Cassava Peel Research Articles

The Potential of Cassava Peel Waste as a Material of Biodegradable Plastic using Calcium Silicate Filler

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be degraded and decomposed quickly by microorganisms in the soil. In this study, biodegradable plastic was made with starch from cassava peel waste, sorbitol as a plasticizer, and calcium silicate as a filler. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the amount of filler and the amount of plasticizer on biodegradation properties, tensile and elongation strength, and water absorption properties. The variables used in the plasticizer are 30%, 40%, and 50% (w/w) of the weight of cassava peel starch. While the variables used for filler are 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/w) of the weight of cassava peel starch. The results of the study showed that the highest biodegradation test results were 81.7% with 7% calcium silicate filler variables and 50% plasticizer sorbitol, tensile strength test obtained the highest value of 0.767 MPa on 3% calcium silicate filler variables and 30% sorbitol, elongation test with the highest value on the filler variable calcium silicate 7% and sorbitol 30% that is equal to 5.20% and the water adsorption test obtained the smallest value is 10.33% on the filler variable calcium silicate 1% and sorbitol 30%. The biodegradable plastic as a result of this research has met the standards for degradation ability based on the ASTM 6400 standard but has not met the standards for tensile strength, elongation, and water adsorption.

ANALISA PENGARUH HOLDING TIME DAN TEMPERATUR PADA PACK CARBURIZING MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH KULIT SINGKONG TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK BAJA 1020

The purpose of this study to determine the effect holding time on increasing the surface hardness of AISI 1020 steel material and analyzing the physical and mechanical properties of the results pack carburizing cassava peel waste on AISI 1020 steel. Process pack carburizing in this study have variations temperature 875oC and 900oC withholding time 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes. The catalyst used in this study was a carbonate compound, namely 20% BaCo3 to accelerate the reaction of adding carbon. The research results show that pack carburizing from cassava peel waste carbon can increase the surface hardness of AISI 1020 steel or part of the mechanical properties of the material. Testing at a temperature of 875oC withholding time 60 minutes which is 10.7 HRC and is the lowest value in the study while the highest hardness value occurs at a temperature of 900OC withholding time 120 minutes is 48.2 HRC. Microstructure observation results (metallography) on the edges indicates the martensite phase. The more martensite phase, the higher the value of the surface hardness of the steel material in the same direction as the effect of the length of holding time(holding time)

PSII-18 Chemical Composition of Cassava-Based Feed Ingredients from South-East Asia

Abstract Diet formulation in animal production has traditionally relied on a limited number of feed ingredients. Cassava is a starchy tuber crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas that can be used as an alternative ingredient in animal diets due to increasing cereal grain prices and their impact on feed costs. Therefore, information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to formulate diets. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Sources of dried peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All ingredients were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, N, amino acids (AA), acid hydrolyzed ether extract, ash, minerals, starch, insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, and total dietary fiber. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Data were analyzed by ANOVA to test statistical differences among all cassava-based ingredients, and an alpha value of 0.05 was used to assess significance among means. Results indicated that high ash cassava meal had greater (P < 0.05) dry matter and ash, but less (P < 0.05) starch and gross energy than all other cassava products (Table 1). Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (P < 0.05) starch than the other cassava ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (P < 0.05) Lys, insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber concentrations compared with the other cassava products, but Trp and Glu were greater (P < 0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. The concentration of most minerals was greater (P < 0.05) in high ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. In conclusion, cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different, and peeling seems to have little impact on chemical composition. High ash cassava meal has less nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

Effect of using cassava and glycerol as food storage on the quality of bioplastic packaged food

Food packaging today often involves the migration of monomer substances from petroleum-based plastics into the food. This study aimed to determine the effects of storing food in bioplastic on moisture content and peroxide levels. The study design employed a post-test experimental design with a control group. Dodol samples were selected for this study using a simple random sampling method. The bioplastics used were made from cassava peel starch, and the food storage conditions included temperature-humidity variations of 10-15°C and 85.3-90.8% relative humidity and 25-29°C and 46.5%-80.4% relative humidity. Data were collected through laboratory tests and analyzed using the SPSS program. The study found a significant effect of glycerol dosage on the thickness of the bioplastic (p-value < 0.001). There was a significant influence of temperature-humidity storage on moisture content with glycerol dosages of 3 ml (p-value = 0.002), 4 ml (p-value < 0.023), and 5 ml (p-value = 0.007), as well as on the peroxide content of dodol. This effect was particularly pronounced with glycerol dosages of 3 ml (p-value = 0.001), 4 ml (p-value < 0.001), and 5 ml (p-value = 0.008). The results indicate that cassava peel starch bioplastic can serve as a viable alternative for food packaging, provided that temperature and humidity conditions during food storage are carefully controlled.

Simultaneous removal of chloride and hardness from groundwater by cassava peel biosorption: Optimization and sorption studies

AbstractIn this study, activated carbon produced from cassava peel (CP) via carbonization at 400°C was utilized as a biosorbent for the removal of chloride (Cl−) and total hardness (TH) from groundwater. A response surface methodology (RSM) employing a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to optimize process parameters, including pH (3–10), biosorbent dosage (1–10 g), contact time (10–60 min), initial Cl− concentration (50–2000 mg/L), and initial TH concentration (40–900 mg/L). The biosorbent was applied in a batch reactor setup to evaluate its performance in removing Cl− and TH from groundwater under the optimized conditions. The experimental data showed good agreement with the model predictions, exhibiting R2 of 0.991 and 0.905 for Cl− and TH removal, respectively. The CP biosorbent removed Cl− (245 mg/L) and TH (321 mg/L) by 84% and 90%, respectively, under optimal conditions of 6.9 g CP dose, 19.6 min, and initial pH of 8.1. The sorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order, and the equilibrium data fit the Freundlich and Langmuir models to Cl− and TH, respectively. The removal of Cl− and TH exhibited maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 31.25 and 6.57 mg/g for Cl− and TH, respectively. Overall, CP shows potential as an adsorbent for remediating groundwater containing Cl− and TH.

Experimental Study of Biochar Production Process Using a Pilot Carbonization Kiln as a Biofuel’s Properties Improvement Module

Pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical process of biomass conversion to a carbon neutral or better fuels and materials from biomass. It is a thermal decomposition of organic material in a controlled (insufficient) oxygen at a high temperature thereby producing solid (biochar), liquid (oil) and gaseous products. Biochar produced during this process is a very valuable material that can be utilized as soil additive and in carbon sequestration, where the carbon can be stored (locked) in the soil. The result is improved soil structure, pH, water and nutrient retention and the mitigation of climate change. Biochar can also be utilized as biofuel in energy generation directly or converted to biomass briquettes thereby, improving its energy and economic value. Therefore, the present study, involved the production of biochar from an improvised 100 litres volume pilot carbonization kiln and experimentally studied the biochar yield. The result showed a yield of 2505g at average charring ratio of 33.9 % from 7396g of composite wastes, comprising of 1844g of mixture of Maize cob and coconut husk, 1030g of mixed vegetable stem and discarded fruits (sundried watermelon and fruits, 3321g of peeled yam, cassava peels, potatoes peels and discarded food materials, and 1201g of plantain bunches and peels. This results is an indication of good performance outcome of the carbonization kiln in biochar production for soil nutrient improvement and (or) for energy supply applications as refuse derived fuels (RDF).

Design and Performance Evaluation of a Cassava Peeling Machine for Food Processing

The study focuses on the design and performance evaluation of a cassava peeling machine, with the primary objective of mitigating labor-intensive tasks and enhancing the efficiency of processing cassava into different food products. The machine consist of a peeling chamber using a perforated stainless-steel plate as an abrasive surface, an integrated water system, a structured support frame, and a 1hp electric motor as its power source. Evaluation was based on the effect of peeling drum utilization, encompassing different cassava root mass variations (5, 10, 15, and 20kg) and residence time on key performance indicators (proportion by weight, peeling efficiency and throughput capacity). The machine exhibited commendable performance and was operated at a reduced speed achieved through a reduction gear mechanism, resulting in an average peeling efficiency of 87%. The machine's average throughput capacity stood at 105.10 kg/hr, and the average proportion by weight was 0.86 kg across all cassava root varieties (TMS 30572, TME 419 and TMS 30555). The introduction of a water system into the machine design facilitated the cleansing of peeled cassava roots, rendering them more amenable to subsequent processing and also contributing to heightened cassava root moisture content, which in turn bolstered peeling efficiency.

Investigation of critical properties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) peel and bagasse as starch-rich fibrous agro-industrial wastes for biodegradable food packaging.

Cassava peel and bagasse are fibrous, starch-rich agro-industrial wastes, which cause severe environmental impacts upon their disposal. However, these can be raw materials for biodegradable food packaging. In this study, their morphological, chemical, thermal properties, crystalline phases, and chemical compositions were investigated, and potential utilisation as alternative biodegradable food packaging matrices has been assessed. Residual starches in cassava peel and bagasse were morphologically similar with that of commercial cassava starch, whereas potassium (8570±56mg/kg), and calcium (5300±147mg/kg) were highly abounded in peel and bagasse respectively. The major crystalline phase, α-amylose dihydrate, for cassava peel (97.1 (2)%) and bagasse (99.0 (3)%) point towards the presence of starch. Calcium and silicon reported to be in crystalline phases respectively, in the forms of quartz and whewellite. These beneficial characteristics suggested the potential valorisation of cassava peel and bagasse with special interest as matrices for biodegradable food packaging.

Optimal evaluation of crop residues for gasification in Ghana using integrated multi-criterial decision making techniques

Lack of sustainable feedstock quantity and quality has been reported to be one of the major challenges confronting operations of gasifier plants in Ghana. In this paper, TOPSIS (Technique for order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) and VIKOR (Multi-criteria Optimisation and Compromise Solution) were used to select optimal crop residues for sustainable gasification in Ghana among thirteen residue types. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as weighting criteria for the three Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques. Thirteen criteria based on particle size, proximate, ultimate analysis, calorific values, and quantity of residues were used. Five scenarios were considered; ranking of individual feedstock, consideration of the combination of the feedstock grouped under four categories. The ultimate and proximate analysis of the various crop residues as determined were generally within recommended levels as reported in the literature. Cashew shells and cassava peels have the highest heating value and annual technical residue potential of 23.4 MJ/kg and 880,750 tonnes respectively. Ranking of the individual crop residues confirmed cassava peels as the best alternatives of all the three MCDM techniques. The average rankings of the alternatives from the three MCDM in the order of best to worst are cassava peels, maize stalk, cocoa pod husk, maize cobs, rice straw, shea nut husk, groundnut husk, Palm kernel shells, EFB, rice husk, coconut husk/shells, cashew shells, and shea nut cake. Rankings of the alternatives under the four categories considered showed that feedstock blends containing four residues or more offer better opportunities for sustainable gasification than individual feedstock. Statistical analysis shows that there is a very strong, positive correlation between VIKOR, COPRAS, and TOPSIS. The strongest correlation is between VIKOR and TOPSIS with spearman's rank correlation index of 0.98. The analysis was sensitive to the weight of the strategy of group utility, recoverability ratio, residue-to-product ratio and annual crop production figures. It is recommended that optimal gasifier design and operational conditions taken into consideration the various feedstocks and their combination as determined from this study must be studied.

Production of Sugar from Cassava Peel using Different Chemical Pre-treatment

Cassava peel has been a notable agricultural waste material to researchers because of its potential to produce sugar, a valuable product in the food, agricultural, and cosmetic industries. The peels constitute lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, also known as lignocellulosic biomass. Cassava peels must undergo a pre-treatment method to separate the lignocellulosic material effectively. This study aims to investigate the optimal chemical pre-treatment methods and optimal pre-treatment concentration to produce sugar from cassava peel. Cassava peels were pre-treated with sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, and methanol with a catalyst (organosolv). Then, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose. The glucose yield is quantified using Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay and a portable blood glucometer. The results showed that pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 0.05 M at 121°C for 15 minutes gave the highest glucose yield of 4.53±1.20 mg/ml. Glucose produced from 0.05 M sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and 0.2 M organosolv sodium methoxide (MeOH+NaOAc) were 3.55±0.68 mg/ml and 3.29±0.93 mg/ml, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of different pre-treatment methods and pre-treatment concentrations had a significant glucose yield (P<0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the glucose yield under different pre-treatment concentrations. Further study on mechanical-assisted chemical pre-treatment methods is recommended.

Molds and Mycotoxins in Food Value Chain: A Challenge to Food and Nutrition Security

Due to postharvest losses on fresh produce, most farmers apply simple and affordable open sun-drying in-between harvest and the final consumers but this method causes the growth of mold and fungi in processed food. Hence, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize molds associated with the drying of plantain chips, and post-drying handling of catfish and cassava peels using standard laboratory procedures. One gram (1gm) of respective samples of plantain chips, dried fish, and cassava peel was taken and crushed in a mortar, 1g of each was serially diluted up 10-6 fold, and 0.1mL of each was pour-plated in potato dextrose agar modified with chloramphenicol and incubated for 72 hours at 280C. Thereafter, discrete colonies were counted and characterized using standard laboratory procedures. A total of eight fungal isolates were identified which were Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp., Neurospora sp. The mean fungal counts of cassava peels revealed that the samples recorded the highest mean fungal counts which were by Mucor sp. (24.1x106 Cfu/g) while Catfish had the lowest overall mean counts (3.2x106 Cfu/g). But Aspergillus niger had the lowest counts of (2.7x106 Cfu/g) in plantain chips. The total mean fungal count at ratio: catfish (31.4), plantain chips (37.6), and cassava peel (111). In conclusion, several findings from this work showed that samples dried under the sun in the studied area were contaminated with mycotoxin-producing microbes that could lead to their early decay, deterioration and loss of nutrients.

Optimal sites for agricultural and forest residues energy conversion plant using geographic information system

The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) has committed to net-zero emission development pathways to respond to the Paris Agreement adopted in 2015. However, the country is in dire need of energy to support its developmental ambitions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider green energy technologies to support both socioeconomic development and to meet the FGN's emission reduction target. In view of this, the current work presents the optimal sites for bioenergy plants in a state in Nigeria using Geographic Information System (GIS). Key findings suggest that 62.03 PJ/yr and 4.12 PJ/yr of energy could be derived from crop residues and forest residues, respectively, to support the state's bioenergy development. The crop residues considered include plantain (stem), oil palm (shell and fibre), maize (stalks) and cassava (peel and stalks). Six criteria were used in selecting the optimal sites, and include biomass residue distribution, settlement, road accessibility, nearness to waterline, slope and aspect. These criteria were incorporated into the ArcGIS platform through the weighted overlay tool. Strategically, the analysis presents seven sites for biomass plants to sustainably meet part of the energy needs. The efforts of the current work which supports not less than three SDGs–SDG 7 (Clean and Affordable Energy), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), will assist policymakers in Nigeria to make appropriate policies within the climate change space.

Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Membrane from Cassava Peel for Microfiltration

Cassava peel is a waste product from cassava starch or modified cassava flour (mocaf) production. It is currently not utilized optimally. Cassava peel is a lignocellulosic material that can be used as a source of cellulose. Acetylation of cassava peel cellulose was successfully done using acetic anhydride with glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid as catalysts. The content of acetyl is 49.54%, and the degree of substitution (DS) is 3.69. The percentage of acetyl of more than 43% and the DS of 3.69 show that the cellulose acetate obtained is categorized as cellulose triacetate. The CA–PEG membrane has a pore range of 1- 4 μm depending on the molecular weight of PEG. The coefficients of rejection of the CA-PEG membrane range from 95.99% to 98.88%. The CA-PEG membrane is effective as a microfiltration membrane.

Potential Cassava Peel Waste (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in The Production of Bioethanol by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Zymomonas mobilis Bacteria

Cassava is one of the most widely produced agricultural products in Indonesia with cassava peel waste of 20%. Cassava peel contains carbohydrates and stores a high cellulose content so that it has a potential to be a bioethanol. This study aims to utilize cassava peel waste for bioethanol production with an alkaline pretreatment process, cellulase enzyme hydrolysis and fermentation by using Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. Alkaline pretreatment with 14% NaOH is used to hydrolyze lignocellulose. The hydrolysis optimization process enzymatically applies the Surface Response Method (RSM) to determine the optimum conditions at hydrolysis pH in the range of 2-10 and hydrolysis temperature in the range of 30-70 °C by analyzing glucose levels using the Dinitrosalicylic Acid (DNS) method and UVvis spectrophotometry instruments. Surface Response Method (RSM) is likewise implemented to decide the greatest conditions of the fermentation process. The pH measurement ranges 2-10, and fermentation time takes 6 to 168 hours. Based on the results of research, it results a lignin content of 6.68% (b/b), cellulose content of 58.4% (b/b), and hemicellulose content of 27.3% (b/b). The optimum conditions of the hydrolysis process obtained an optimum glucose level of 9.22mg/mL at pH 2 and a hydrolysis temperature of 50°C. The optimum conditions of the fermentation process use Zymomonas mobilis at pH 6 while fermentation time takes 168 hours analyzed using a refractometer produced a bioethanol content of 37.75% (v/v) and a gas chromatography produced a bioethanol content of 54.94% (v/v).

Exploring The Symbiotic Economic Benefits Between Farmers and Herders to Promote Peaceful Coexistence in Taraba State Nigeria

This paper explored the symbiotic economic benefits between farmers and herders in Taraba State to promote peaceful coexistence. Taraba State is one of the states in the North East region of Nigeria that is mainly affected by the farmers-herders crisis. The paper illustrated the causes of the farmers-herders crisis which include the growing population, abandonment of the grazing reserve system, and proliferation of small arms and light weapons among others. Although the Federal and State Governments have responded in several ways, among which the creation of grazing reserves in 1965, the establishment of the National Commission for Nomadic Education (NCNE) in 1989, the use of the Armed Forces to curb internal security caused by farmers-herders crisis, proposed National Grazing Reserve Bill 2016, proposed Cattle Ranching System 2018, legislation prohibiting open grazing and the Great Green Wall Agency of the Federal Government. All these efforts by the Federal Government and various State Governments could not bring the desired peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders. The crisis still lingered in Taraba State and many other states. Therefore, the paper explored the symbiotic economic benefits that could be enjoyed by farmers and herders leading to peaceful coexistence. Some of the symbiotic economic benefits capable of stimulating peaceful coexistence are; after harvesting crops on their farm, they usually allow cattle to graze on the leftovers, during which excrement from the cows provide manure for the farm, use of yam and cassava peels for preparation of animal feeds, use of rice, guinea corn, maize, and millet chaff for animal feeds and use of animal waste as fertilizer. The author concluded that exploring the symbiotic economic benefits explicated in this paper can bring about peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders which will also result in a peaceful Taraba State. It was suggested that government and private individuals should establish ranches within farming communities in such a manner that herders can get animal feeds from farmers while the farmers get manure from the herders’ farms.

Optimizing the Flexural Behavior of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Cassava Peel Ash using Response Surface Methodology

The growing concern to reduce global warming has necessitated the use of more eco-friendly materials in construction. The study is focused on the utilization of cassava peel ash as supplementary cementitious material and bamboo as reinforcement in concrete beams. The response surface methodology approach was explored to determine the effect of simultaneously varying the cassava peel ash content, bamboo size, beam length, and beam depth on the flexural strength and strain of beams. An analysis of variance was carried out on experimentally obtained results to determine the accuracy of the obtained models and the contributions made by the linear interaction and quadratic terms on flexural strength and flexural strain. The coefficient of determination obtained for RSM models showed a good correlation between all predicted and experimentally obtained results. The optimum conditions obtained for bamboo-reinforced concrete containing cassava peel ash were 3% cassava peel ash, 16 mm bamboo diameter, 500 mm beam length, and 150 mm beam depth. The predicted flexural strengths were 11.85, 14.34, and 14.95 N/mm2 and flexural strains of 0.64, 0.67, and 0.91 for 28 days, 56 days, and 90 days, respectively. To validate the model prediction, a laboratory experiment was conducted using the optimum mix design proportion. From the results obtained, it was observed that the experimental results were close to those predicted by the models. These models can be efficiently used for simulating the flexural behavior of bamboo-reinforced concrete beams. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-011 Full Text: PDF

Production of Liquid Biofertilizer from Cassava Peels and Chicken Droppings Using Microbial Inoculants

Production of Liquid Biofertilizer from Cassava Peels and Chicken Droppings Using Microbial Inoculants

The Effect of Addition of Various Media Substrates of Local Microorganisms (MOL) to Nutrient Content and Cyanide Acid Level Anaerobic Fermentation of Cassava Peels (Manihot utilissima)

ABSTRAK Keterbatasan hijauan pakan menyebabkan perlunya pakan alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ternak, salah satu pakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan adalah kulit singkong terfermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan berbagai media substrat mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) terhadap kandungan nutrien dan asam sianida fermentasi anaerobik kulit singkong. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Desember 2022 di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tidar, Laboratorium CV. Chemmix, Bantul, Yogyakarta, dan di Laboratorium Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap. Kulit singkong diberi 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yang terdiri dari (P0) kulit singkong + 1% Effective micro-organism EM4 1%; (P1) kulit singkong + 1% MOL1; (P2) kulit singkong + 1% MOL2; (P3) kulit singkong + MOL3; dan (P4) kulit singkong + MOL4. Data dari hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, jika hasilnya berbeda nyata dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Dunnet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan berbagai MOL memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kandungan protein kasar dan HCN, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap kadar air dan abu pada fermentasi kulit singkong. Kata Kunci: Kulit singkong, air cucian beras, air rebusan kedelai, air limbah ampas tahu ABSTRACT Limited forage causes the need for alternative feed to meet the needs of livestock, one of the alternative feeds that can be used is fermented cassava peels. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding various media substrates of local microorganisms (MOL) on the nutrient and cyanide acid content of cassava peels anaerobic fermentation. The research was conducted in September-December 2022 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tidar University, CV. Chemmix Laboratory, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Bogor Agricultural Institute Laboratory. The study used a completely Randomize Method. Cassava peels were given 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely (P0) cassava peels + 1% EM4; (P1) cassava peels + 1% MOL1; (P2) cassava peels + 1% MOL 2; (P3) cassava peels + 1% MOL3. Data were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and continued with the Dunnet test. The results showed that the addition of MOL had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content and HCN content but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on water content and ash content in the anaerobic fermentation of cassava peels. Keywords: Cassava peels, rice-washing water, soybean-boiled water, tofu wastewater

Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete containing Nanosized Cassava Peel Ash as partial Replacement of Cement using Artificial Neural Network

Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete containing Nanosized Cassava Peel Ash as partial Replacement of Cement using Artificial Neural Network

The Effectiveness of Cassava Peel (Manihot esculenta crantz) in Reducing Iron (Fe) Levels in Dug Well Water

The Effectiveness of Cassava Peel (Manihot esculenta crantz) in Reducing Iron (Fe) Levels in Dug Well Water