Case Of Slavery Research Articles

Labour Relations and Modes of Production under Russia's Institutional Development

The article contributes to a discussion on the taxonomy of labour relations and its relationships with modes of production in the paradigm of post-Marxian historical institutionalism in the tradition by D.C. North and R.M. Nureev. From this perspective the author provides an outline of the concept of labour relations in Russia/ USSR, with the focus on transition processes. The author traces the transitions from kin-ordered and tributary slavery to serfdom, from tributary and commodified serfdom to wage commodified labour, then to tributary and commodified labour under socialism. The outline is based primarily on the quantitative and qualitative evidence from the previous research literature. From the cross-country comparative perspective the author highlights that the cases of slavery during the early modern capitalism, inherited by the Antebellum Southern United States during the Industrial Revolution, as well as mass use of penall abour during the Soviet industrialization effort, moderately replicated in the pre-reform China, demonstrate resumption of institutions of forced labour on the path to modern economy and society. The evidence indicates that this is associated with the processes of military modernization and expansion of the war economy. In its turn, the weakening of the military threat created the possibility of commodified labour relations development. From this perspective, the trend towards expanding their share was formed in the USSR in the 1950s, and Russia’s transition to market relations in the late 1980s – 1990s appeared to be a new stage in the development of this process.

Whitewashing Evangelical Scripture: The Case of Slavery and Antisemitism in the English Standard Version

Abstract Religious communities in pluralistic societies often hold in tension the task of reinforcing core identities and ideals within the community while negotiating public relations among those outside the community. Christian communities have sought to accomplish both projects materially through Bible modification, with most historically working to establish transitivity (congruence between the text and their own interpretive tradition), whereas others more recently have emphasized establishing what I call intransitivity (incongruence between the text and negative social interpretations from outsiders). This study examines the ways evangelical translation teams seek to accomplish both agendas simultaneously, creating a materialized instantiation of engaged orthodoxy. Drawing on the case of the English Standard Version (ESV)—a contemporary evangelical revision of the Revised Standard Version (RSV)—I show how the ESV editors, while modifying certain RSV renderings to establish transitivity for their text among complementarian/biblicist Christians, sought to establish intransitivity between the text and more pejorative social interpretations by progressively re-translating lexically ambiguous terms and introducing footnotes to obviate the Bible’s ostensible promotion of slavery and antisemitism. Findings elucidate how a conservative religious subculture, confronted with increasing pluralism, negotiates gaining legitimacy for their text within their sectarian subculture while also whitewashing “the Text” for public relations outside that subculture.

Slaves and Slave Trade in the Timor Area: Between Indigenous Structures and External Impact

Abstract This study rethinks the patterns of slave-holding and slave trade that can be discerned in small-scale societies in the Timor region of the Indonesian archipelago, especially Timor, the Solor and Alor Islands, Rote, and Savu. It studies how European powers—the Dutch and the Portuguese—influenced the trade in enslaved human beings and how this was balanced by slaving conducted by Asian forces. The study is based in large part on archival sources from the VOC period, together with published Portuguese sources. Data on these issues provides some basis for comparisons with other, better documented cases of slavery and slaving in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. This contributes to an understanding of how local systems of slavery interacted with the transregional systems represented by external groups.

Hendrik Hartog. The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North.

Hendrik Hartog. The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North.

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery & Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery & Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery & Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery & Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

Hendrik Hartog, The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. 197. $27.95 (cloth).

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsHendrik Hartog, The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. 197. $27.95 (cloth).Robert ColbyRobert ColbyUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Search for more articles by this author University of North Carolina, Chapel HillPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of African American History Volume 104, Number 4Fall 2019 A journal of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/705254 Views: 41Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North

Amanda McGee's review of The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North, by Hendrik Hartog

The Trouble with Freedom

The Trouble with Freedom W. Caleb McDaniel (bio) David W. Blight and Jim Downs, eds. Beyond Freedom: Disrupting the History of Emancipation. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017. 208 pp. Notes and index. Paper, $24.95. Hendrik Hartog. The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 208 pp. Notes and index. Cloth, $27.95. In 1982, when the Freedmen and Southern Society Project (FSSP) began to publish the results of its research in the National Archives, the Project's editors forecast that the multivolume publication would eventually include five series. To date, six volumes in three series have appeared, though much about the project has changed, including the editors, the titles of some series, and the press that is now releasing the door-stopping volumes. Yet two constants remain: the subtitle of this multivolume project is still A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867, and the title of the anthology as a whole is still one word, Freedom.1 The contributors to Beyond Freedom are unsettled by that one-word title and seek, in turn, to unsettle the history of emancipation. On the one hand, this volume's editors acknowledge the debt that all historians of emancipation owe to Freedom. The book is dedicated to "all the past and present editors of the Freedmen and Southern Society Project," and three of its contributors belong to that group (p. v). Still, in the twenty-five years that passed between the first volume of Freedom and the appearance of Beyond Freedom, the very documents uncovered by the FSSP have encouraged many scholars to reassess freedom's utility as an over-arching paradigm. This collection joins monographs such as Steve Kantrowitz's More Than Freedom (2012) or Jim Downs's Sick from Freedom (2012) and review essays such as Carole Emberton's "Unwriting the Freedom Narrative" (2016) in marking a historiographical moment: whereas Freedom once seemed an appropriate big-tent term for the history of emancipation from 1861 to 1867, it is now (to borrow from another title in this growing historiography) a troubled refuge.2 [End Page 209] What most troubles the contributors to Beyond Freedom is an idea that their collective scholarship, along with the work of historians not included between these covers, has already done a great deal to unsettle. Emancipation, write the editors, is no longer seen as a "shotgun moment of liberation," but as "a process" (p. 4). And historical actors did not always experience the transition from slavery to freedom as a sharp break, for at least two reasons.3 The first reason can be seen by looking retrospectively at slavery from the vantage point of emancipation, a perspective that discloses a world of enslaved people's politics and thinking about freedom long before legal emancipation occurred. As Susan O'Donovan shows in her contribution to Beyond Freedom, the mobility often required by their labor "allowed slaves to try on new identities, sample new cultures, and experience what it meant to be a masterless man (or woman), if only for a moment" (p. 31). According to O'Donovan, mobility also encouraged enslaved men and women to imagine "different possibilities, different publics, and different futures" that fueled a collective political vision already fully formed when freedom came. Paradoxically, the sorts of documents uncovered by the FSSP show that slavery had served as a "training ground for black freedom" (pp. 27, 33). On the other hand, the archival record also reveals many survivals of slavery—its violence, coercion, and racist underpinnings—in the era of black freedom. As O'Donovan writes in another context, "the end of the Civil War must not be confused with the end of slavery."4 Likewise, what Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan later called the badges and incidents of slavery survived long after slavery was legally destroyed by the Thirteenth Amendment (a consummation that, as James Oakes argues in his contribution to Beyond Freedom, abolitionists and Republicans had long devoutly wished and worked for). As the process of slavery's destruction unfolded, it brought in its train violence, displacement, death, and new forms of coercion. If, as O'Donovan...

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North by Hendrik Hartog

Labour Exploitation in the Italian Agricultural Sector: “The Way of Production”

Despite a solid legal framework, labour exploitation seems to be “the way of production”in the Italian agricultural sector, built around the goal of cutting costs and maximisingprofits through underpayment of wages. Long working hours and underpayments,physical and psychological violence, the control over the workers’ mobility and extrapaymentsfor food and water have led the media to decry the existence of “modernslavery”. The paper aims to provide a picture of the phenomenon, overcoming a stereotypicalperception of victims while challenging the assumption that criminal law isthe panacea. Indeed, the contention is that a better understanding of the phenomenonand its complexities might suggest a more promising range of tools for action.The article is divided into three sections. After an introduction of the issues at stakewithin the EU context, official statistics on recorded crime at the global, European andnational levels are presented and their reliability discussed. All available estimates andofficial statistics on recorded crime can only ever show a fraction of the full volumeof the phenomenon as defined, captured and processed by institutional mechanisms.Importantly, victims – the key resources of information – are reluctant to report theirexperiences to the authorities since they fear deportation. This places huge challengeson the identification of potential cases. The second section focuses on the Italianagriculture and its own peculiarities (e.g. prevalence of undeclared work and illegalgangmastering). Italy is at the centre of the reflection to provide tangible exampleswithin a global perspective, at the intersection of labour market and migration policies.Four cases are analysed to grasp the complexity of the context in which exploitationoccurs: i) a case of slavery in the Apulian countryside; ii) “double exploitation” ofRomanian women in Sicilian greenhouses; iii) the case of the Sikh community exploitedin Central Italy, and iv) exploitative working conditions in the “quality food” productchains in the North of Italy. This paper seeks, indeed, to follow the teaching thatcriminology stands as the empirical basis for criminal law. Such a focus on cases isintended to develop a conceptual model of the business of labour exploitation to deepenthe understanding of its modus operandi, expanding the knowledge about how labourexploitation allows businesses to turn a profit. The very lesson to be learned is that,in Italy, labour exploitation seems to be “the way of production” rather than a “few badapples”. As a result, consumers can easily come into contact with labour exploitationwhenever they eat, although they are increasingly pressing companies to act responsibly.The third section investigates who is a victim of labour exploitation, bearing in mindthat stereotypes influence social perceptions regarding victims of crime. The realitycoming out is more complex and fraught than what media usually report. Indeed,media tend to reproduce stereotypical images, involving extreme violence and control,organised crime groups and illegal immigration, missing a wider discussion of whatwould need to be changed to prevent exploitation from penetrating food supplychains. Subsequently, the concept of corporate crime is introduced. This may helpto conceptualise labour exploitation as made up by the organisation’s structure, alsoshedding light on labour exploitation as a form of negligence by the State. Finally,specific policy recommendations are made for strengthening the currently availableredress, leaving criminal law tools as the last resort. Society needs a long-term targetedand multi-level strategy addressing, in a coherent way, the many intertwined factorsthat leave workers vulnerable, both individual factors (e.g. poverty, discrimination,precarious legal status, etc.) and deficiencies in the regulation of labour market andthe global economy (e.g. general lack of economic opportunities, cuts in the socialservices budgets, lack of legal and viable migratory channels, etc.). On the contrary,toughening the State response to vulnerable workers who have fallen in breach of immigration regulations will have the effect of locking more people into systemsof “modern slavery” without any hope of protection from the law.Going beyond the most traditional “black letter” methodology in legal research,the paper addresses “law in action”. Researching “in law”, legal texts and relevantcase-law will work as a backup to understanding the current legal frameworkaimed to counter labour exploitation. In researching “about law”, the economicand sociological implications are taken into account in order to gain empiricalknowledge and an understanding of how the law and legal proceedings impact onthe parties involved. This is done also for the purpose of evaluating the effectivenessof the current (intertwined) legal framework and, if needed, to facilitate a futurechange in the regulations.

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North

The Trouble with Minna: A Case of Slavery and Emancipation in the Antebellum North

Toward an Abbasid History of Emotions: The Case of Slavery

The idea that there can be histories of everything or anything has not yet taken root in the field of Islamic history, which is still dominated by political history. There has been a revival of women's history, and gender studies is flourishing, but these developments have brought about only one radical rethinking of mainstream narratives: Nadia Maria El Cheikh'sWomen, Islam, and Abbasid Identity, which argues that Abbasid society's construction of early Islam and of its own self-image is profoundly gendered, because “Women, gender relations, and sexuality are at the heart of the cultural construction of identity, as they are discursively used to fix moral boundaries and consolidate particularities and differences.”

Heritage and memory in East Africa today: a review of recent developments in cultural heritage research and memory studies

This paper argues that the broadening over time of definitions of heritage has had strong implications for researchers working in East Africa today. Moving away from material preservationist issues of concern to governments and international heritage bodies, most scholars have recently focused their research on the entanglement of heritage with memory, politics, identity and social healing processes. They also increasingly investigate the growing agency and centrality of civil society stakeholders, as well as the negotiation of power and authority between the different levels — local, national, international — involved in heritage making and heritage promotion. Focusing on the case of slavery and the slave trade, the rise of civil society engagement and the contestations that continue to swirl around the commemoration of liberation heroes, the paper depicts how heritage and memory have become a site of struggle — symbolically, ethically and emotionally charged — in today's East Africa.

The "Relative Universality" of Human Rights: An Assessment

AbstractThis essay makes an assessment of Jack Donnelly's model of overlapping consensus on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It raises key questions, such as: How to adjudicate competing rights; what is to become of "unreasonable" views; whence come reasonable views; and, beyond the obvious cases of slavery and genocide, how is the overlapping consensus obtained? While an alternative theory is not developed, a critical perspective is provided that might facilitate further inquiries.

Slavery in the subfamily dolichoderinae (F. Formicidae) and its ecological consequences

Evidence of slave-making habits in 2 species of the subfamily Dolichoderinae has been found in arid habitats of western North America. The enslaved species are of the subfamilies Myrmicinae and Formicinae. In previously reported cases of slavery in ants, both the slave-making and enslaved species are of the subfamily Formicinae., In the 2 new cases of slavery reported here, presence of slaves of another species in a colony significantly increases the breadth of diet and/or the range of temperatures at which the colony forages.