Cast High-manganese Steel Research Articles

Cast High-Manganese Steel – the Effect of Microstructure on Abrasive Wear Behaviour in Miller Test

Abstract The results of the modification of austenitic matrix in cast high-manganese steel containing 11÷19% Mn with additions of Cr, Ni and Ti were discussed. The introduction of carbide-forming alloying elements to this cast steel leads to the formation in matrix of stable complex carbide phases, which effectively increase the abrasive wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water. The starting material used in tests was a cast Hadfield steel containing 11% Mn and 1.34% C. The results presented in the article show significant improvement in abrasive wear resistance and hardness owing to the structure modification with additions of Cr and Ti.

OS4-1 Local Cyclic Deformation Behavior in Pore-containing Cast High Manganese Steel Investigated via Synchrotron X-ray CT Image Based Simulation(invited,3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations 1,OS4 3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations,MEASUREMENT METHODS)

OS4-1 Local Cyclic Deformation Behavior in Pore-containing Cast High Manganese Steel Investigated via Synchrotron X-ray CT Image Based Simulation(invited,3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations 1,OS4 3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations,MEASUREMENT METHODS)

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar Material Welded Joints

Abstract The paper presents results of the mechanical testing and the microstructure analysis of dissimilar welded joint of the R350HT steel and the high-manganese (Hadfield) cast steel using Cr-Ni cast steel spacer. The simulation tests of the welded joint surface deformation were carried out. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation were made using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Content of the magnetic phase was measured using magnetoscope. The quantitative metallographic investigation was used for assessment of ferrite and martensite contents and X-ray diffraction phase analysis was carried out. The results showed that during cooling of the spacer after welding, the transformation of metastable austenite into martensite proceeded. In addition to work hardening, the phase transformation of austenite into martensite occurs during the process of the superficial deformation of the spacer while simulated exploitation. This leads to a substantial increase of hardness, and at the same time, causes the increase of wear resistance of the welded joints of crossovers.

Effect of Ni on the hot ductility and hot cracking susceptibility of high Mn austenitic cast steel

In the present study, the hot ductility behavior and hot cracking susceptibility of high manganese cast steel were investigated. Based on the 18Mn–0.6C alloy, a nickel was added for cryogenic impact toughness by maintaining the low temperature austenite stability to prevent strain induced martensitic transformation considering the appropriate stacking fault energy for mechanical twinning. A hot ductility test and Varestraint test were carried out to clarify the behavior of heat affected zone (HAZ) liquation and ductility dip cracking that were observed at the multi-pass weld heat affected zone of a nickel added high manganese weld metal for cryogenic uses. The heating and cooling rates were calculated by the three-dimensional Rosenthal׳s equation based on the actual welding heat input. A brittle temperature range, and a critical strain temperature range for each alloy showed no significant difference, but the overall ductility of the nickel added alloy was lower than the 18Mn alloy due to the lower degree of dynamic recrystallization by the higher stacking fault energy and the existence of the M3P/γ eutectic and MnS formed by the severe P segregation and higher S content, respectively. As a result of the longitudinal Varestraint test, the total and maximum HAZ crack length and cracked HAZ length of the nickel added alloy were larger than those of 18Mn alloy. The solid-state fracture, i.e. the ductility dip cracking was observed both in the on-cooling hot ductility tested and Varestraint tested alloys.

Effect of high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on the abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water

Abstract The study attempts to determine the impact of the high-manganese cast steel strain hardening on its abrasion wear resistance in a mixture of SiC and water prepared in accordance with ASTM G75. For tests, the high-manganese cast steel containing 10.7, 17.9 and 20.02% Mn was selected. The results of microstructure examinations and abrasion wear resistance tests carried out on the material in non-hardened condition and after strain hardening with a force of 539.55kN were disclosed. Additionally, the surface of samples after a 16-hour cycle of abrasion tests was examined. Moreover, based on the obtained results, the effect of different contents of Mn in cast steel was studied, mainly in terms of its impact on the abrasion wear resistance. The results obtained on the tested materials were compared with the results obtained on the low-alloyed abrasion wear-resistant cast steel L35GSM.

Selection of Protective Coatings of Moulds for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steel in Dependence of the Applied Moulding Sand Kind

Abstract High-manganese cast steels are characterised by a high abrasion resistance under friction conditions with a simultaneous influence of pressure and impacts. This cast steel is especially suitable for castings of excavator’s scoops, track links, streetcars crossovers, parts of crushers and mills for braking up of hard materials [1-4]. In order to obtain high quality castings of high-manganese cast steels in moulds on the high-silica sand matrices it is necessary to apply protective coatings, which prevent a direct contact between metal and matrix (SiO2). Manganese after being poured into a mould can undergo a partial oxidation forming MnO, which reacts with silica. As a result low-melting manganese silicates are formed, which in a form of a tight layer adhere to the casting surface, significantly increasing a labour input related to cleaning. Three kinds of protective coatings were tested: zirconium, corundum and magnesite. As a base moulding sands on high-silica sand matrices with three kinds of resol resins were applied. The quality of the obtained casting surface was assessed in dependence of the protective coating and resin kind and also in dependence of the metallostatic pressure value.

Tools Cast from The Steel of Composite Structure

Abstract Hardness, microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of cast high-manganese steel (cast Hadfield steel) were compared with the cast steel of the same austenitic matrix but having vanadium carbides uniformly distributed within its entire volume. The chemical composition of the cast steel was chosen in such a way as to produce a composite structure after the alloy solidification. A similar hardness of the matrix was obtained with carbides evenly distributed in it, while abrasive wear resistance doubled its value. Using the investment casting process, working elements of teeth for the excavators and mechanical coal miners were cast.

Effects of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 31Mn2SiREB Cast Steel

The heat treatment process of 31Mn2SiREB cast steel used in crawler shoes is directly lifted from the heat treatment process of Mn13 high-manganese cast steel, i. e., quenching at 1050 oC after casting. The reasonableness of the process needs to be surveyed. In this paper, the effects of quenching temperature and diffusion annealing pre-treatment on mechanical properties, micro-area composition uniformity and micro-hardness uniformity were investigated. For quenching after casting, the tensile strength and impact energy increase observably with the elevation of quenching temperature, but the impact energy at higher quenching temperature is still very small. The fluctuation of micro-hardness and chemical composition at different micro-areas becomes obviously small with the increase of quenching temperature. For quenching after a diffusion annealing pre-treatment, the impact energy is very high and up to 36.3 J.

Investigations of Protective Coatings for Castings of High-Manganese Cast Steels

Abstract When cast steel castings are made in moulding sands on matrices of high-silica sand, which has a low fire resistance the problem of the so-called chemical penetration is distinctly visible. Whereas this effect appears to a small degree only when moulding sand matrices are of chromite, zircon or olivine sands. Therefore in case of making castings of high-manganese cast steel (e.g. Hadfield steel) sands not containing free silica should be applied (e.g. olivine sand) or in case of a high-silica matrix protective coatings for moulds and cores should be used. Two protective coatings, magnesite alcoholic (marked as coating 1 and coating 2) originated from different producers and intended for moulds for castings of the Hadfield steel, were selected for investigations. Examinations of the basic properties were performed for these coatings: viscosity, thermal analysis, sedimentation properties, wear resistance. In order to estimate the effectiveness of protective coatings the experimental castings were prepared. When applying coating 1, the surface quality of the casting was worse and traces of interaction between the casting material (cast steel) and the coating were seen. When protective coating 2 was used none interactions were seen and the surface quality was better.

Study on Bimetal Compound Casting Technology of Hammers

For the characteristics of the hammer handle is under bending stress and impact constantly alternating and the the main of the hammer is Withstand strong impact and friction in use，the paper designed a new type of composite casting process of hammerhead. It has two wear block imbedding in the below of the hammer ，and it set in on both sides of the axis of the hummer wiche with Inverted trapezoidal dovetail structure. The wear block was cast by high chromium cast iron, and it is properly heat treatment and surface cleaning before casting, but Into the mold after re-heated to temperature above 600 °C，At the same time，poured into the cast high-manganese steel quickly，so the block and hammer handle fused together，the block of composite hammer does not wear off in the use, and the wear resistance of the hummer improved significantly.

Effect of Austempering on the Structures and Performances of Cast High Carbon Si‐Mn Steel

The effects of austempering on the microstructures and mechanical performances of cast high carbon silicon and manganese steel (HCSMS) containing 1.0 wt.%C‐2.5 wt.%Si‐1.5 wt.%Mn‐1.0 wt.%Cr‐0.5 wt.%Cu were studied. The test results show a plate‐like morphology of bainitic ferrite. Each plate of the ferrite is surrounded by a thin layer of retained austenite when the austempering temperature is low, whereas large blocky areas of retained austenite are observed when the temperature is higher. The amount of retained austenite in the bainitic structure increases with increasing isothermal quenching temperature. Austempering results in a significant improvement in the mechanical performances of HCSMS. The main effect of the austempering temperature on the mechanical performances is that hardness and strength are decreased and elongation, impact toughness and fracture toughness are increased with increasing temperature. Cast HCSMS has excellent comprehensive mechanical performance when austenized at 593K.

Influence of austempering temperature on microstructure and fracture toughness of a high-carbon, high-silicon and high-manganese cast steel

Abstract An investigation was carried out to examine the influence of austempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-carbon (1.00%), high-silicon (3.00%) and high-manganese (2.00%) cast steel. Cylindrical tensile specimens and compact tension specimens were prepared from this cast steel according to ASTM standards and were given four different austempering heat treatments to produce different microstructures. The tensile properties and fracture toughness of these materials were studied at room temperature in ambient atmosphere. Test results indicate that maximum fracture toughness is obtained in this steel when the microstructure contains very high austenitic carbon ( X γ C γ ).

Laser Beam Drilling Characteristics of High Manganese Cast Steel

Laser Beam Drilling Characteristics of High Manganese Cast Steel

The design of an impact abrasion testing machine

By using a cam-fiat follower-impact shaft with a crank-flat rotating anvil system, the machine to be described can create various impact abrasion conditions to simulate a large range of industrial situations encountered in this field. The main features of the machine are the long working life of the flat rotating anvil, which works in the same way as that of the disc in a pin-on-disc wear tester, and the accurate control of both the impact energy delivered to the specimen and the total sliding distance of the specimen on the anvil. Statistical analysis of test results on the machine with EN24 steel and cast high manganese steel shows that the uncertainty of the population mean is within ±4.7% of the sample mean under a 95% confidence level of student distribution, which indicates a very good accuracy of test.

Laser Cutting of High Manganese Cast Steel

Laser Cutting of High Manganese Cast Steel

Improvement of the weldability of high-manganese cast steel 110G13L

Improvement of the weldability of high-manganese cast steel 110G13L

Refinement of Surface Structure of High Manganese Cast Steel by Applying YAG Laser

Refinement of Surface Structure of High Manganese Cast Steel by Applying YAG Laser

Effects of Mischmetal Addition on the Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Cast Steel

Effects of Mischmetal Addition on the Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Cast Steel

Effects of Mischmetal Addition on the Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Cast Steel

Effects of Mischmetal Addition on the Mechanical Properties of High Manganese Cast Steel

Reactions at the Interface of High Chromium Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel with Olivine or Silica Sand Mold

The use of olivine sand as a molding material is limited in comparison with silica sand, and its characteristics are not sufficiently known. The previous papers by the authors described that the olivine sand mold prevented burning not only in the case of high manganese cast steel but also of low carbon cast steel. Metal-mold reactions between a high chromium steel and an austenitic stainless cast steel, and olivine and silica sand mold were investigated in the present work. Olivine sand mold exhibited a similar or better resistance to burning than silica sand mold with high chromium steel or austenitic stainless steel. Chromium and manganese in molten steels reacted with the surface of olivine sand and formed a smooth shell on the mold surface. The smooth shell had a high packed density of solid sand particles and prevented metal penetration. After cooling, therefore, castings were removed easily and showed no burning. But in the silica sand mold a similar smooth shell was formed only in a 25% chromium steel and an austenitic stainless steel. The surface of quartz (silica sand) and olivine (dunite not serpentinized) reacted slightly with chromium and manganese in the molten high chromium steel. Neither chromium nor manganese was detected inside the quartz or the olivine which was confined in the smooth shell layer.