Case Of Shanghai Research Articles

Analysis of Carbon Emission Reduction at the Port of Integrated Logistics: The Port of Shanghai Case Study

With the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the shipping industry, the issue of sustainable port development is becoming more and more valued by the port authorities. The shipping industry requires more effective carbon emission reduction analysis frameworks. This paper takes China’s Shanghai Port as the research object and analyzes it from the perspective of port-integrated logistics. Combined with the port data of Shanghai Port from 2008 to 2022, the principal component analysis gray correlation analysis model was used to screen the factors affecting the port’s carbon emissions, and three calculation models for Shanghai Port’s carbon emission sources were proposed. In addition, an expanded stochastic impact model based on the regression of population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) was constructed for the influencing factors of Shanghai Port’s carbon dioxide emissions and combined with the method of ridge regression to further identify important influencing factors. At the same time, a gray neural network model was established to predict the carbon emissions of Shanghai Port from 2021 to 2030 and compare them with their real value. The conclusion shows that there is a close relationship between Shanghai Port carbon emissions and container throughput, throughput energy consumption, number of berths, total foreign trade import and export, and net profit attributable to the parent company. Gray neural network model data calculations show that the growth rate of Shanghai Port’s carbon emissions will gradually slow down in the next ten years until the carbon peak is completed around 2033. The study can provide a reference for the sustainable development of other ports.

Configuration paths of community cafe to enhance residents' well-being: fsQCA analysis of 20 cases in Shanghai.

Community cafes have emerged as a critical infrastructure for promoting communication and cultural construction in urban areas, and have gradually become an essential public place to enhance residents' well-being. However, despite their growing importance, more empirical research is needed on the emerging concept of community cafes, including the configuration analysis of their influencing factors. To address this gap, this study employs the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to examine 20 community cafes in Shanghai, China. The configuration effects on residents' well-being are explored across five dimensions: activity quality, psychological cognition, physical quality, physical accessibility, and sociability. The findings reveal that sociability is necessary for high levels of residents' well-being. Three configuration paths are identified to generate high well-being, which can be classified into activity-based or acquaintance-based social interaction patterns based on spatial functions. Additionally, the study identifies five groups of non-high well-being configurations, in which lack of activity quality and sociability are core conditions. Overall, the study contributes to evaluating community public spaces and provides insight into the configuration of factors that contribute to residents' well-being. The study highlights that community public spaces can have significantly different impacts on residents' well-being, with sociability emerging as a significant factor. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify community public spaces' social orientation according to spatial conditions.

Dynamic Optimization of Emergency Logistics for Major Epidemic Considering Demand Urgency

In recent years, epidemic disasters broke through frequently around the world, posing a huge threat to economic and social development, as well as human health. A fair and accurate distribution of emergency supplies during an epidemic is vital for improving emergency rescue efficiency and reducing economic losses. However, traditional emergency material allocation models often focus on meeting the amount of materials requested, and ignore the differences in the importance of different emergency materials and the subjective urgency demand of the disaster victims. As a result, it is difficult for the system to fairly and reasonably match different scarce materials to the corresponding areas of greatest need. Consequently, this paper proposes a material shortage adjustment coefficient based on the entropy weight method, which includes indicators such as material consumption rate, material reproduction rate, durability, degree of danger to life, and degree of irreplaceability, to enlarge and narrow the actual shortage of material supply according to the demand urgency. Due to the fact that emergency materials are not dispatched in one go during epidemic periods, a multi-period integer programming model was established to minimize the adjusted total material shortage based on the above function. Taking the cases of Wuhan and Shanghai during the lockdown and static management period, the quantitative analysis based on material distribution reflected that the model established in this paper was effective in different scenarios where there were significant differences in the quantity and structure of material demand. At the same time, the model could significantly adjust the shortage of emergency materials with higher importance and improve the satisfaction rate.

Analysis of the direct economic burden of measles cases and its influencing factors in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019

Objective: To analyze the direct economic burden caused by measles cases in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 and its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 161 laboratory-confirmed measles cases reported from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, in Shanghai were included in the study through the "Measles Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System" of the "China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System". Through telephone follow-up and consulting hospital data, the basic information of population, medical treatment situation, medical treatment costs and other information were collected, and the direct economic burden of cases was calculated, including registration fees, examination fees, hospitalization fees, medical fees and other disease treatment expenses, as well as transportation and other expenses of cases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the main influencing factors of the direct economic burden. Results: The age of 161 measles cases M (Q1, Q3) was 28.21 (13.33, 37.00) years. Male cases (56.52%) were more than female cases (43.48%). The largest number of cases was≥18 years old (70.81%). The total direct economic burden of 161 measles cases was 540 851.14 yuan, and the per capita direct economic burden was 3 359.32 yuan. The direct economic burden M (Q1, Q3) was 873.00 (245.01, 4 014.79) yuan per person. The results of multiple linear regression model analysis showed that compared with other and unknown occupations, central areas and non-hospitalized cases, the direct economic burden of measles cases was higher in scattered children, childcare children, students, and cadre staff in the occupational distribution, suburban areas and hospitalized, with the coefficient of β (95%CI) values of 0.388 (0.150-0.627), 0.297 (0.025-0.569), 0.327 (0.148-0.506) and 1.031 (0.853-1.209), respectively (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: The direct economic burden of some measles cases in Shanghai is relatively high. Occupation, area of residence and hospitalization are the main factors influencing the direct economic burden of measles cases.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in 92,932 Cases in Shanghai, China

Aim: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of high-grade lesions and carcinogenesis such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer (CC). The prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection varies greatly in different geographical areas. Patients &amp; methods: This study enrolled 92,932 patients from January 2017 to December 2021 and analyzed the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes. Results: 18038 (19.41%) specimens were HPV-positive. No significant difference in infection rates between men and women (19.05 vs 19.41%). The most prevalent HPV subtypes are HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV53, HPV51 and HPV81. Single infection of HPV has dominated in HPV-positive patients. Conclusion: Our results show that the prevalence and distribution of HPV subtypes have obvious region-specific and age-specific characteristics.

How to achieve the goal of carbon peaking by the energy policy? A simulation using the DCGE model for the case of Shanghai, China

The main issue of this study is what kind of energy policy should Shanghai adopt to achieve the goal of carbon peaking in 2025, especially the policy different from that of the whole country. This study applies the dynamic computable general equilibrium model to simulate the impact of energy policy on energy consumption structure, energy use, carbon emissions, and the macroeconomy for the case of Shanghai, a city in east China with a large oil consumption share. By comparing the economic and environmental effects of various energy policies, suggestions are provided for Shanghai to choose a better energy policy. The simulation results indicate that limiting coal consumption and developing nonfossil energy policies, which is the policy listed in Shanghai's 14th five-year plan, could not achieve carbon peaking by 2025. A combined policy could achieve the goal of carbon peaking. In addition, the combined policy helps to optimize the effect of macroeconomy. Limiting oil consumption is the key to achieve carbon peaking in Shanghai. Additionally, the simulation of oil supply policy is helpful for policy making, especially for the regions with a similar energy structure. This study finding is a contribution to the existing literature.

Optimal number and locations of automatic vehicle identification sensors considering link travel time estimation

AbstractThe problem of optimally locating Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) sensors on a traffic network for travel time estimation has been a topic of growing interests in recent years. Even though great progresses have been made on AVI sensor deployment for path‐level travel time estimation, very few contributions exist in the literatures that address the AVI sensor deployment for link‐level travel time estimation on an urban network. In this paper, considering the link travel time estimation, two deployment sub‐problems are addressed: (1) where to deploy a certain number of AVI sensors? (2) What is a cost‐effective number of AVI sensors to deploy? To address the first problem, a potential game of sensors is developed to find their optimal locations which maximize the objective function that consists of estimation coverage and estimation accuracy. Then, based on the optimal locations, an incremental search method is proposed to find the optimal number of sensors considering the cost. The case in Shanghai shows the proposed game‐theoretic method is superior to other two heuristic algorithms. Moreover, compared to the real‐world sensor locations, the optimally redeployed locations improve both the estimation coverage and estimation accuracy. The case in Xuancheng City validates the proposed incremental search uses less computations to find an optimal number that close to the global optimal number solved from the brute‐force search.

Evaluating environmental benefits from driving electric vehicles: The case of Shanghai, China

Replacing internal combustion engine vehicles with electric vehicles is the most direct pathway to decarbonize transportation. This paper investigates the environmental benefits of electric vehicle adoption in Shanghai—China’s largest regional electric vehicle market. Using vehicle registration data and well-to-wheel analysis, this paper calculates the potential emissions reductions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants for each electric vehicle model sold in Shanghai in 2018. Our results indicate that electric vehicles have been over-subsidized: The average environmental benefit was less than one-fourth of the mean subsidy received. Also, the environmental benefits were not distributed uniformly: About 80% of electric vehicle models generated less than 20% of the aggregate environmental benefits. Finally, three policy recommendations are provided to improve the environmental benefits of electric vehicle adoption.

Impact of COVID-19 on the quantity of visitation to leisure tourism facilities in China: cases of Beijing, Shanghai, and Qingdao

ABSTRACT Based on mobile positioning big data, this study analyzes the quantity of visitation changes of leisure tourism facilities under the impact of COVID-19, which is a direct way to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the leisure tourism industry. The quantity of visitation to the four types of leisure facilities (scenic spots, shopping services, sports services, science and cultural education services) in the three Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Qingdao) decreased by 63.06% and 44.74% respectively on the Tomb Sweeping Day and the Labor Day in 2020 compared with 2019. The biggest decreasing was in science and cultural education services, followed by scenic spots and sports services, and finally shopping services. The curve of hourly visitations to leisure facilities in 2020 shows a smooth feature, indicating that the public has reduced the risk of pandemic through peak shifting leisure. The analysis of influencing factors shows that the influence of the floor area on visitation is different in different phases. From Tomb Sweeping Day to Labour Day in 2020, the influence of area on leisure behaviour changes from negative to positive. This paper provides a technical framework for assessing the impact of crisis event, and expands the protection motivation theory.

Urban enclosure, neighbourhood commons, and community participation willingness: Evidence from Shanghai, China

While the neighbourhood has been recognised as the basic unit for civic engagement and social cohesion, debates have emerged regarding the social and political implications of the territorial enclosure of urban neighbourhoods. In post-reform China, the tradition of urban enclosure has persisted, but its potential effects on community participation have not been fully studied. Using a household survey collected across different types of inner-city neighbourhoods in Shanghai, this study examines how enclosed neighbourhood commons provide physical, social, and institutional sources for residents’ community participation. The findings show that neighbourhood commons play an important role in increasing residents’ willingness to participate in collective decision-making and action-taking. However, the mechanism differs in some ways from both the common-ownership-based private governance and the bottom-up commoning actions. Instead, territorial enclosure of urban commons is a state strategy for effective urban governance. The case of Shanghai, therefore, offers an understanding of community participation in gated communities beyond common property rights and illustrates the importance of a context-dependent analysis of the multidimensional relationships between neighbourhood commons and participation.

Changing trends, clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated versus non-schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer: a large retrospective cohort study of 31153 cases in Shanghai, China (2001-2021).

With the elimination of schistosomiasis in China, its role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has decreased. However, the trends, clinicopathological features, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis of schistosomiasis-associated CRC (SACRC) versus non-schistosomiasis-associated CRC (NSACRC) in China remain unclear. The percentage trend of SACRC in CRC patients in China was analyzed using data retrieved from the Pathology Registry of Changhai Hospital (2001-2021). Clinicopathological characteristics, surgical treatment patterns, and prognosis-related parameters were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 31153 CRC cases were included, with 823 (2.6%) cases of SACRC and 30330 (97.4%) cases of NSACRC. The average percentage of SACRC cases has decreased continuously from 3.8 to 1.7% (from 2001 to 2021). Compared with the NSACRC group, the SACRC group had more men, older age at diagnosis, lower BMI, fewer symptoms; higher rates of rectal cancer, comorbidities, KRAS mutation, multiple primary CRC and concomitant polyps; less lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor budding; less preoperative radiotherapy and preoperative chemotherapy; and more positive resection margins and postoperative targeted therapy. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding laparoscopic surgery, palliative resection, extended radical resection, or ostomy. Moreover, the SACRC group had adverse DFS and similar OS compared with the NSACRC group. In multivariate analyses, schistosomiasis was not an independent predictor of DFS or OS. The percentage of SACRC in CRC (2.6%) in our hospital was very low, and it decreased continuously over the last two decades, indicating that schistosomiasis is no longer an important risk factor for CRC in Shanghai, China. Patients with SACRC have distinct clinicopathological, molecular, and treatment-related features and survival rates similar to those with NSACRC.

Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect framework of residents' responses to urban neighborhood regeneration: The case of Shanghai, China

Neighborhood regeneration (NR) improves the living quality and environment of urban areas through the rehabilitation or renovation of dilapidated neighborhoods. In the current Chinese context, the NR is mostly dependent on governmental planning and funding. But due to the limitation of time and resources, it is impossible for the government to propose and dominate NR in every single dilapidated neighborhood. Therefore, promoting resident-initiated NR projects is an essential strategy for improving citizens' wellbeing and meeting the requirements of sustainability. However, in the dilapidated neighborhoods, the residents' cooperation in NR is not simply relied on their discourse power. Their choices of responses may be strongly influenced by various factors. Nevertheless, there have been few studies that examined the residents' choices of responses in NR. By adopting the “exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect (EVLN)” framework, this research aims to investigate how the relevant elements, including the perceived impact of NR, social capital, neighborhood environment, and residents' dependency, can influence residents' choice of responses. Two old neighborhoods in Shanghai were selected as the case study area. The data is collected through a questionnaire survey. The principal component analysis and multiple regression techniques are utilized to unveil the mask of their intrinsic relationship. The empirical results suggest how the above elements have impacted the residents' responses to NR to a certain extent. Notably, several key findings were revealed from the results. The residents with high-level dependency, perceived high-level social capital, and strong impact of NR are more likely to choose voice response. The low-level dependency, perceived poor neighborhood quality, and low social capital lead to the residents' exit choice. And the response of loyalty/neglect is due to the perceived good living environment, low-level social capital, and the ignorance of NR impact on their lives. Finally, some policy implications were drawn to promote the residents' active and positive action in initiating NR projects in their dilapidated neighborhoods.

Effective multidimensional approach for practical management of the emergency department in a COVID-19 designated children's hospital in east China during the Omicron pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Characterized by rapid transmission but lower severity, the new Omicron wave brought about an acute increase in local corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shanghai, followed by stricter infection prevention and control strategies. Inevitably, more time was required for emergency consultation and treatment of children with critical illnesses. Therefore, a multidimensional approach was designed to streamline the emergency service and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection of sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the Omicron wave for the emergency department (ED) at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University (CHFU). A multidimensional approach was implemented in the ED to help achieve a balance between the demand for emergency services and pandemic control, consisting of ED layout adjustment; electronic screening (E-screening) measures; standard management processes for patients, medical staff, and goods transfer; reliable disinfection measures; and a surveillance system for infection prevention and control. To evaluate the effect of the management strategy, the data on nosocomial infection cases and occupational exposure episodes among staff in the ED were collected. The demographic and clinical characteristics of level I/II children by the five-level pediatric triage tool and their mean duration of stay in the resuscitation room were collected. There were 12,114 ED visitors from March 1 to May 31 in 2022, among which 53.24% were medical emergencies (6,449/12,114) and 46.76% were surgical emergencies (5,665/12,114). Twenty-nine patients were sent to the buffer zone, four of whom were transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) because of the critical situation. Six patients tested positive for COVID-19 after entering ED, including three in the buffer zone and three in the ED clinic, causing a temporary closure of the ED for disinfection. There were no reports on medical care delays, unintended deaths, staff with COVID-19 infection, or occupational exposures to COVID-19. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of the multidimensional approach, which can simultaneously meet the emergency care needs of patients as well as pandemic prevention and control. However, the results were obtained against the proportional decrease in clinic visitors due to the Shanghai lockdown. Dynamic assessment and further optimization may be adopted to cope with the pre-pandemic visit volume.

A new approach for identifying urban employment centers using mobile phone data: a case study of Shanghai

Identifying urban employment centers (UECs) is crucial for understanding urban spatial structures. Conventional identification methods use census-type aggregated data. The increasing pervasiveness of mobile phone data provides new possibilities to analyze UECs at finer spatial resolution but requires novel identification methods. This study proposes a new approach, the Locally Decaying Model (LDM), to fit the employment density locally and identify UECs based on statistically significant local peaks. We compared the proposed LDM with conventional methods by Monte-Carlo simulation and real data experiments on employment distributions generated from Shanghai mobile phone data. The Monte-Carlo simulation showed that the LDM performed significantly better. The Shanghai case study demonstrated greater stability of the LDM in identifying UEC numbers and locations on aggregated data than the conventional methods. Furthermore, UECs extracted by LDM from the employment density raster were more consistent with the existing local plan. This research contributed a new subcenter identification method that can be applied to recently available urban big data and a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluating such methods.

Epidemiological, clinical, and household transmission characteristics of children and adolescents infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China: a retrospective, multicenter observational study

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiological, clinical, and household transmission characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 cases in Shanghai, China. MethodsPediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Shanghai from March-May 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective, multicenter cohort study. The symptoms and the risk factors associated with disease severity were analyzed. ResultsIn total, 2620 cases (age range, 24 days-17 years) were enrolled in this study. Of these, 1011 (38.6%) were asymptomatic, whereas 1415 (54.0%), 190 (7.3%), and 4 (0.2%) patients developed mild, moderate, and severe illnesses, respectively. Household infection rate was negatively correlated with household vaccination coverage. Children aged 0-3 years, those who are unvaccinated, those with underlying diseases, and overweight/obese children had a higher risk of developing moderate to severe disease than children aged 12-17 years, those who were vaccinated, those without any underlying disease, and those with normal weight, respectively (all P <0.05). A prolonged duration of viral shedding was associated with disease severity, presence of underlying diseases, vaccination status, and younger age (all P <0.05). ConclusionChildren aged younger than 3 years who were not eligible for vaccination had a high risk of developing moderate to severe COVID-19 with a prolonged duration of viral shedding. Vaccination could protect children from COVID-19 at the household level.

Smart Mega-City Development in Practice: A Case of Shanghai, China

As Shanghai is a megacity and pioneer in smart city development in China, this paper used Shanghai as a megacity example to investigate smart city development over the past ten years. By collecting data from multiple sources, a case study methodology was utilized to explore Shanghai’s smart megacity development in practice. Based on the key events and phases of Shanghai’s smart city development, the practical contents were systematically investigated. The main conclusions of this research included four aspects, consisting of information infrastructure, information technology and industrial development, information perception and smart applications, and a security assurance system. Moreover, a conceptual framework for Shanghai’s smart city development was constructed by integrating the phases and contents. Furthermore, the implications of Shanghai’s smart city development are critically discussed and identified from five aspects, including the development pathway, the government’s role, the financing channel, information and communication technology (ICT)-driven development, and a people-oriented concept. This study benefits academia, governments, and practitioners by providing useful insights and valuable implications for other cities to develop smart cities.

Global city as an actor of sustainable development: the case of Shanghai

In this investigation the authors explore the problems of spatial development and functioning of agglomeration formations, as well as the transformation and complication of the spatial structure of urban areas, expanding the understanding of urbanized residential areas from the point of view of the life support of society and the functioning of the modern economy. On the example of the case of Shanghai, one of the largest centers of population and economic resources concentration in China, the achievement of the status of a global city is considered through the prism of participation in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Related problems are also identified that require solutions to be found in the process of spatial planning. The prospect of reaching a population of 34 million by 2050 necessitates the transformation of Shanghai into an innovative city with a high quality of life, for which the authorities are striving to adapt to international trends from both a socio-economic and environmental point of view. The paper discusses the prospects for the optimized use of the territory, the “three spaces” (environmental, agricultural and urban). As a criterion for assessing the level of socio-economic development, the calculation of the coefficient of specialization is used, which, in combination with the calculation of the Ryabtsev index, makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the structure of the economy over a 10-year period. The results indicate both the prevalence and the strengthening of the role of the tertiary sector, confirming the transition of the Shanghai economy to the post-industrial stage.

民营企业家腐败治理及预防——以上海市157个案例为研究对象

民营企业家腐败治理及预防——以上海市157个案例为研究对象

Study on Non-Prosecution Criteria for Dangerous Driving Crime of Driving a Motor Vehicle on a Road While Intoxicated

After the SPSS analysis of 577 non-prosecution cases in Shanghai, it is found that the standard of non-prosecution for drunk-driving dangerous driving cases is still not uniform. There are three main problems: blood alcohol concentration standard is vague and quite different; road type preference is inconsistent; vehicle, damage and criminal record do not have a significant impact on non-prosecution. In this paper, a standard model of “1 + X” with hemol concentration as the main body and assisted by other relevant factors is constructed, which is specifically hemol concentration (50%), minor circumstances (30%), confession attitude (15%) and other matters (5%). The above 75 points are preliminarily determined as pass points for non-prosecution. As a specific application of discretionary non-prosecution, the standard model of “1 + X” for non-prosecution reflects the organic combination of discretionary non-prosecution and leniency for confession system.

Travel Equity between Relocatees and Non-Relocatees before and after a Shopping Plaza’s Opening in the Megacity-Peripheral Large-Scale-Residential Area: A Case in Shanghai, China

In Chinese megacity centers, substandard housing is being removed. The inhabitants are relocated to peripheral large-scale residential areas, and we call them “relocatees”. After the relocation, their housing quality is improved but travel quality may worsen. Little attention has been paid to the change in travel equity over time for shopping-related trips of relocatees and non-relocatees in these areas in rapidly developing countries, especially for the change before and after the major built environment development, such as a shopping plaza’s opening. To fill this research gap, we conducted two surveys before and after Wanda Shopping Plaza’s opening. We used statistical analysis, estimated discrete choice models focusing on mode choice, and calculated consumer surplus as a measurement of travel equity. Results show a relocatee has a lower travel quality for shopping-related trips. Travel equity between relocatees and non-relocatees for shopping-related trips becomes worse after Wanda’s opening. Differences in consumer surplus between relocatees and non-relocatees provide a reference for the travel subsidy policy.