARDL; Shin et al., 2014), which allows to efficiently estimate asymmetric effects in short and long terms in the presence of variables of different integration orders.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate an asymmetric accelerationist Phillips curve, augmented with labor precariousness for Mexico (2005Q1–2022Q4) following the NLARDL approach (Shin et al., 2014).FindingsThe authors prove that the increase in the unemployment gap has greater disinflationary effects than the RCLC in both the short and the long term; the expansionary phases of the business cycle, which reduce UGap, do not have inflationary effects either in the short or in the long run, but improvements in the labor market do, when RCLC is reduced; raising RCLC appears to have been the companies’ main survival strategy since 2015; and these asymmetries can generate a low unemployment trap with high and growing precariousness, with huge dynamic costs for well-being, economic growth, inequality and poverty.Social implicationsAs labor precariousness grows, the implications are several both in the short and long run. In the short run, the most notorious example of the effects on workers has to do with unstable and insecure situations, that disrupt all their life planning options, and health issues. Bohle et al. (2004) found in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries that casual employees had less desirable and predictable working hours, greater work–life conflict and more associated health complaints than people with permanent jobs.Originality/valueThe approach includes the labor precariousness variable, which describes a new phenomenon in the labor market. Nowadays, workers are facing a new threat since firms are employing a new labor cost reduction strategy in which they do not lay off workers but rather paying them less, working them more hours, or reducing benefits. The asymmetries between the effects of precarity and unemployment can generate a poverty trap in the long run. This problem is, once again, of great relevance in the context of global high inflation.

Loyalty Of Casual Daily Workers Is Mediated By Job Satisfaction On The Influence Of Compensation

This research will measure the loyalty of daily workers who can make a big contribution to the construction industry and is one of the studies that tries to understand the loyalty of daily workers, For example, compensation influences job satisfaction, the work environment influences job satisfaction, and job satisfaction influences the loyalty of daily workers. A questionnaire was used to carry out the research, and 131 construction workers were used. Then the results of research that processed the data, Job Satisfaction Compensation Rejected, Work Environment for Job Satisfaction Accepted, Job Satisfaction Loyalty of Daily Workers Accepted, Compensation for Loyalty of Daily Workers Accepted, Compensation Accepted Job satisfaction mediates against daily worker loyalty rejected, and work environment mediates job satisfaction on daily employee loyalty received. Since the results of the study were based solely on questionnaires, the in-depth understanding of the workers' responses was not investigated. Practical Implications: Construction daily workers who work at the same time as well as several points of view regarding the loyalty of daily workers in management settings are factors that will influence the company's performance in projects that have been obtained and must run according to schedule.

The Gig city: Tech-based revitalization and contingent labor across classes in Chattanooga, TN

In Chattanooga, TN, the construction of a fiber optic telecommunications network has led to a tech-based revitalization strategy, and the promotion of entrepreneurial and technical positions within the Downtown. Rather than being a solution for a better labor future, this paper demonstrates how revitalization has served to perpetuate contingent hiring practice across classes and sectors and create contingency in new ones. In focusing on the types of work valorized in public discourse (an educated yet contingent tech sector) and those that remain devalorized (the many ancillary sectors which support tech-based growth) this paper argues for the need for a policy agenda which takes varied labor forms and livelihood strategies into account. The experience of contingency is examined across classes to demonstrate how revitalization discourses and historical discourses perpetuate social disparities despite the connectedness of workers via workforce restructuring.

No time to read? How precarity is shaping learning and teaching in the humanities

Humanities educators are frequently frustrated by students’ poor engagement in reading. The contemporary student experience is characterised by disruption and precarity. Similarly, is that of teachers who work in casual employment. This discussion is located within broader conversations around the neoliberal university, but aims to make more visible ways that teaching and learning are increasingly shaped by precarity, and consequences for the humanities. It describes what precarity in higher education looks like and considers the kinds of strategies that students and their teachers are positioned to develop by virtue of engaging in education under such conditions, amid chaos, making these meaningful through the learning theory of connectivism. This discussion points to some examples of humanities-based pedagogical innovations that seek to strengthen reading skills, while also acknowledging the changing circumstances of students to point towards avenues for ongoing consideration, reflection, and innovation in the humanities.