Bicalutamide Research Articles

Pivalato de desoxicorticosterona no controle do hipoadrenocorticismo canino – relato de casos

Primary hypoadrenocorticism or Addison’s disease is an endocrinopathy involving glucocorticoid deficiency, commonly associated with mineralocorticoid deficiency. The most commonly used treatment for hormone replacement involves the combination of fludrocortisone and prednisone. Deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) has been shown in the literature to be superior in electrolyte control in patients with hypoadrenocorticism, and should always be associated with prednisone/prednisolona. In this study, we report the benefit of DOCP and the two-stage dose adjustment protocol for this drug in 2 different cases. There was superior efficacy in electrolyte control and reduction of side effects with the DOCP and prednisolone protocol compared to the use of fludrocortisone in both patients.

RELATO DE CASO DE INFARTO ESPLÊNICO EM UMA CRIANÇA COM ATRESIA BILIAR

This case report is intended to describe a rare case of splenic infarction (SI) associated with biliary atresia, which contributed to the worsening of the prognosis. In this case study, a boy diagnosed with biliary atresia underwent the Kasai procedure at the age of 3 months. The patient presented an intense abdominal pain, ascites and fever at the age of 6 years. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed enlargement of the spleen and an image suggestive of SI. The symptoms improved with the administration of antibiotics, analgesics, while ascites decreased with the use of diuretics. Liver transplantation was indicated. SI is an extremely rare event characterized by vessel occlusion, parenchymal ischemia and tissue necrosis. The symptoms are non-specific and may be confounding factors with other causes of acute abdominal pain. Splenomegaly-inducing diseases may be a risk factor. There are few case reports of SI and cirrhosis of different etiologies in childhood. Abdominal CT scan with intravenous contrast is the imaging modality of choice and the treatment ranges from supportive care to splenectomy. Despite being a rare condition, its knowledge is extremely important, as it allows early clinical suspicion, with immediate institution of treatment, which may interfere with the prognosis.

SÍNDROME NEFRÓTICA CONGÊNITA SECUNDÁRIA À INFECÇÃO CONGÊNITA: UM RELATO DE CASO

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare glomerular disease characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and generalized edema that manifests in the first 3 months of life. This report describes the case of a patient with congenital nephrotic syndrome secondary to congenital infection in a pediatric patient. The article aims to sensitize pediatricians to the pathology and its etiologies, considering that clinical suspicion allows for better therapeutic management of affected patients and the prevention of potential sequelae.

Agenesia dorsal pancreática: um relato de caso

Agenesia dorsal pancreática: um relato de caso

SÍNDROME DE PRUNE BELLY COM FÍSTULA VESICOCUTÂNEA: RELATO DE CASO RARO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare complex malformation that preferentially affects male newborns. It presents with a wide spectrum of alterations that include abdominal muscle deficiency, varying degrees of renal dysplasia and urinary tract obstruction, in addition to bilateral cryptorchidism. In general, it is associated with other developmental anomalies, mainly of cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal origin. Despite numerous advances in the treatment of complex malformations, morbidity and mortality in PBS remains high, due to early renal failure and associated malformations. This is a case report of a male newborn, inserted in a complex social context, born by vaginal delivery, premature, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 1 day. At the initial assessment in the delivery room, he presented: male external genitalia, bilateral cryptorchidism, flabby and hollowed abdomen, parchment skin suggestive of the absence of abdominal muscles, mild respiratory effort and bradycardia. He received positive pressure ventilation and was referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (UTIn) where a vesicocutaneous fistula and renal failure were found, despite the vesicostomy, progressing to death at 1 month and 1 day of chronological age. Complex congenital malformations, such as PBS, require individualized assessment so that better postnatal results are achieved. However, the limitation of therapeutic care must be carefully evaluated, considering the great morbidity that accompanies these patients. This article aims to describe a rare case of PBS, detailing the evolution of patients with this malformation.

Doença de Alzheimer: um estudo de caso sobre o transtorno neurocognitivo que mais afeta idosos

Abstract Objective To analyze the clinical evolution of a patient affected by Alzheimer's disease and discuss the repercussions of an early diagnosis. Method Instrumental case study of qualitative and descriptive type that was developed in three stages: 1) selection and delimitation of the case; 2) collection of data in the field; and 3) organization and writing of the report. This study is based on the analysis of the clinical evolution described in the medical records of a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, treated and followed-up by the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS), for a period of 10 years, in the Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe region. Results This study was conducted with the patient M.R., female, 71 years old, married, housewife, with incomplete elementary education, carrier of AD and hypothyroidism, who started her follow-up at CAPS II on September 10, 2012. Patient submitted to the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), with a result of 14 points in the first test, below the cut-off point for the patient's level of education. Later, in 2018, she scored 10 points on the MMSE, and in 2020 she scored 11, already under medication treatment for AD: memantine 10mg 2x/day and donepezilla 5mg 1x/day. Conclusion Early diagnosis of AD is extremely important for appropriate treatment to slow the progression of the disease. However, mental disorders such as depression are barriers in the initial clinical analysis of patients and in some cases presents itself as a prodrome for AD.

DIAFRAGMA MUCOSO PRÉ-PILÓRICO CURSANDO COM VÔMITOS DE REPETIÇÃO EM RECÉM-NASCIDO - RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Objective: To report the case of a newborn with a pre-pyloric mucosal diaphragm with repercussions on weight gain and food acceptance. This is a rare congenital gastrointestinal malformation and corresponds to approximately 1% of all etiologies of gastrointestinal obstruction in newborns. Description: Female NB, started post-feeding vomiting at 4 hours of life. Multiple attempts of oral feeding reintroduction were performed, episodes of post-feeding vomiting and inadequate weight gain were maintained. Imaging exams did not show intestinal obstruction, an upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) was performed on the 19th day of life, which identified and corrected a pre-pyloric mucous diaphragm with transposition of the membrane by the device. Formula was reintroduced, with a gradual increase in supply and satisfactory weight gain. He was discharged at 24 days of life, with total acceptance of the diet and complete remission of the condition. Comments: This study shows that it is important to consider the performance of UDE in cases of prolonged neonatal vomiting, after excluding more prevalent causes, such as APLV and GERD, as it is capable of diagnosing and treating some causes of obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the diaphragm prepyloric mucosa.

SÍNDROME DE PRUNE BELLY COM FÍSTULA VESICOCUTÂNEA: RELATO DE CASO RARO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA

Prune Belly syndrome (PBS) is a rare complex malformation that preferentially affects male newborns. It presents with a wide spectrum of alterations that include abdominal muscle deficiency, varying degrees of renal dysplasia and urinary tract obstruction, in addition to bilateral cryptorchidism. In general, it is associated with other developmental anomalies, mainly of cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal origin. Despite numerous advances in the treatment of complex malformations, morbidity and mortality in PBS remains high, due to early renal failure and associated malformations. This is a case report of a male newborn, inserted in a complex social context, born by vaginal delivery, premature, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 1 day. At the initial assessment in the delivery room, he presented: male external genitalia, bilateral cryptorchidism, flabby and hollowed abdomen, parchment skin suggestive of the absence of abdominal muscles, mild respiratory effort and bradycardia. He received positive pressure ventilation and was referred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (UTIn) where a vesicocutaneous fistula and renal failure were found, despite the vesicostomy, progressing to death at 1 month and 1 day of chronological age. Complex congenital malformations, such as PBS, require individualized assessment so that better postnatal results are achieved. However, the limitation of therapeutic care must be carefully evaluated, considering the great morbidity that accompanies these patients. This article aims to describe a rare case of PBS, detailing the evolution of patients with this malformation.

PNEUMOTÓRAX ESPONTÂNEO COMO MANIFESTAÇÃO INICIAL DE INFLUENZA A (H1N1) EM PEDIATRIA, RELATO DE CASO

Objective: To report on a case of a child with influenza subtype A H1N1 who exhibited a spontaneous pneumothorax as an initial manifestation of the illness. Case Description: A 8-year-old male patient experienced a dry cough in the 24 hours prior developed dyspnea, productive cough, tachypnea, tachycardia, and subcutaneous emphysema. Upon admission to the emergency ward, the patient was tachycardic with bilaterally palpable subcutaneous emphysema in the thoracic wall, was reliant on an oxygen mask, and experienced drops in arterial oxygen saturation. Chest and lung examinations revealed coarse crackles, expiratory wheezing, and suprasternal retraction. Patient received a corticosteroid, a bronchodilator, and an antibiotic. Imaging exams revealed bilateral pneumothoraces and bilateral subcutaneous emphysema. Patient was hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Bilateral chest drainage was installed; intubation and mechanical ventilation were initiated. On the sixth day after admission, the test for A/H1N1 came back positive. Patient was released from the Pediatric ICU on the ninth day and was released from the hospital the following day without symptoms. Comments: A pneumothorax as an early manifestation of A/H1N1 is a rare occurrence in children. This case reflects the need for broader differential diagnostic options in children with spontaneous pneumothoraces.

HIPOTIREOIDISMO CONGÊNITO DIAGNOSTICADO NO SEXTO DIA DE VIDA: UM RELATO DE CASO.

Introduction - Congenital hypothyroidism results from insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones, which are related to the maturation of the central nervous system, being the main cause of preventable intellectual disability in childhood. The diagnosis can be suspected from the neonatal screening test, revealing its importance, since most cases are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic at birth with nonspecific manifestations, as well as the classic manifestations become evident only later, causing neurological damage. Objective - describe a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism on the sixth day of life, screened through the neonatal screening test, with subsequent laboratory confirmation, highlighting points of diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow-up, avoiding the progression of late diagnosis. Case report - male patient, born through normal delivery without complications, who developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia at the first hours of life, treatment resistant. The patient presented alterations compatible with congenital hypothyroidism in the neonatal screening test, with subsequent confirmation through laboratory tests. Thyroglobulin replacement was started on the seventh day of life, with progressive improvement in hypoglycemia and favorable clinical evolution throughout the first months of life. Conclusion - Congenital hypothyroidism is the main cause of preventable intellectual disability in childhood, it must be diagnosed as early as possible, demonstrating the importance of neonatal screening tools. After the institution of appropriate treatment and clinical follow-up, the evolution is favorable, avoiding the drastic progression of late diagnosis.

Reflexiones legales y bioéticas sobre el caso de Karen Quinlan 35 años después de su fallecimiento

Reflexiones legales y bioéticas sobre el caso de Karen Quinlan 35 años después de su fallecimiento

Bicalutamide Anticancer Activity Enhancement by Formulation of Soluble Inclusion Complexes with Cyclodextrins.

Bicalutamide (BCL) is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug that represents an alternative to castration in the treatment of prostate cancer, due to its relatively long half-life and tolerable side effects. However, it possesses a very low water solubility that can affect its oral bioavailability. In this work, we developed inclusion complexes of BCL with the highly soluble hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CyD) to increase the water solubility and anticancer activity of BCL. The inclusion complexes were prepared using the freeze-drying method and were then characterized in a solid state via differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray analysis and in solution via phase-solubility studies and UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy. The BCL/HP-β-CyD and BCL/SBE-β-CyD inclusion complexes were amorphous and rapidly dissolved in water. Both the 1H-NMR spectra and molecular modeling studies confirmed the penetration of the 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile ring of BCL within the cavity of both cyclodextrins (CyDs). Due to the consistent improvement of the water solubility of BCL, the inclusion complexes showed higher antiproliferative activity toward the human prostate androgen-independent cell lines, DU-145 and PC-3, with respect to free BCL. These results demonstrate the ability of HP-β-CyD and SBE-β-CyD to complex BCL, permitting the realization of liquid formulations with potentially high oral bioavailability and/or possible parenteral administration.

PLANEJAMENTO EM AQUISIÇÕES DE MATERIAIS MÉDICO-HOSPITALARES: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA DIVISÃO DE SUPRIMENTOS DO INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CÂNCER JOSÉ ALENCAR GOMES DA SILVA – INCA

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos profissionais responsáveis pelo planejamento de aquisição de materiais médico-hospitalares. Como estratégia de pesquisa utilizou-se do método de estudo de caso único a partir do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) como unidade de pesquisa, numa abordagem qualitativa de natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizando como fontes de evidências o levantamento documental, a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada com profissionais da instituição. A área investiga foi responsável por 39,69% do uso do orçamento da instituição (R$ 166,9 milhões) no ano de 2019 para aquisição de materiais médico-hospitalares, tendo a figura do planejador de compras como ator fundamental nas etapas desse tipo de aquisição. Com isso, apresentou-se um quadro-síntese dos problemas relatados pelos planejadores de compras na condução de suas atividades, correlacionando-os com as soluções colocadas das quais se destacam: melhorar os prazos de processos administrativos; combater a falta de mão de obra qualificada; e melhorar a eficiência de sistema informações de dados logísticos.

El proceso de cambio en las organizaciones y su efecto. El caso de una Organización

Private security organizations have been scarcely studied, starting from the perspective of Organizational Studies, the case of a Mexican business organization dedicated to this activity is analyzed. The objective of this article is to analyze how and why organizational change is carried out in a private security organization. The methodology used is qualitative, using the case study as a research strategy. The main results are that the processes of change in the organization were necessary due to factors of the external and internal environment, related to feasibility and decision making, it was found that the involvement and constant participation of the members of the organization is required —agents of change— and of intention and perception, elements that have allowed the change to be successful as planned. In this case the changeis found within the theories of teleology and the life cycle.

Utilization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of bicalutamide from water and spiked human plasma

Herein, a green dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was developed for the enrichment of bicalutamide (BIC) from water and spiked human plasma. Six hydrophobic and three hydrophilic DESs were synthesized and evaluated. The hydrophilic DES, composed of tetrabutylammonium bromide and acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2, was used as a dispersive solvent. Moreover, the hydrophobic DES, composed of borneol and capric acid in a molar ratio of 1:2, was applied as an extracting solvent. Significant factors affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated through the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) strategy. The optimized method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, and matrix effect. Good linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.9999 and 0.9987) was achieved as well as low limits of detection of 0.022 and 0.048 μg/mL and preconcentration up to 53.2 and 92.1 folds for water and plasma, respectively. The proposed DLLME method was coupled with spectrophotometric detection and applied for the analysis of BIC in river water and spiked human plasma with satisfactory recoveries (92.54–99.39%). Finally, the greenness of the developed procedure was evaluated using Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (ComplexGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREEprep) tools, exhibiting excellent greenness in comparison to the previously reported methods.

Modeling total predation to avoid perverse outcomes from cat control in a data-poor island ecosystem.

Data hungry, complex ecosystem models are often used to predict the consequences of threatened species management, including perverse outcomes. Unfortunately, this approach is impractical in many systems, which have insufficient data to parameterize ecosystem interactions or reliably calibrate or validate such models. Here we demonstrate a different approach, using a minimum realistic model to guide decisions in data- and resource-scarce systems. We illustrate our approach with a case-study in an invaded ecosystem from Christmas Island, Australia, where there are concerns that cat eradication to protect native species, including the red-tailed tropicbird, could release meso-predation by invasive rats. We use biophysical constraints (metabolic demand) and observable parameters (e.g. prey preferences) to assess the combined cat and rat abundances which would threaten the tropicbird population. We find that the population of tropicbirds cannot be sustained if predated by 1607 rats (95% credible interval (CI) [103, 5910]) in the absence of cats, or 21 cats (95% CI [2, 82]) in the absence of rats. For every cat removed from the island, the bird's net population growth rate improves, provided that the rats do not increase by more than 77 individuals (95% CI [30, 174]). Thus, in this context, one cat is equivalent to 30-174 rats. Our methods are especially useful for on-the-ground predator control in the absence of knowledge of predator-predator interactions, to assess whether 1) the current abundance of predators threatens the prey population of interest, 2) managing one predator species alone is sufficient to protect the prey species given potential release of another predator, and 3) control of multiple predator species is needed to meet the conservation goal. Our approach demonstrates how to use limited information for maximum value in data-poor systems, by shifting the focus from predicting future trajectories, to identifying conditions which threaten the conservation goal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets of bicalutamide and koenimbine

This work is about developing, optimizing, and testing In vitro a bilayer tablet with Koenimbine (KNB) in the immediate release layer and bicalutamide (BCT) in the sustained release layer. Sodium starch glycolate is used as a super disintegrant in the immediate release layer, and the hydrophilic matrix HPMC-K100 is used in the sustained release layer. Bilayer tablet showed initial burst effect to provide dose of immediate release layer Koenimbine to control the acid secretion level and the sustained release of bicalutamide for 24 hours. The prepared bilayer tablet was tested for its precompression parameters, physical properties like hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, uniformity of drug content, swelling index, and In-vitro drug release. In 45 minutes, 100.37 ± 0.35 percent of the Koenimbine in the immediate release layer was found to be released. In 24 hours, 98.32% of the bicalutamide in the layer with slow release was found to have been released. Koenimbine makes bicalutamide work better. So, bilayer tablets of koenimbine and bicalutamide were used to get more patients to take their medicine so that prostate cancer could be treated better.

Simulating androgen receptor selection in designer yeast

Androgen receptor (AR) mutation is closely associated with prostate cancer (PCa) and is one of the mechanisms of resistance to PCa therapies such as AR antagonists. Although sequencing technologies like next-generation sequencing (NGS) contributes to the high-throughput and precise detection of AR mutations carried by PCa patients, the lack of interpretations of these clinical genetic variants has still been a roadblock for PCa-targeted precision medicine. Here, we established a designer yeast reporter assay to simulate natural androgen receptor (AR) selection using AR antagonists. Yeast HIS3 gene transactivation was associated with the ligand-induced recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) by AR mutants, where yeast growth in histidine-free medium was determined as the outcome. This assay is applicable to determine a wide range of clinical AR mutants including those with loss of function relating to androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), and those associated with PCa conferring resistance to AR antagonists such as enzalutamide (ENZ), bicalutamide (BIC), and cyproterone acetate (CPA). One clinical AR mutant previously reported to confer ENZ-resistance, F877L, was found to confer partial resistance to CPA as well using designer yeast. Our simple and efficient assay can enable precise one-pot screening of AR mutants, providing a reference for tailored medicine.

Realidade virtual como ferramenta de intervenção para os membros superiores na doença de Parkinson: série de casos

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which dopaminergic loss occurs in the basal nuclei region. One major complaint associated with PD is upper extremity motor deficits (UE), frequently reported in difficulties to perform activities of daily living (ADL), which may negatively affect quality of life. In recent years new technologies have emerged to assist the UE rehabilitation process in PD, such as virtual reality. Therefore, this study sought to verify the effects of an intervention in the UE with semi-immersive virtual reality equipment on ADLs and quality of life of individuals with PD. Six individuals with PD were selected for intervention, and evaluated by the Mini Mental State Examination, the Hoehn & Yahr Scale, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the test d’évaluation des membres supérieurs de personnes âgées (TEMPA). The interventions lasted 27 minutes per session, twice per week, for 5 weeks, using the Leap Motion Controller. Individuals showed improvement in muscle strength, muscle endurance, ADLs, and quality of life, all statistically significant. In conclusion, the protocol based on virtual reality applied to the upper limbs effectively improved the activities of daily living and quality of life in individuals with PD.

La participación de los indígenas amazónicos en los procesos electorales en el Perú. El caso de las elecciones presidenciales de 2011, 2016 y 2021

Through the analysis of the participation of the Amazonian indigenous peoples in the presidential elections of 2011, 2016, and 2021, this article illustrates how, two hundred years after Peru´s political independence, they are still excluded from full-fledged citizenship. In the first part, it addresses the main obstacles to defining and measuring the indigenous vote, as well as the reasons that hinder adequate indigenous electoral participation. It then discusses the relationship between the Amazonian peoples and the national political parties, the experience of MIAP, and the formal restrains for the creation of an indigenous party. Finally, it analyzes the participation and electoral results in 22 districts located in the Peruvian Amazon region with a majority of the indigenous population. The data used comes from the Peruvian electoral institutions: the National Elections Jury (JNE), the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE), the official web portal Infogob of the JNE, and the National Censuses of 2007 and 2017. As part of an ongoing long-term research project, it includes data related to previous presidential elections as well as data from local and regional electoral processes. Moreover, it includes data from interviews with indigenous leaders and ethnographic observations.