Cash Aid Research Articles

Eligibility Recipients Determination of El-Nino Direct Cash Aid Using C4.5 Algorithm

The El Nino phenomenon, which causes increased temperatures and prolonged drought, is predicted to continue to hit Indonesia until the end of 2023. The significant impacts of El Nino include reducing the productivity of agricultural products, including food crops such as rice. This condition will certainly greatly affect the stability of domestic food prices. A total of 420 people from Bernah Village, Kota Alam Subdistrict received it. In the selection process for BLT El Nino recipients in Bernah Village, problems often occur such as problems in identifying aid recipients. This creates a society where aid recipients are still relatively well-off. By applying the C4.5 Algorithm, the C4.5 Calculation can determine feasibility thereby increasing efficiency in determining El Nino Direct Cash Assistance receipts. Calculations using Microsoft Excel 2010 revealed that there were 252 eligible recipients while 168 were not eligible. And from the calculation results using Rapid Miner 10.1. It is known that the accuracy rate is 100.00% with a total of 420 people receiving aid data.

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program in Poverty Alleviation Efforts

This study aims to see how effective the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Assistance Program is in the Greged District, Cirebon Regency, and identify challenges and obstacles in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive analysis approach. The descriptive approach of analysis is used to obtain and select data that is relevant, up-to-date, unique, and related to the formulation of the problem or research question. This analysis uses all the data collected through various methods, such as observation and in-depth interviews. The researcher concluded that the implementation of the BPNT program in Greged District, Cirebon Regency, has not been effective because it shows several weaknesses and advantages. Key weaknesses include untimely disbursement of aid that is often late and a lack of effective oversight procedures for cash aid. On the other hand, no fee is charged to the beneficiary family (KPM). Although this program is easy for KPM to understand, there are problems with the accuracy of the target of aid recipients due to inaccurate data. Although it is not yet fully effective and still needs improvement, the BPNT program in the Greged District has helped the community meet food needs and contribute to poverty alleviation

Is in-kind kinder than cash? The impact of money vs. food aid on social emotions and aid take-up

Over the past decade, there has been a shift in the way charities deliver humanitarian aid. Historically, the most prevalent way to help the global poor was by providing in-kind asset transfers. Recently, alternatives to in-kind aid, such as cash aid, have been increasing in prevalence. Although there has been widespread endorsement from the academic community and the public on the popularizing model of giving cash aid, one perspective remains untouched: the recipient's perspective. Thus, the present research explores how food-insecure individuals feel when receiving money vs. in-kind food aid to help meet their hunger and nutrition needs. Specifically, we explore the degree of positive (e.g., feeling cared for) and negative (e.g., feeling ashamed) social emotions felt when receiving the aid opportunity and how willing recipients are to accept monetary (vs. food) aid. Results from five preregistered experiments (N = 3,110)-a field experiment in Kenya and four online experiments in the United States-find that monetary (vs. food) aid elicits comparatively more of a market-pricing relationship and less of a communal sharing relationship and, hence, makes people feel less positive and more negative social emotions when receiving the help. Subsequently, recipients are less likely to take up monetary (vs. food) aid from a charity. However, we find that this effect does not persist when receiving government aid: Recipients are similarly willing to accept money and in-kind food aid from the government. This research suggests that future scholarship ought to examine ways to improve psychological experiences when receiving money from charity.

Does distribution and type of aid affect internal migration following a cyclone? Evidence from Bangladesh

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the impacts of aid in the form of food, cash, and agricultural inputs on internal migration following a series of cyclones in the southern coastal areas of Bangladesh. The impacts of sources of aid, such as institutional or social network sources, were also analysed. With the increasing frequency of extreme climatic events, it becomes crucial to understand the impacts of different post-cyclonic aid on human mobility.Design/methodology/approachA total of 472 households across 16 blocks (moujas) in the Patharghata sub-district of Barguna district were selected for participation using a stratified sampling strategy. Data were captured via a survey which included individual and household-level demographics, migration and aid-receipt following cyclones. Data were analysed using a mixture of descriptive and inferential statistical methods.FindingsThe analysis revealed that migration was significantly higher among households which did not receive institutional food aid. More specifically, non-receipt of food aid and cash aid after a cyclone, different sources of income, non-availability of alternative sources of income, lack of land ownership and severity of cyclones up to a certain level increased migration among the households where a minority of household members migrated. In contrast, the absence of food aid and the severity of cyclones were found to be significant factors in increasing migration among the households where a majority of household members migrated. The authors argue that the decision to migrate from the households where most members migrated increased with the rise in cyclone severity.Originality/valueThe contribution of this research in the field of aid and migration is unique. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no research was conducted before on the impacts of distribution and type of aid on internal migration following a cyclone.

Rural Micro-Entrepreneurs' Experiences Coping with the Pandemic in Nigeria

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a substantial impact on Nigeria's micro, small, and medium-sized companies (MSMEs), disrupting economic activities. The combination of limited travel, the necessity to maintain physical distance, and varying degrees of community lockdown and quarantine has resulted in economic stagnation for these firms. This qualitative study looked at how rural entrepreneurs deal with the epidemic while going about their everyday business. Data demonstrate that rural entrepreneurs are anxious about their health and financial situation. Spirituality and inventive marketing methods were used to ameliorate the pandemic's negative consequences. Rural entrepreneurs resorted to survival attempts despite the government's cash aid and food relief packages. This paper improves government interventions by suggesting new remedies and laws. It also seeks to increase access to government relief programmes for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly those that are informal and unregistered. The report also recommends the implementation of information technology (IT) solutions.

The Implementation of MOORA method in the Selection of Direct Cash Aid Recipients

This research aims to implement the Multi-Objective Optimization on The Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) algorithm as a Decision Support System for selecting recipients of Direct Cash Assistance in Cempaka Putih village, Gorontalo. With a dataset of 112 prospectus recipients, the study focuses on developing an efficient approach to assist the village head in the beneficiary selection process. By combining multi-objective optimization and ratio analysis, the MOORA algorithm objectively evaluates and ranks recipients based on eligibility and suitability. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of MOORA in streamlining the selection process, ensuring transparency and optimizing resource allocation for those most in need. This research contributes to decision support systems by showcasing the practical application of MOORA, enhancing assistance distribution, and improving community welfare. The results show that Alternative A1 receives the highest ranking, which is 1, with a Yi value of 1.32. Therefore, Alternative A1 is recommended as the best candidate to receive direct cash assistance in the Cempaka Putih village. The method has the capability to rank the top 12 suitable candidates who are eligible to obtain direct cash aid. However, there are instances where certain Yi values match, resulting in the same ranking for those alternatives. This similarity necessitates further observation and analysis.

Justice implications ofhealth andfood security policies forIndigenous peoples facing COVID-19: a qualitative study andpolicy analysis inPeru.

The spread of COVID-19 in Peru resulted in the declaration of a national health emergency, in which Indigenous peoples were identified as being particularly vulnerable due to their pre-existing poor health indicators and disadvantaged social conditions. The aim of this paper is to examine how the Peruvian government responded to the health and food needs of the Shawi and Ashaninka Indigenous peoples of Peru during the first 18 months of the pandemic (March 2020-August 2021). This study uses both official policy documents and real-world experiences to evaluate policy responses in terms of their immediate impact and their longer-term sustainability and contribution to the improvement of health, well-being and justice for Indigenous communities. Four health and food security responses were evaluated: the Amazon Health Plan and Indigenous Command; food aid; cash aid; and COVID-19 vaccination. We employed the Multidimensional Injustice Framework to analyse the justice implications of the design and implementation of responses. Data collection included 71 interviews with government officials (n = 7), Indigenous leaders (n = 31) and community members (n = 33). The results show how national and regional governments released policies to address the health and food needs of Indigenous peoples directly or indirectly, as part of a broader focus on vulnerable people. However, justice implications were not sufficiently addressed in the design or implementation of the responses. On the distributive dimension, Indigenous communities were prioritized to receive health goods and services, nevertheless, the distribution had shortcomings that impeded their collection and Indigenous food systems and livelihoods were largely overlooked. On the procedural dimension, Indigenous representatives were included to provide culturally sensitive feedback on health interventions, but without funding, and furthermore, the community members had only passive participation. This paper points out the importance of considering and addressing justice implications for more effective and fairer health and food policy responses to current and future health crises.

Identity and War: The Role of Biometrics in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis

On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While many experts have examined the conflict from geopolitical, economic, and humanitarian angles, few have formally studied biometric technologies' role in the conflict. Our analytical survey helps fill this gap. On one hand, the faces and fingerprints of refugees are being used to protect the national security of asylum countries in what has become the worst refugee crisis since WWII. Biometric passports simplify travel for Ukrainian refugees to countries in the European Union through a visa-free traveling regime. Meanwhile, the United Nations (UN) uses fingerprinting to distribute cash aid to eligible Ukrainian refugees securely. Biometrics may also become a potent weapon for fighting the war-exacerbated human trafficking crisis in Ukraine. On the other hand, refugees applying for Canadian, UK, and other visas were subject to long waiting times to fulfill the biometric registration requirement of the visa application. Biometrics were also forcefully collected from Ukrainians deported to Russia from Russian-occupied territories in Ukraine. Meanwhile, Russia uses public face recognition to identify, arrest, and prosecute anti-war activists. From the refugee crisis to the battlefield to information warfare, our work analyzes reports of how the use of biometric technologies has impacted the ongoing conflict. We also present potential solutions to problems stemming from the use of biometrics during the ongoing conflict. Our examination of the conflict through a lens of biometrics applications can help researchers and analysts deepen their comprehension of the ongoing war as well as other and future conflicts. The information presented here is current as of the time of the writing. The reader interested in the subject presented here is highly encouraged to follow the latest reports and analyses from the sources tracking the conflict

Classification for Covid-19 Affected Family Cash Aid Recipients Using Naïve Bayes Algorithm

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia had a huge impact on the country's economy. One of the solutions set by the government in dealing with COVID-19 is to use APBD funds for social assistance in the form of cash, namely "Village Direct Cash Assistance" (BLT DD). With the hope that the people affected by COVID-19 can be helped by this assistance. There are several problems in the distribution of social assistance, one of which is recipients who are not on target. Therefore, it is necessary to use methods to correctly classify recipients. This study uses the Naïve Bayes method to classify people who receive and do not receive aid. From the results obtained on the confussion matrix, the people who received BLT DD assistance and were predicted to receive were as many as 33 people/KK, the people who did not receive BLT DD and were predicted not to receive as many as 34 people/KK, the people who received BLT DD and were predicted not to receive as many as 2 people/KK , and people who do not receive BLT DD and are predicted to receive as many as 6 people/families. As for the classification accuracy value obtained using the Naïve Bayes method is 89%, while the error rate obtained is 11%.

Mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in a municipality in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities

This study explored the opportunities and challenges of mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in the municipality of Cuyapo Nueva Ecija, where 223.4 hectares have been devoted to mung bean farming. The study used a descriptive research design and surveyed 214 mung bean farmers from 51 barangays in the municipality. The results of the study revealed that mung bean production provides income to farmers, having a 116.81% return on investment as shown in the cost and return analysis conducted. Mung bean production also provides additional income to local households as many laborers are needed, particularly during the harvesting period. However, mung bean farmers were challenged by the high cost of farm inputs, the low farmgate price of their mung bean harvest, farm destruction caused by stray farm animals, the threat of widespread pest infestation, and the low volume of production. To support the farmers in coping with these challenges, national and local government agencies might provide them with farm input subsidies, cash aid, marketing support, and technical assistance regarding proper crop management.

Cash Transfers, Food Prices, and Nutrition Impacts on Ineligible Children

AbstractCan cash aid harm nonrecipients by raising local prices? We show that a household-targeted cash transfer in the Philippines increases the prices of perishable foods in some markets and raises stunting among nonbeneficiary children by 11 percentage points (34%). Impacts increase in the size of the village income shock and remoteness---and are sustained two and a half years after program introduction. Price effects from an experimental sample are confirmed with national expenditure surveys collected during program scale-up. Household-targeted cash transfers can thus generate local spillovers that undermine program goals. Selected geographic targeting may avoid price spillovers at moderate additional cost.

Carrots over Sticks? Mothers’ Pensions and Child Labor in the Early 20th Century U.S.

AbstractWhile existing research suggests that nineteenth-century child labor laws largely failed to significantly reduce children’s workforce participation, we examine whether policies that tackled the problem by providing aid – rather than by penalizing work – were more effective. Between 1910 and 1920, forty U.S. states enacted mothers’ pension programs, giving needy “deserving” mothers, typically widows, cash aid to support their dependent children. One purpose of the programs was to reduce child labor. However, we find no negative relationship between child labor and the generosity of states’ mothers’ pension laws. Furthermore, we find no negative relationship between child labor and county-level mothers’ pension generosity, in terms of expenditures, in the seven states for which we have data. We attribute this to the small size of the pensions as well as the programs’ limited coverage and general lack of conditionality on children’s behaviors, such as attending school or not engaging in paid work. We also note states’ and counties’ limited administrative capacity to enforce eligibility requirements, such as school attendance, where these existed.

Trade and the Mosque: An Investigation of Commercial Activities and Mosques in Antalya with Spatial, Legal and Functional Recommendations

Expenditures, such as repair, heating and lighting costs, and payment of mosque staff’s salaries, are the main cost items that need to be satisfied for mosques to continue their services. Throughout history, these expenses have been met sometimes with the state budget, sometimes through waqfs and associations, and sometimes with the cash aid provided by the people directly in Turkey. Adding a commercial function to the mosque, which was built for the sake of continuous income, has been seen in the history of Turkey since the Ottoman period. However, the commercial units dedicated to the mosque during this period were not always close to the mosque; sometimes they could also be located in very remote location. Today, a type of structure is built which can be called a trade and religious building in the lower floor of the mosque, or as a part of the same floor due to space shortage, cost reduction etc. This type of building, which was interpreted with different perspectives, caused problems in terms of perceptibility, ratio and proportion, visuality, accessibility, noise pollution, and the moral values of the mosque, and even became the subject of lawsuits for the closure of commercial functions. In this context, the commercial functions that the mosques added to the structure in order to find financial resources were examined throughout the city center of Antalya. Accordingly, the architectural projects and zoning status of the 15 identified mosques were examined, and a spatial and configuration analysis was made. The functionality of the mosques was discussed with the mosque community, its officials, and the people in the area close to the mosque via focus group discussions, and examples of the issue brought to the judiciary were examined.

From food to cash assistance: rethinking humanitarian aid in Yemen

Humanitarian aid (HA) is needed in Yemen to cope with the worst humanitarian crisis in the world. However, current practices of distributing aid in the form of food have not had the desired effect; conflict has continued, and war economies are thriving as a result. Thus, this paper proposes the idea of cash assistance as an alternative form of HA. Our empirical analysis of HA in Yemen shows that cash assistance is a more effective and efficient way of distributing aid in comparison to food aid. This is due to food aid being vulnerable to looting by the conflicting factions, enabling funds to be inadvertently captured into the highly problematic war economy dynamic. In comparison, cash assistance targets a wider scope of peoples’ necessities, in a more efficient and effective delivery approach that can be easily tracked by the donors. Cash aid can either be unrestricted, restricted, or conditional. The former allows cash transfer, the second enables vulnerable people to purchase items depending on their needs with vouchers, and the latter links the money distributed with performing a certain task. This allows communities to improve and develop, and it enables individuals to build up their skill sets and have a source of income. This is particularly important for NGOs who are unable to provide the conditions needed to bear their success. The Yemeni people have lost trust in the warring factions, as well as local and international NGOs, due to the lack of effectiveness of current methods of HA distributions due to looting and the risks associated with reaching vulnerable people. Therefore, it has become imperative to restore donor direct HA delivery by providing cash aid as a superior means of food aid in Yemen, to ensure the effectiveness of HA and to improve the lives of those who are suffering, in the long term (This article builds on previous scholarship; see Elayah, M., & Fenttiman, M. (2021). Humanitarian Aid and War Economies: The Case of Yemen. The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 16(1). This article provides a nuanced and high-quality examination of the conduct of armed groups in Yemen. The analysis of HA in this article “supports the view that it is a significant source of funding for armed groups and consequently that it plays a huge part in allowing the war economy in Yemen to thrive”. Warring groups are often looting HA to distribute it based on partisanship and to sell it on the black market to finance the war effort. They have also attempted to block HA to try and gain control over the humanitarian campaign and receive a cut of the billions of dollars given in foreign assistance. In many cases, HA is distributed through local NGOs that were established by the groups to attract international funds. Others were pre-politicized NGOs that channeled funds to specific regions or particular groups for political and military advantage. It is clear from our analysis that the ability of NGOs to use HA effectively and deliver it to those who deserve it is very limited. NGO’s actions can end up expanding the war economy rather than reducing the effects of war on the poor. Distrust in international bodies and in local and international NGOs has become extremely high among those affected by the war” (Elayah, M., & Fenttiman, M. (2021: p 59)).

Communication Network Patterns for Villagers in Distributing Direct Cash Aid Programs during a Pandemic

This study aims to determine the pattern of communication networks between actors in the Direct Cash Assistance Program in Karang Rejo Village. This program has been re-emerged since the entry of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and then also instructed the regional and village governments, with the aim of helping the economy of residents who are affected by the pandemic. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with communication network analysis techniques. The population is the community who receive BLT assistance from Karang Rejo Village. Random sampling technique was used for sampling, and data collection using questionnaires and unstructured interviews. The data analysis technique uses communication network techniques with the help of the UCINET application. The results of the study conclude as follows, namely (a) the Cash Direct Assistance Program uses a wheel communication network structure and a network of all channels, (b) Found roles in the communication network, namely opinion leaders, bridges, and gatekeepers (c) There are 5 clicks that occur in each opinion leader (d) Found 3 types of innovation adopters from the results of field research, namely innovators, early adopters, and early majority, (e) there are 14 opinion leaders who have influence to disseminate information.

EFEKTIVITAS PENYALURAN BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI BAGI MASYARAKAT TERDAMPAK COVID-19

This research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the government’s distribution of the Direct Cash Aid, because in practice, the processes and procedures for the distribution of these social assistance fundsare too complicated and overlapping, the data used are inaccurate, furthermore, there are a large number of state officials who misuse the Direct Cash Aid for personal gain. This research uses a qualitative approach by analyzing the social phenomena that occurs. The method used in this research is netnography. Data collection in this study was carried out with a lurking approach, using the internet, social media, and online news as data sources. The result of this research is that the distribution of the Direct Cash Aid funds has not been completely effective.

Extent of Typhoon Ulysses Flooding and Flood Risk Management Interventions of Heavily Affected Households in Isabela Province, Philippines

The study assessed the extent of typhoon Ulysses flooding and the flood risk management interventions of heavily affected households in Isabela Province. A total of 3,000 respondents were selected through quota sampling technique in four municipalities, namely Cabagan, San Pablo, Sto. Tomas, and Santa Maria. Microsoft Excel and open source GIS software were used in the processing and analysis of data. Results show that in Cabagan, about 3,380 hectares of land were submerged to flood, including about 1,925.56 hectares of cornfields and 407.96 hectares of rice fields. In Santa Maria, about 16.04 percent (245.39has.) of its total land area has been flooded with the cornfields (991.10has), which contributed to the largest area flooded, followed by rice fields and grasslands with 546.76 and 193.72 hectares, respectively. In Sto. Tomas, about 2,724.7 hectares have been flooded, including 1,363.53 hectares of cornfields and 836.65 hectares of rice fields. In San Pablo, the total area flooded was 321.4 hectares. Cornfields represent the largest area flooded (244.8has.) followed by the built-up areas (33.1has.). Based on the survey respondents, the top three interventions made before the onset of widespread flooding were: stay alert on MDRRMC’s notice and media news, buy emergency kits, and store food. In relation to the provision of immediate help from the government and non-government organizations, all participants received relief goods, cash aid, clothing, and beddings. In contrast, few received hygiene kits, agricultural inputs (seeds for sowing, seedlings, and fertilizers), and home reconstruction materials. However, there is a need to improve the government’s response to the calamity.

Linking Cash Aid and Children’s Brain Development

Linking Cash Aid and Children’s Brain Development

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DANA DESA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Studi Desa Sebasang Kecamatan Moyo Hulu)

This study aims to describe the use of village funds in fiscal year of 2020 in handling COVID-19 pandemic in Sebasang Village, Moyo Hulu Sub-district. This study was descriptive qualitative. Method used to collect data were interview and literature study. The informants in this study were the Village head, Village Secretary, Treasurer, head of Consultative Board Village (BPD), Professional village Facilitator, one of beneficiaries communities during Covid-19 pandemic. The data used in this study was qualitative which used as field data that try to observe, to know and to describe the factual condition in the field. The data were analyzed using interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman. The results of study showed that the use of village funds during the COVID-19 pandemic was still based on the provisions regulation of Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 year of 2020 concerning amendments to regulation of Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia number 11 year of 2019 concerning priorities for the use of village funds in year of 2020. Explicitly that the regulation of amendment state that village fund can be used for basic social prevention especially public health in village for example regulate about healthy campaign and clean lifestyle in village. The use of village funds in Sebasang village, MoyoHulu sub-district itself was more focused toward COVID-19 response villages and direct cash aid from village funds (BLT-DD in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic).

Effectiveness of Direct Cash Aid Distribution During the Covid-19 Pandemic In Makmur Abadi Village, Tolangohula District, Gorontalo Regency

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the distribution of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makmur Abadi Village, Tolangohula District, Gorontalo Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The results of the study based on research findings, it was found that: the distribution of Direct Village Fund Cash Assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makmur Abadi Village, Tolangohula District, Gorontalo Regency did not fully meet 7 indicators if assessed based on 7 indicators of effectiveness. Of the 7 indicators, there are 3 indicators that can be said to be effective, namely indicator 1. Clarity of goals to be achieved, Indicator 6. Availability of facilities and infrastructure, and indicators 7. The educational supervision and control system seen from BLT-DD cannot be divided equally for all residents affected by Covid-19 according to existing regulations. Meanwhile, there are 4 indicators that are not effective, namely indicators 2. Clarity of strategy for achieving goals, indicators 3. A solid policy analysis and formulation process, indicators 4. Careful planning, and indicators 5. Preparation of appropriate programs. Due to the change in poor criteria for recipients, initially there were 14 poor criteria that had to be met by the community, turning into 9 poor criteria according to existing regulations