Cash Flow Components Research Articles

Decomposing uncertainty: How foreign policy risks shape Chinese stock market dynamics

This study examines the transmission mechanism of foreign economic policy uncertainty (FEPU) on the Chinese stock market from 1997 to 2022, using a vector autoregressive adaptation of the dividend discount model. By decomposing excess returns into cash flow (CF), excess return (ER), and risk-free rate (RF) components, we disentangle the effects of FEPU shocks on these distinct factors.Our findings indicate that FEPU primarily leads to a significant but temporary overestimation of impacts on cash flows and excess returns, with the market typically correcting itself after an initial overreaction. This pattern suggests a complex interplay between investor sentiment and market dynamics. Notably, trade stability amplifies the impact on CF, while closer monetary policy coordination enhances the transmission to RF and ER expectations. Additionally, economic cycles play a moderating role: downturns exacerbate the negative impacts on CF and RF, while bullish conditions foster resilience. Investor sentiment emerges as a crucial factor, with negative sentiment intensifying FEPU's adverse effects during economic contractions.This research contributes a detailed perspective on how international relations, policy harmonization, and market psychology collectively influence FEPU transmission and affect China's financial stability amidst global uncertainties. Our decomposition method illuminates the dynamic forces that drive market reactions over time, offering critical insights for refining risk management strategies and crafting policy measures that buffer the financial system against external economic shocks.

Impact of capital structure and free cash flow on the efficiency of energy firms in Saudi Arabia

The components of free cash flow and a firm’s capital structure affect the value of the firm. A firm with efficient cash management and optimum capital structure tends to have a better firm value. The current study examines the effect of capital structure and free cash flow on energy firms’ efficiency in Saudi Arabia. The data required for analysis were collected from a sample of seven energy companies from 2014 through 2022. The study used Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of energy firms. Further, the simple regression and Generalized Linear Model were used to estimate the results. The study reports an average efficiency score of 1.13 for the energy companies, showing an efficiency increase. The results of simple regression are consistent with the results of the Generalized Linear Model. The study findings demonstrate that the association of firms’ capital structure is positive and significant (with a coefficient of 41.60, significant at a p-value of 0.01) to the efficiency of Saudi Arabian energy firms. Further, current research results indicate that firms’ free cash flows negatively affect the efficiency (with a coefficient of –0.79 and insignificant) of Saudi Arabian energy firms with no evidence. Therefore, the study accepts the association of free cash flow and firms’ efficiency as positive and rejects the alternative hypothesis that there is a negative association between free cash flow and efficiency in Saudi Arabian energy firms. AcknowledgmentThe researcher extends appreciation to Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University for funding this research through the project number 2023/02/25856.

Determinants of UK companies’ dividend policy

This study examines the major factors influencing UK companies listed on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) 100 stock market's dividend policy (as determined by the dividend payout ratio) over 32 years, from 1990 to 2022. The dividend premium and free cash flow components make up the catering dividend. The outcomes of a wide range of panel data analysis regressions, such as Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regressions, clearly show that the catering dividend significantly impacts UK firms' dividend policy. On the other hand, the dividend policy benefits from the dividend premium, which increases it by 12% to 17% on average. Free cash flow, on the other hand, has a negligible negative impact on the dividend policy by just 5%. It is crucial to mention that this outcome varies depending on the models and regression techniques used. Furthermore, this study emphasizes how important it is for a firm's size and profitability to play a key role in determining how it will implement its dividend policy. Financial leverage also becomes important since a company's dividend payment ratio decreases when it relies more heavily on debt in its capital structure. By using GMM and 2SLS regressions, this study carefully tackles the endogeneity issue, and the results hold up even when the endogeneity effect is reduced. Ultimately, this study emphasizes how important dividend catering components are in guiding UK companies' dividend policies, arguing that CEOs and legislators should pay more attention to this.

Fearing the Fed: How wall street reads main street

We provide strong evidence of a countercyclical sensitivity of the stock market to major macroeconomic announcements. The most notable cyclical variation takes place within expansions: sensitivity is largest early in an expansion and essentially zero late in an expansion. By exploiting the comovement pattern between stocks and bonds around announcements, we show that the stock market sensitivity is large when the cash flow component of news is least offset by news about future risk-free rates. Observed fluctuations in stock sensitivities can be attributed to shifting perceptions of monetary policy responsiveness.

Understanding The Cash Flow Impact on Financial Distress among Hospitality Listed Firms Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Indonesia

This study investigates the relationship between cash flow variables and financial distress among hospitality companies listed on the Indonesian stock market between 2017 and 2022. Analysis focused on Operating Cash Flow (OCF), Investment Cash Flow (ICF), and Financial Cash Flow (FCF) to discern their individual and combined impacts on financial distress.
 The findings reveal that each cash flow variable—OCF, ICF, and FCF—exerts a significant influence on financial distress when considered independently. This supports hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, signifying their substantial role in shaping the financial health of these companies. Additionally, the collective effect of these cash flow variables, as evidenced by the F-test, demonstrates a noteworthy combined impact on financial distress. In summary, this study highlights the intricate interplay between cash flow dynamics and financial distress among Indonesian-listed private companies. While each cash flow component independently affects financial stability, their cumulative influence significantly determines vulnerability to financial distress. This underscores the critical need for comprehensive cash flow management strategies to mitigate financial risks and ensure sustained financial health in these entities amidst economic uncertainties.

Accounting similarities, sophisticated investors, relevance and information asymmetry

Information asymmetry is a phenomenon in the capital market that can be caused by various factors. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on whether information asymmetry can be affected by factors such as accounting comparability, sophisticated investors, and relevance, and therefore, its value-relevance for decision-making. The paper uses three methods criteria for information asymmetry (VOLTRADE, PNSY and bid-ask spread) as well as two methods for measuring accounting comparability (text mining and De-Franco). Therefore, it is feasible to test and compare different methods of accounting comparability with different methods of information asymmetry. The results of the study indicate that the comparability of accounting practises has a notable adverse impact on information asymmetry. Additionally, it was observed that sophisticated investors have the ability to moderate this relationship. We find that relevance has significant relation with information asymmetry. Furthermore, it has been determined that comparability exerts a substantial influence on information asymmetry within an imperfectly competitive market, as opposed to a market characterised by perfect competition. Therefore, these findings underscore the significance of considering market conditions and competition levels in the issue. Ultimately, our findings indicate that the cash flow component of comparability exerts a notable impact on information asymmetry, in contrast to the accrual component. This study provides new insights regarding the nexus between accounting comparability and financial asymmetry.

The Ability of The Direct Method Operating Cash Flow Components in Predicting Future Cash Flows and Dividens (in Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021)

This research is associative research with a quantitative approach which aims to analyze the ability of the direct method operating cash flow components in predicting future cash flows and dividends in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021 period. The samples used in this study were 32 companies. Sampling used technique purposive sampling. The analytical method used is panel data regression. The data is tested using software Eviews 10. Operating cash flow proxied by cash inflows and cash outflows had a significant impact on predicting future cash flows in the first model study, as evidenced by partial testing with the t test. However, the second model study's findings demonstrate that operating cash flow, as proxied by cash inflows and cash outflows, has no significant impact on predicting future dividends.

Pengaruh Komponen Arus Kas dan Laba Kotor terhadap Harga Saham (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2017)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of cash flow components and gross profit on stock prices. The population in this study is the automotive sub-sector and components listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2013-2017 period. The sampling method used is the purpose sampling method with a sample of 8 companies for 5 consecutive years of observation so that the total sample is 40. The method of analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that operating cash flow and gross profit have no significant effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, investment cash flow and financing cash flow have a significant effect on stock prices. Meanwhile the cash flow components (operations, investment, funding and gross profit) have a simultaneous effect on stock prices.

Do Taxes Still Affect Earning Persistence?

While financial statements are the primary source of information about a firm, they tend to be under earnings management practices, namely to avoid paying tax. Therefore, we aim to examine whether taxes still affect earning persistence in an era of prevalent digital information. For that purpose, we use book–tax differences considering the deductible temporary differences and the taxable temporary differences. In addition, we analyze which of the two earnings components are more affected by taxes, specifically cash flow or accruals. We estimate econometric regressions using panel data to test our hypotheses. Through a sample of 421 small- and medium-sized (SME) Portuguese firms, between 2016 and 2020, we found empirical evidence that earning persistence tends to be lower when deductible temporary differences increase, while taxable temporary differences produce no statically significant effect. Furthermore, our results suggest that cash flow component increases more earning persistence than accruals. Therefore, deductible temporary difference may be an indicator of earnings management activities in these firms. These results are relevant, given the potential negative consequences of earnings management for the efficient decision making of stakeholders and even more because SMEs represent a substantial number of firms in European countries, particularly in Portugal.

Kemampuan Informasi Akuntansi dalam Memprediksi Arus Kas Masa Depan

This research is purposed to determine there is a relationship between the information content of accounting which measured by net profit and component of cash flow toward future of cash flow. Data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the database of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), which can be accessed through the official website www.idx.co.id. Independent variables used net profit before extraordinary items (X1), operating of cash flow (X2), investing of cash flow (X3), financing of cash flow (X4), and future of cash flow (Y) as dependent variable. Based on the result of research was found that (1) net profit before extraordinary items partially have a significant positive influence on the future cash flow, (2) operating of cash flow partially have a significant positive influence on the future of cash flow, (3) investing of cash flow partially do not have a significant positive influence on the future of cash flow, (4) financing of cash flow have a significant positive on the future of cash flow.

Do Cashflow Components and net profit affect earnings per share in the IDX-listed LQ-45 company?

The purpose of this study is to test the relationship between Cash Flow Component Disclosures and Net Income to Earnings Per Share in LQ-45 companies. The population in this study was LQ-45 companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange during the period 2017 to 2020 consisting of 28 companies. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. Multiple regression analysis is used to analyze the data. The results of this study Through multiple linear regression analysis, it is known that the components of cash flow and net profit affect earnings per share. Simultaneously independent variables show can jointly affect earnings per share.

The differential pricing of cash flows and total accruals

PurposeRecent studies on the securities market's differential pricing of earnings components indicate that cash flows from operations are valued more highly than extreme total accruals. However, no previous study has examined whether cash flows from operations have a higher valuation than moderate total accruals. Therefore, this study examines the securities market's differential pricing of cash flows from operations and both moderate and extreme total accruals.Design/methodology/approachThe study's sample is divided into two sub-samples: a moderate total accruals sub-sample; and an extreme total accruals sub-sample. To evaluate whether cash flows have a higher valuation when compared to total accruals, for the entire sample and for each of the two sub-samples, the study examines the statistical significance of the difference between slope coefficients of cash flows and total accruals for regression of returns on both unexpected cash flows from operations and unexpected total accruals.FindingsConsistent with prior research, results from the entire sample show a differential higher valuation of cash flows when compared to total accruals. Another finding, consistent with recent studies, is that cash flows from operations have a higher valuation when compared to extreme total accruals. However, there is no higher differential valuation of cash flows over moderate total accruals. These findings support the decomposition of earnings into the components of cash flows from operations and total accruals only when total accruals are extreme (rather than moderate).Practical implicationsA possible explanation for these results is that since accruals predict cash flows, total accruals – when moderate (i.e. not extreme) – are priced similarly to cash flows. These results reveal that when total accruals are moderate, earnings are a better proxy for the underlying cash flows (over the entire future horizon, not just the current period) than is cash flows. However, since total accruals are unlikely to persist in a permanent way over the years, these results indicate that the decomposition of earnings into the components of cash flows from operations and total accruals is consistent with the information set used to value equity securities. Therefore, separate disclosure of cash flows is value relevant. In addition, users of financial statements certainly need the cash flows information as an ex-post validation of the prior earnings.Originality/valueThis study's contribution stems from its determination of the preferred level of disaggregation of earnings components (i.e. operating cash flows and total accruals). This is expected to help investors in their attempt to enhance the outcome of their informed investment and credit decisions.

Forecasting real activity using cross-sectoral stock market information

Stock prices declined abruptly in the wake of the Covid-19, reflecting both the deterioration of investors’ expectations of profitability as well as the surge in risk aversion. In the following months however, economic activity remained sluggish while equity markets bounced back. This disconnect between equity values and macro-variables can be partially explained by other factors, namely the decline in risk-free interest rates, and -for the US- the strong earnings of the IT sector. As a result, an econometrician forecasting economic activity with aggregate stock market variables during the Covid-crisis is likely to get poor results. Our main contribution is thus to rely on sectorally disaggregated equity variables within a factor model in order to predict US economic activity. We find, first, that the factor model better predicts future economic activity compared to aggregate equity variables, or to conventional benchmarks used in the literature, both in-sample and out-of-sample. Second, we show that the strong performance of the factor model comes from the fact that it filters out the “expected returns” component of the sectoral equity variables as well as the foreign component of aggregate future cash flows. The constructed factor overweights upstream and “value” sectors that are found to be closely linked to the future state of the business cycle.

Pengaruh Laba Bersih, Komponen Arus Kas, Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Harga Saham Perusahaan Perbankan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This study aims to determine the effect of Net Profit, Cash Flow Components, and Firm Size on stock price of banking companies during the Pandemic Covid-19 (Case Study at conventional banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2020-2021). The data used in this study is panel data sourced from financial statements published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020-2021 period. The population in this study was a conventional bank for the 2020-2021 period, with the sampling method was purposive sampling so that the number of samples was 29 banks. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Data management uses the IBM SPSS Statistics program 25. The results of this study indicate that Net Profit, Operating Cash Flow, Investment Cash Flow, Funding Cash Flow, and Firm Size simultaneously effect on stock prices; Net Profit partially has a positive and significant effect on stock prices; Operating cash flow, Investment Cash Flow, Funding Cash Flow and Firm Size partially have no effect on stock prices.

THE EFFECT OF NET PROFIT, ACCOUNT PAYABLE, CASH TURNOVER AND INVENTORY TURNOVER ON OPERATIONAL CASH FLOW IN PT. MULIA

The company's financial statements are the final result of accounting activities (accounting cycle) that reflect the financial condition and results of the company's financial operations. are outside (external) the company. Therefore, financial statements can be used as a tool to communicate with the parties with the company's financial data (The dan Sugiono, 2015). Users of financial information include: investors, employees, creditors, suppliers, governments and the general public. The company's published financial statements are an important source of information for investors and creditors to be able to analyze the work of management in making profits and cash flows in the future (Simangunsong, et al, 2018). Users of financial statements such as investors and creditors are more interested in what will happen in the future. The company's performance parameters of concern are the components of cash flow and profit. The cash flow statement is one type of financial statement that has the entity's ability to generate cash flows in the future, the cash flow statement can be used as a tool to predict the company's future cash flows.
 Analysis of research data used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis model. Primary data were collected and obtained through observational interviews, documentation studies and literature studies, while secondary data were obtained from literature related to the research topic. The financial statements used as the object of research.
 The results showed that Net Profit had no effect on the Operating Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Accounts Payable has a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Cash Turnover has a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia, Inventory Turnover has no effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia Mulia Abadi and Net Profit, Accounts Payable, Cash Turnover and Inventory Turnover have a significant effect on the Operational Cash Flow of PT. Mulia.

The Role of Accruals Anomaly on Stock Market Return of Non-Financial Firms Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange

The accrual anomaly arises due to the market mispricing of the total accruals and their components and the investors fail to incorporate the differential persistence of the cash flow components and accruals of firm earnings. This study sought to determine the effect of accruals anomaly on stock market return of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study adopted positivism as data collection and hypothesis development and testing was achieved. The study used quantitative research design to correlate study variables using mathematical analysis methods. Correlation results indicate that accrual anomaly was negatively and significantly associated to stock market return of non-financial firms. Regression results for the static model indicate that accrual anomaly and stock market return of non-financial firms is negatively and significantly related. The results for the dynamic model indicate that accrual anomaly and stock market return is negatively and significantly related. The study concluded that accruals anomaly has a negative and significant effect on stock market return in non-financial firms on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The analysis concluded that the accrual anomaly has implications because firms with high reported accruals exhibit lower stock market returns. High valuations of the investors are related to accruals because of the accounting distortions. The study recommends that having knowledge regarding accrual toward stock return in the future will help the investors to minimize the earning prediction error so that investors can make appropriate decision making. The study recommends for the investors to implement the investment strategy, which to short (sell) low accrual stocks and long (buy) high accrual stocks in Nairobi Securities Exchange with prediction that the stock gains higher return in the future based on the prevailing investor projections. Keywords: Accruals Anomaly, Stock Market Return & Non-Financial Firms Listed

Comparison of the Accuracy of Direct and Indirect Methods of Cash Flow Models in Predicting Future Profits

Financial reports are part of the financial reporting process. Complete financial statements usually include balance sheets, income statements, statements of changes in financial position (which can be presented in various ways, for example, as cash flow statements, or cash flow statements), notes and other reports and explanatory material that are an integral part of the financial statements. . The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence whether a model with a direct cash flow component has a more accurate predictive ability than a model with an indirect cash flow component to predict future earnings. The parameters of this research model were estimated using panel data regression. This study considers 4 regression methods of penel data, namely (1) linear regression model (OLS), (2) covariance model (FEM), (3) error components (ECM) model, (4) time series autocorrelation model (GLS) ( Thiono, 2007). The results of the analysis of this study are the direct method cash flow component is more accurate than the indirect method cash flow component in predicting future earnings in manufacturing companies, finding that the direct method component is more accurate than the indirect method. Then for the cash flow component model the direct method is more accurate than the model with the indirect method cash flow component in predicting future earnings in non-manufacturing companies, finding that the cash flow components of the direct method and the indirect method do not differ in their accuracy in predicting future earnings.

The role of operating cash flow and accrual components of earnings in improving the predictive ability of earning

The prediction of Cash flow is involved in a number of economic decisions, particularly in investment. Previous research conducted in the United States has provided inconsistency in the results of investigating accounting data, cash flow and accrual accounting data in predicting future cash flows. Few researches were detected addressing the prediction of cash flow in an Egyptian context. This research aims to test the ability of accounting earnings versus cash flows and accruals to predict future cash flows for a sample listed firms in the Egyptian stock exchange. To achieve this objective, a sample of 102 firms from 14 different sectors was collected from year 2012 to 2017 (585 observations after excluding outliers).The empirical results show that past earnings, cash flows and accrual component of earnings can be used to predict future cash flows of Egyptian listed companies and cash flows have better predictive power than past earnings. Additionally, the cash flow model and the cash flow and accrual components of earnings model have better predictive power than the earnings model. The findings of testing the models in an out-of-sample period suggest that the cash flow model is a better predictor of future cash flows than the other models.

Tinjauan Literatur Tentang Penelitian Arus Kas di Indonesia Periode 2017-2019

The purpose of this study is to identify and classify research articles on cash flow that have been studied in Indonesia from 2017 - 2019. This research uses the literature review method by collecting and reviewing articles published in the Garuda Ristekdikti database journal in 2017- 2019 where “Cash Flow” was the keyword in article searches. This research can identify and classify the literature on cash flow research systematically so that it can provide an overview and overview of the studies that have been carried out and identify emerging research to be followed up in the future. The findings of the literature review on cash flow research are grouping articles of cash flow as many as 38, operating cash flow as much as 49, investment cash flow as much as 17, funding cash flow as much as 20, free cash flow as much as 15 and future cash flow as many as 13 articles. The classification shows that the cash flow variable and cash flow components can be connected with other independent variables as independent, dependent and intervening variables.

An Analysis of the Sources of Value Loss Following Financial Restatements

We decompose the total value loss around firms’ announcements of financial restatements into components arising from investors’ revisions in cash flows and discount rates. First, relative to population benchmarks, restatements represent circumstances in which the cash flow component becomes more important in explaining valuations. While we find significant contributions from both sources, with the cash flow component explaining more than 33% of the variation in stock returns surrounding restatement announcements, this component explains only 13% to 22% in comparable non-restating firms. When restatements are caused by underlying financial fraud, the discount rate impact becomes more important, explaining about 88% of return variation. On the contrary, the cash flow impact is relatively larger for firms with higher earnings persistence or restatements associated with errors. Our decomposition of the value loss helps explain returns in the post-announcement period. Firms with a higher relative discount rate impact experience a significant downward stock price drift after the initial announcement-related price decline. For firms with a higher relative cash flow impact, the evidence suggests the initial impact of the restatement announcement is more complete with no subsequent drift pattern. Our findings close gaps in the evidence on financial restatements and extend the literature on the drivers of stock price movements.