Cassava Meal Research Articles

Effect of Whole Cassava Meal as Substitutes for Maize in the Diets on the Performance Characteristics and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

Effect of Whole Cassava Meal as Substitutes for Maize in the Diets on the Performance Characteristics and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Gaplek dan Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Cairan Rumen Sapi PO Terhadap Kualitas Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)

(The effect of cassava meal and Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from rumen liquid of PO cattle on napier grass silage quality) ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava meal as carbohydrate source and inoculums of lactic acid bacteria incubated from PO cattle’s rumen liquid on the quality of Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silages. The research was conducted at Ujung-ujung village Pabelan District Semarang Regency. Feed analysis was carried out in of Biochemical Nutrition, Animal Feed Science, Animal Science Faculty, Gadjah Mada University. This study was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 3 replicated. The treatments were addition of cassava meal and inoculums of lactic acid bacteria level into the Napier grass; 0, 1, 3 and 5% (w/w) and incubated for 30 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant effect was tested by Duncans Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of 1 – 5% cassava meal significantly affected (P0,05) lactic acid content, pH, and NH3 concentration. Should be revised However, among the treatment groups of 1, 3 and 5 % of cassava meal was not significantly (P0,05) different on the lactic acid content, pH and NH3 concentration.

Effect of Cooking Time on Starch and Cyanide Contents of Freshly Harvested Cassava Tubers Used for Tapioca Production

This study investigated the effect of cooking time on starch and cyanide contents of freshly harvested cassava tubers used for tapioca production. Tapioca is a cassava meal commonly consumed in most part of th e world and prepared from freshly harvested cassava tubers. The cassava tubers used for tapioca production are first boiled and sliced, before soaking in water overnight. The cassava tubers used for this study were harvested from the eastern farm of Nation al Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike in Abia State, Nigeria. Some freshly harvested cassava tubers were subjected to 90 minutes cooking in clean water and at intervals of 15 minutes, samples were collected for starch and cyanide analyses. The result s howed that increase in cooking time decreased the starch and cyanide contents of the cassava samples. Starch was reduced from 13.37% to 4.65% for every 2 g of star ch tuber given 65.22% reduction after 90 minutes. The cyanide content was reduced from 36.65 ± 0.16 to 2.49±0.08 mg/kg after 90 minutes of boiling, given a 93.2%

Effect of dryer parameters on the drying characteristics and quality of cassava flour

In this study a conductive rotary dryer (CRD) was developed for the drying of pulverized cassava meal with a view to mechanizing the traditional sun-drying method. The effects of four parameters of the dryer were investigated and optimized using the Taguchi technique. Drum temperature had the most significant effect on the swelling index of the cassava meal with signal-to-noise ratio difference of 3.16. A swelling index of 1.02 was predicted for cassava meal dried at drum temperature of 1400C, vapor extraction rate of 0.03 m3/sand 8 kg of wet cassava meal per batch. The moisture content of the cassava meal decreased from 45 % to 10 % (wet basis) in an average of 44 minutes and the proximate composition of the dried cassava meal met the standard specification recommended for cassava flour. The application of the CRD was better than traditional sun drying and its injection into the cassava processing industry can contribute to agro-industrial growth in cassava producing countries of Africa

Growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens fed commercial finisher and cassava copra meal-based diets

A three-week experiment was conducted to investigate the utilisation of a diet based on cassava root meal and copra meal by finishing broiler chickens. A total of ninety-six 21-day-old Cobb broilers were used for the experiment. The birds were weighed and allotted to six pens containing 16 birds each. A finisher diet based on cassava and copra meal and a commercial broiler finisher diet were fed each to three randomly selected pens for a period of 21 days. Results showed poorer (P < 0.05) final body weight, daily feed intake, daily gain and feed: gain ratio of birds fed the test feed compared to those fed the control commercial feed, but feed cost of meat production (WST$/kg live weight) was reduced (P < 0.05) on the test feed. Birds on the commercial feed had higher (P < 0.05) carcass and breast meat yields, while the yields of thighs and drumsticks were not affected (P > 0.05) by the diet. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.05) on the weights of the liver, heart and caeca, but birds on the test feed recorded higher (P < 0.05) weights of the pancreas, gizzard and small intestine. Birds fed the control commercial feed deposited more (P < 0.05) fat than those fed the test feed. It was concluded that cassava copra meal-based finisher diets could be used to reduce cost of meat production and abdominal fat content and thus meat quality of broiler chickens. Further research into appropriate combinations of these ingredients for optimum growth and feed utilisation by broilers is recommended.

Effects of Cassava Substitute for Maize Based Diets on Performance Characteristics and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

2 Abstract: The effects of feeding diets containing cassava meal (tuber and leaf) were investigated on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight gain, egg performance and egg quality of layer during 5 weeks of feeding experiment. Thirty-six white leghorn layer were allocated into 4 groups of nine hens each. Diet I, contained no cassava meal but maize 57% of the diet and served as the control. In diet II, III and IV, the proportion of maize was substituted with the cassava meal at the levels of 30% (30% tuber+0% leaf), 40% (30% tuber+10% leaf) and 50% (30% tuber+20% leaf), respectively. Egg laying rate tended to decrease with the IV, although there was no significant different between them. Haugh unit value in the hens fed diet III were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those fed other diets. Hens fed cassava meal diets had higher yolk color score than the control fed with maize based diet. The results demonstrated that, up to 40% of maize could be replaced with cassava meal for improving laying performance and egg quality. Moreover, supplementation with cassava leaf to tuber was efficient in lowering yolk cholesterol contents.

Hepatic Necrosis and Degenerative Myopathy Associated with Cassava Feeding in Pigs.

Forty-three deaths were recorded among pigs fed boiled cassava meal at a private piggery over a period of two years. There were signs of sudden death in some cases with blood exuding from the external nares, vomiting, muscular weakness and pain or reluctance to move, emaciation, and stunted growth. The necropsy lesions included skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and necrosis, icterus, hepatic necrosis, and oedema of the dependent parts. The deaths and clinical signs are thought to be due to a non cyanide toxic principle in cassava, possibly the coumarins (scopoletin), which is found in high levels in cassava diet even after heat treatment. Therefore, the use of proper processing technology to obtain cassava products of high quality is recommended.

Feasibility study of cassava meal in broiler diets by partial replacing energy source (corn) in regard to gross response and carcass traits

Day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were used to investigate the growth responses and meat yield traits by nourishing them under four dietary treatment group in inclusion of cassava meal with partial substitution of valuable energy source (maize or corn). A total of 260 birds were assigned randomly into four dietary treatments [T1 (0%); T2 (10%); T3 (20%), and T4 (30%)]; each replicated 5 times, 13 birds/replicate in a completely randomized design. Birds were reared with ad libitum feeding, similar housing, and environmental management condition from d1-35 days. Growth responses of broilers in terms of feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), livability and meat yield traits were assessed in this study. Except for first week, the feed intake of birds on cassava treated diets up to 21 and 35 days was significantly (p&lt;0.001) higher than the non-cassava or control diet (T1). Feed intake of broilers on cassava treated diet (T4 ) had the highest (2795.8 g/b) while the birds of control (T1) diet group consumed the lowest feed (2771.9 g/b) at 35 day. Live weight decreased (p&lt;0.001) with the inclusion of cassava meal diets up to 21 day only; and live weights up to 7 and 35 days were identical between treatment. FCR up to 21 day was improved (p&lt;0.001) on control diet (T1) and deteriorated on cassava treated diets. FCR values up to 7 and 35 days were unaffected by all the treatment groups. Neither the livability nor the meat yield traits (thigh, breast, drumstick, shank, neck, giblet, wing and dressing yield) of broiler chickens was influenced by the dietary treatments regardless of feeding broiler chickens with cassava or non-cassava diets in this study. It may be deduced based on the present findings that, cassava tuber meal might be a potential ingredient to replace the costly maize up to 300 g kg-1 without affecting growth performance of the broiler chickens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17846 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 3 (2): 59-65, December, 2013

Effects of replacing maize meal with rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal on growth and egg production performance in Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica)

This study evaluated the effects of replacing maize in quail diets with graded levels of rumen filtrate-fermented cassava meal (FCM) on growth and egg production performance. Cassava meal (CM) was mixed with dried layer’s manure at 75 g/kg CM. This mixture was thoroughly mixed with freshly collected rumen filtrate (1 L/5 kg CM), and fermented in sealed bags for 14 days. It was then sun-dried and incorporated in grower/finisher diets at 0, 50, 75 and 100%. Then, 84-three weeks-old Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) were divided into four groups that were randomly assigned to 0, 50, 75 and 100% FCM grower/layers diets. The diets and drinking water were supplied to birds ad libitum until 56 days of age. Daily feed consumption, weekly body weights, weight gains, feed conversion ratios (FCR), hen day, and egg weights were monitored. Replacing maize with FCM in quail diets had significant effect on all the parameters assessed. Quails fed diets with 75% FCM were superior (p

Development of Enzymes andIn VitroDigestibility during Metamorphosis and Molting of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus)

The work focuses on development of digestive enzymes (amylase, total protease, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C ratio) for digestive efficiency and growth, in blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) during metamorphosis and molting. Specific activities of all enzyme parameters studied were associated with growth during metamorphosis, while only those of trypsin and T/C ratio were associated during molting cycle where trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities associated with consumption rate with especially high levels during late intermolt and early premolt stages. About 50% increased weight gain was observed with at least double increased T/C ratio at the end of molting period, compared to the stages prior to molting. Growth of carapace would be more significant after finishing molting. Carapace width gain and T/C ratio were highest at the first crab stage. Studies ofin vitroprotein digestibility of different feed raw materials indicated thatArtemia, Rotifer, andMoinaare the best for larval stages. Otherwise, the use of shrimp feed andArtemiaflake could be the alternatives. Incorporating of cassava meal into the feed formula for early adult stage (juvenile) could be an advantage. The proteins from animals are more beneficial for adult crab culture than the proteins from plants and bacteria. The digestible quality of dietary protein is very important during larval stages, while the protein level of diet is more important during adult stages with fully developed digestive enzymes.

Energy-Efficient Production of Cassava-Based Bio-Ethanol

Fuel ethanol is an important renewable and sustainable fuel, produced in China by fermentation of mostly corn, wheat and cassava feedstock. Fermentation produces an ethanol-lean broth (10 to 12 vol%). Ethanol is recovered by distillation, followed by a molecular sieve drying beyond the azeo-tropic point. The distillation and molecular sieve operations consume most of the total energy used, with the steam consumption currently being ~1.8 kg/kg ethanol, including 0.5 kg/kg ethanol in the final molecular sieve stage during regeneration. The objectives of the paper are fourfold: 1) firstly to study the distillation process of a large-scale cassava-based fuel ethanol production (200,000 tons per year), by field measurements and by using an Aspen Plus V8.2 simulation, with and without energy integration of condensers and reboilers, resulting in a distillation steam consumption of ~1.3 kg/kg ethanol; 2) secondly, to examine the effects of using Very High Gravity (VHG) fer-mentation of cassava meal mash. By using VHG fermentation, the ethanol concentration in the fermenter broth is significantly increased, to about 19 vol% (15.4 wt%). The steam consumption is then reduced to ~0.94 kg/kg, representing a considerable saving in comparison with the current operation. Applying VHG fermentation needs minor additional investment, rapidly recovered through the energy savings and the smaller size of equipment; 3) thirdly, to assess the application of a hybrid operation, where pervaporation will be used to selectively and continuously remove ethanol from the fermenter broth, thus slightly increasing the fermentation yield by reducing the risk of ethanol inhibition, whilst producing an ehtanol-rich permeate (about 30 wt%); and finally 4) to demonstrate that the production cost of cassava-based ethanol can substantially be reduced by applying the proposed improvements.

The effects of a short-term molt method using cassava meal, broken rice, or corn on ovarian regression, bone integrity, and postmolt egg production and quality in older (95 week) laying hens

This study was conducted to determine the ability of different molt diets to induce molt in 95-wk-old hens. The hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments of 60 birds each: 1) molted by full feeding with broken rice (BROK), 2) corn (CRN), 3) cassava (CASS), or 4) nonmolted control (CONT) for 14 d. At 15 d, all hens were fed a layer diet (17% CP), and production performance was measured for 20 wk. Feed intake was depressed (P < 0.05) in the CASS treatment compared with BROK and CRN treatments during the 14 d. The most significant BW loss occurred in the CASS treatment (21.9%), whereas BROK and CRN treatments were 7.6 and 9.3%, respectively. The CASS treatment resulted in total cessation of egg production within 7 d, whereas those of BROK and CRN treatments decreased to 3.7 and 8.7%, respectively. Ovary weights, oviduct weights, and oviduct lengths of the CASS treatment were not significantly different from those of BROK and CRN treatments (P > 0.05). The weight of spleen and thymus glands, blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratios, bone parameters, and mortality during the 14-d treatment were not affected by treatments. No significant differences were found among treatments for postmolt cumulative egg production, egg weight, feed intake, and mortality. Significant (P < 0.05) improvements in albumen quality were observed in the CASS treatment, although shell thickness of this treatment was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with the CONT treatment in wk 2 after the 14-d treatment. With respect to shell ultrastructural traits, the palisade layer of CASS eggs was shorter (P < 0.05) than that of CONT eggs determined in wk 2 after the 14-d treatment. In addition, evidence of abnormal mammillae was detected in an egg produced by the CASS hens. This research indicates that cassava diets can induce molt in hens. Nonetheless, the technique needs to be adjusted to improve postmolt egg production and shell quality.

Suplementação de touros com sabões cálcicos de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e qualidade seminal pré e pós-congelação

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate semen quality of bulls supplemented with calcium soaps of fatty acids polyunsaturated. Twenty Angus, Brangus, Hereford and Braford bulls were randomly allocated into two groups, each with ten animals. Each group received a diet consisting of forage, commercial ration, mineral supplements and supplement. Two supplements types were evaluated: functional supplement, with fatty acids polyunsaturated (PUFA) incorporation or energy supplement, with cassava meal (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) incorporation. During trial period the semen quality was evaluated using routine test (volume, concentration, mass motility, individual motility, sperm morphology) and complementary test: (hypo-osmotic test, giemsa/tripan-azul coloration and thermotolerance test). The semen of group bulls supplemented with commercial calcium soaps of PUFA (Megalac-E®) showed greater sperm motility (83.3% vs. 75.3%), percentage of sperm with intact acrosome (94.8% vs. 91.8%) and percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane (98.0% vs. 96.6%) when compared with semen of group bulls supplemented with cassava (P&lt;0.05). The supplement type did not affect semen volume, sperm concentration and testosterone concentration in blood (P&gt;0.05). There were interactions between treatment and collection period for percentage of normal sperm and percentage of spermatozoa with hypo-osmotic positive test (P&lt;0.05). The type of supplement did not affect sperm motility, the hypo-osmotic test and fast thermotolerance test after thawing (P&gt;0.05). PUFA calcium soaps supplementation increased percentage of spermatozoa with plasma membrane integrity (51.5 vs. 42.2%) and spermatozoa intact acrosome (48.0% vs. 39.2%) after thawing.

Effect of Iron-fortified ‘Gari’, Cassava Meal on Serum Iron, Hemoglobin Concentration and Total Iron-binding Capacity in Albino Wistar Rats

Effect of Iron-fortified ‘Gari’, Cassava Meal on Serum Iron, Hemoglobin Concentration and Total Iron-binding Capacity in Albino Wistar Rats

Development of a breakfast cereal using waste from cassava processing industry

Breakfast cereals are extruded products with high content of protein and carbohydrates, and can be enriched to increase their nutritional value. The study aimed to develop a high-fiber breakfast cereal from cassava residue, and to analyze the texture, fiber content and overall acceptability. The extrusion was performed in an extruder. Formulations were developed containing 0 and 20% of cassava meal. The fiber analysis was performed based on the Adolfo Lutz Institute methodology, the texture was analyzed in a texturometer, and the sensory analysis by affective testing was used to determine its acceptability. The formulation with cassava residue had an increase of over 10% in the fiber content. The formulations have showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in texture, and in the sensory analysis, in which cereals with cassava residue had an average of 7.54 of acceptability - the most accepted formulation.

Biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the TAG-rich plasma layer of American women

Biofortification of cassava with the provitamin A carotenoid β-carotene is a potential mechanism for alleviating vitamin A deficiency. Cassava is a staple food in the African diet, but data regarding the human bioavailability of β-carotene from this food are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate provitamin A-enhanced cassava as a source of β-carotene and vitamin A for healthy adult women. The study was a randomised, cross-over trial of ten American women. The subjects consumed three different porridges separated by 2 week washout periods. Treatment meals (containing 100 g cassava) included: biofortified cassava (2 mg β-carotene) porridge with added oil (15 ml peanut or rapeseed oil, 20 g total fat); biofortified cassava porridge without added oil (6 g total fat); unfortified white cassava porridge with a 0·3 mg retinyl palmitate reference dose and added oil (20 g total fat). Blood was collected six times from - 0·5 to 9·5 h post-feeding. TAG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) plasma was separated by ultracentrifugation and analysed using HPLC with coulometric array electrochemical detection. The AUC for retinyl palmitate increased after the biofortified cassava meals were fed (P< 0·05). Vitamin A conversion was 4·2 (sd 3·1) and 4·5 (sd 3·1) μg β-carotene:1 μg retinol, with and without added oil, respectively. These results show that biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and retinyl palmitate TRL plasma concentrations in healthy well-nourished adult women, suggesting that it is a viable intervention food for preventing vitamin A deficiency.

Farelo de mandioca na ensilagem de capim-elefante: fracionamento de carboidratos e proteínas e características fermentativas

Objetivou-se determinar as frações que compõem os carboidratos e as proteínas, bem como as características fermentativas da silagem de capim-elefante, sem e com emurchecimento, e acrescida de farelo de mandioca. Foi adotado o esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições no delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os fatores avaliados foram níveis de farelo de mandioca (0; 7,5; 15 e 22,5% MN) e emurchecimento (sem e com). Foram usados silos de PVC, com 50 cm de altura e 10cm de diâmetro para a produção das silagens. As frações de CHO (A+B1 e B2) e as frações nitrogenadas B3 e C foram influenciadas pela associação do emurchecimento aos níveis de farelo de mandioca, o que não ocorreu com as frações nitrogenadas (A e B1+B2) das silagens. A adição de farelo de mandioca reduziu linearmente a fração C dos carboidratos. No que concerne às características fermentativas das silagens, o pH apresentou comportamento quadrático. O nitrogênio amoniacal apresentou comportamento quadrático e linear decrescente para as silagens sem e com emurchecimento, respectivamente. A utilização do farelo de mandioca reduz a fração B2 e a porção de carboidratos indisponíveis. As principais frações proteicas das silagens estudadas são as frações A e B1+B2. O emurchecimento e a adição de farelo de mandioca melhoram o valor nutritivo e as características fermentativas das silagens estudadas.

Starch source in high concentrate rations does not affect rumen pH, histamine and lipopolysaccharide concentrations in dairy cows

The replacement of ground corn by cassava meal on rumen pH, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and histamine concentrations under typical Thai feeding conditions (high concentrate diets and rice straw as the sole source of roughage) was investigated. Four rumen-fistulated crossbred Holstein, non-pregnant, dry cows were randomly assigned to the four experimental rations in a 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Each period consisted of a 14-d run-in/wash out period, followed by a 7-d experimental period. During the run-in/wash out period, the cows were offered 5.4kg DM of concentrate containing 4.6% cassava meal and rice straw was provided ad libitum. During the 7 day of each experimental period, cows were offered 10.5kg DM of concentrate containing either 4.6% or 18.3% or 32.4% or 46.2% cassava meal and 1.5kg of rice straw. Irrespective of dietary treatments, rumen total VFA and lactate concentrations were significantly affected by sampling day, which were significantly higher on day 1 versus days 3 and 7 of the experimental periods. Mean postprandial rumen pH was reduced to values <5.6 for at least 6h on days 3 and 7 of each experimental period. However, the relationship between rumen pH, total VFA and lactate concentrations was not straight forward. Rumen LPS and histamine concentrations were not affected by either ground corn or cassava mean, but values significantly increased from day 1 to 7 of each experimental period with the values ranging from 10.3×103 to 40.3×103EU/ml and 11.5 to 33.2μM, respectively. Both plasma LPS and histamine concentrations were below the detection limit. It can be concluded that the amount of concentrate but not the replacement of ground corn by cassava meal, affect rumen pH, rumen fluid concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, lactate, histamine and LPS. Irrespective of the dietary treatments, the results suggested that a low rumen pH is associated with an increase in rumen histamine and LPS concentration, which is not accompanied by an increase in plasma histamine or LPS concentration.

The effects of additives in napier grass silages on chemical composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation.

The effect of silage additives on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silages was studied. Napier grass silages were made with no additive, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB), molasses or cassava meal. The ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling Napier grass silages in airtight plastic pouches for 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 45 d. The effect of Napier grass silages treated with these additives on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial rumen fermentation was determined in 4 fistulated cows using 4×4 Latin square design. The pH value of the treated silages rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 d of the start of fermentation, as compared to the control. Lactic acid content of silages treated with FJLB was stable at 14 d of fermentation and constant until 45 d of ensiling. At 45 d of ensiling, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of silage treated with cassava meal were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the others. In the feeding trial, the intake of silage increased (p<0.05) in the cow fed with the treated silage. Among the treatments, dry matter intake was the lowest in the silage treated with cassava meal. The organic matter, crude protein and NDF digestibility of the silage treated with molasses was higher than the silage without additive and the silage treated with FJLB. The rumen parameters: ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and bacterial populations were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, these studies confirmed that the applying of molasses improved fermentative quality, feed intake and digestibility of Napier grass.

Penggunaan Onggok sebagai Sumber Energi dalam Ransum Sapi

The utilization of cassava meal residues as energy source in dairy cows rationABSTRACT. The dairy farmer in the rural village, usually use rice brain and coconut meat kernels as the energy source, although coconut meat kernels is less palatable and too expensive. It is, therefore, important to seek for the other materials which are locally available and inexpensive. An experiment had carried out, using five lactating dairy cows in a Change Over Design as long as five periods. Each period lasted for 21 days, consisted of 14 days preliminary and seven days observation period. The animal function as column and the period as row, so that its 5 x 5 Latin Square. The treatment tested are five substitution levels of coconut meat kernels by cassava meal residues of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 percent dry matter ration respectively. The variables measured were : (1) ration digestibility and essential minerals balance; (2) daily milk production and milk composition; (3) rumen fermentation product. Based on the analysis of variance of all variables measured the experiment suggested that cassava meal residues can be used as the energy source to substitute coconut meat kernels in kernels in lactating dairy cattle ration of 5 up to 15 percent dry matter ration, without causing physiological disorder moreover, increases the milk composition.