Case Of Shanghai Research Articles

Integrated Design Methods for Sustainable Public Seating in Urban Communities—A Shanghai Case Study

In the context of sustainable regeneration of urban communities, the sustainable construction of community urban furniture has gradually been emphasized. This study focuses on the existing problems of experience, culture, environmental protection, function, and other aspects of community urban furniture; starts from the user’s perspective to screen the user’s sustainable design needs for community public seating; and combines the scientific method to quantify and transform them into design factors to form a reasonable community sustainable public seating design program. Taking the public seating in Gumei Community Park in Shanghai as an example, the study adopts the qualitative research method to obtain demand indicators of users. It utilizes the integrated design framework of “AHP-QFD-FBS” to quantify the user needs and maps them into the product structure to identify the ten factors affecting the sustainability of public seating. A community co-creation workshop was conducted to complete a sustainability assessment with the help of life cycle assessment and scales. From the perspective of residents’ needs, it emphasizes the scientific process of demand transformation and ultimately produces sustainable design factors and serialized products for public seating. This approach introduces new ideas for the sustainable renewal of urban furniture and enhances the quality of urban residents’ leisure time.

Regional water-energy-carbon footprint in the context of sustainable development based on EE-MRIO: cases of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai

Regional water-energy-carbon footprint in the context of sustainable development based on EE-MRIO: cases of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai

Pro- and Contra-Coalition: Governing the Rise and Fall of Creative Industrial Parks in China

A great number of creative industrial parks (CIPs) have emerged in the past two decades in China as a critical and popular approach to the adaptive reuse of abandoned industrial land in cities. However, a few vibrant CIPs have been closed in the past few years, and the sites are set to be demolished and redeveloped in a property-led manner, suggesting the fragility of CIPs as a land reuse approach. This article aims to elaborate on the institutional rationale behind such a phenomenon. Cases in Shanghai and Guangzhou are examined and presented. The key arguments include: (a) in the industrial land redevelopment process, public and private actors flexibly establish pro-coalitions and contra-coalitions to foster and close CIPs, with strategies to overcome institutional obstacles and to implement land redevelopment-pursued regulatory plans, respectively; (b) key actors forming the two coalitions overlap, such as the local government and the state-owned enterprise land occupiers, and their positions shift subject to specific circumstances; and (c) the finding of the two coalitions echoes the existing argument that there are forces beyond the growth machine driving China’s urban development and provides further insight into the explicit framework of the dual forces underneath.

Innovation and Practice of Diversified Business Model of New Energy Power Generation Enterprises

With the growing global demand for clean energy, new energy power generation enterprises are facing new opportunities and challenges. This paper explores the diversified business model of new energy power generation enterprises. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the business model of new energy power generation enterprises is analyzed, including the characteristics and income sources of single and multiple industrial chain models. The advantages and applications of different business models are analyzed through the study of cases at home and abroad, such as the European aggregated generation side resource model, the United States focused on controllable load demand response model, and the domestic cases of Shanghai and Shenzhen virtual power plant projects and distributed photovoltaic power generation. Then it puts forward the diversified business model innovation strategy of new energy power generation enterprises, covering the innovation of comprehensive energy services, the development of power side energy storage business, and the expansion of key businesses and profit models. Finally, the research conclusions are summarized and the future research directions are prospected. In short, the exploration of diversified business models of new energy power generation enterprises is of great significance to promote the development of clean energy and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.

Longitudinal structural resilience of shield tunnel: Characterization and field application

The longitudinal structural resilience performance of shield tunnels is an important concern given the dramatic development of underground systems and the increasing demand for maintenance work. In this paper, a new model using longitudinal relative differential settlement as the index of tunnel structural resilience performance is proposed. The resilience metric (Re) is defined as the ratio of the area integrated by the residual performance during environmental disruptions to the area integrated by the normal performance for the corresponding duration. Then, the proposed resilience analysis model is applied to a well-documented case in Shanghai, where the existing metro tunnel is disrupted by a newly constructed large-diameter shield tunnel undercrossing and subsequently repaired by soil grouting. The variations of tunnel settlement concerning construction parameters and driving distance of the shield machine are analyzed. The performance degradation characteristics of the tunnel during disruption and recovery are effectively captured. The results show that 32.3 % of the performance loss is attributed to the new tunnel undercrossing in the first 38 days. After the completion of the grouting reinforcement, the tunnel performance is improved from 0.677 to 0.868, accounting for approximately 59.1 % of the performance loss during the crossing period. Moreover, the resilience metric (Re) is calculated as 0.764, indicating a high level of resilience for the existing metro tunnel in this case. In addition, other performance indexes based on tunnel longitudinal settlement are discussed, demonstrating the good rationality and applicability of the proposed index.

Megacity pathways in China under the dual carbon goal: The case of Shanghai

The pathways to achieving carbon neutrality at the city level are diverse due to varying energy supply and demand conditions. Shanghai faces obstacles such as limited land resources, high costs of renewable energy technologies, and instability of renewable energy. These challenges hinder the city’s efforts to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality (dual carbon). Therefore, Shanghai must identify and optimize its development path for renewable energy under the dual carbon goal. We employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform-Shanghai (LEAP-SH) model to simulate the impact of policies, such as industrial upgrading, energy efficiency improvement, energy structure optimization, increased technical innovation on energy, and ecological restoration, on the carbon emission pathways from 2022 to 2060 using five different scenarios. Our results indicate that Shanghai has the potential to achieve carbon neutrality in 2059 by promoting carbon reduction, pollution control, and green expansion. Moreover, we determined that the manufacturing industry; power generation industry; and transportation, storage, and mail services are the three major sectors for emission reduction under the dual carbon goal. Furthermore, the capacity and output of coal-fired power plants will be gradually replaced by offshore wind power in the dual carbon pathway. Finally, this study proposes countermeasures and suggestions for Shanghai to attain the dual carbon goal and high-quality development.

Optimization of reverse logistics network for end-of-life vehicles: A Shanghai case study

With the surge in car ownership, the end-of-life vehicles recycling market has shown enormous development potential. As the reverse logistics network for recycling end-of-life vehicles suffers from high operating costs and low recycling rates, there is an urgent need to upgrade the actual recycling measures for end-of-life vehicles to an operable level. This article first uses the OGM (1, N) model to predict the number of end-of-life vehicles in the coming years. At the same time, a reverse logistics network model with the second-hand car market as the recycling centre was constructed with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the end-of-life vehicles reverse logistics network. The network model was simulated using mixed integer programming (MILP), and the optimal solution was solved through LINGO 12 programming. Through an example analysis of Shanghai, it is found that the market of end-of-life vehicles will embrace growth, and it is verified that the optimized reverse logistics network can effectively reduce the operation cost and logistics cost of recycling centres, and can effectively improve the actual recycling rate of end-of-life vehicles. Finally, the optimized site selection results are obtained, and a specific traffic distribution scheme is proposed, which is crucial for promoting cars that meet scrap standards to be recycled through formal channels and reducing logistics costs for recycling enterprises.

Consumer Perception of the Performance of Online Catering Food Safety Regulations: The Case of Shanghai, China.

To protect the safety of food bought from the online catering sector, the former State Food and Drug Administration of China issued two separate regulations in 2016 and 2017. Independently, the Shanghai government formulated local regulations, including the Shanghai Online Catering Service Supervision and Management Measures, to strengthen food safety supervision in this megacity with the largest catering sector in China. This study explored factors that influence consumer perceptions of the performance of online catering food safety regulations using survey data from 1050 respondents collected in 2019. The results indicate that consumers believe that Shanghai's online catering industry has improved by varying degrees in terms of food freshness, ingredient traceability, foreign matter control, food temperature control, internal packaging hygiene and environmental protection, and satisfaction with food safety. The factors that influenced the listed features include the number and effectiveness of government-issued regulations regarding the online catering sector, effectiveness of ordering platform food safety regulations, employee training frequency, employee food safety awareness, delivery box cleanliness and courier personal hygiene, consumer trust in ordering platform services, and consumer confidence in government supervision. These factors significantly and positively affected the consumers' perceptions of the performance of food safety regulations in the online catering sector.

Driving forces and prediction of urban open spaces morphology: The case of Shanghai, China using geodetector and CA-Markov model

Urban open spaces offer both environmental and social benefits. However, comprehensive studies that integrate both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the factors driving change in these spaces and their long-term predictions are lacking. Most existing studies concentrate on land-use development rather than conducting empirical research specific to urban open spaces in Shanghai. This study addresses this gap by employing a geographic detector (geodetector) to analyze the influence of various driving factors on open-space changes. These factors were then used as weight values in a multicriteria CA-Markov model to simulate and predict change in Shanghai's urban open spaces by 2050. The advantage of analyzing driving forces lies in their ability to capture the multifactor synergy influencing change in urban open spaces, aligning with the aim of this study to quantitatively evaluate the interaction between natural, climatic, and socioeconomic factors. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 policymakers and planners to assess the reliability of the quantitative predictions. The results indicate that socioeconomic factors are the primary drivers of change in urban open spaces. Specifically, the interaction between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and population density (PD) emerged as the most influential variables. For prediction outcomes, the unconstrained scenario predicts a decrease in open-space area from 5610.94 km2 in 2020 to 5124.36 km2 in 2050. The planning intervention scenario anticipates minimal changes in Shanghai's total urban open-space area with almost no floating changes. However, the economic development scenario predicts a rapid decline in open spaces. Experts and planners evaluated these three scenarios and confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the prediction models. The methods and findings of this study can support zoning planning for urban open-space systems in other cities and regions.

Exploring community resilience based on co-produced micro-regeneration projects in China: Two case studies

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to answer the question: How can community micro-regeneration projects in Chinese cities be situated and contextualized as particular kinds of practices to build resilient communities? Amidst rapid urbanization and social transformation over the past four decades, historical areas in Chinese cities have faced neglect, exacerbating inequalities and marginalization. The emerging strategy of micro-regeneration, emphasizing public participation and co-production, addresses this issue by revitalizing small community spaces using local resources and empowering grassroots efforts. This research contextualizes micro-regeneration within the global discourse on community resilience, highlighting communities’ agency and collaborative strength in adapting to change. Through the analysis of co-productive micro-regeneration cases in Beijing and Shanghai, this study offers insights into resourcefulness and the transformative potential of resilience, shedding light on China’s urban regeneration shift toward co-production and heightened social focus.

An Analytical Framework for Assessing Equity of Access to Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: The Case of Shanghai

With the unprecedented growth of electric vehicles usage, the equitable population-based provision of public charging services has become an important concern in high-density urban centers. To address sustainability concerns, this study explores an analytical framework for assessing the equity of access to public charging services. By comprehensively analyzing factors such as accessibility, the Gini coefficient, the correlation coefficient, and supply–demand matching, we investigated the unequal access to public charging stations within 24 types of sites in central Shanghai. The spatial distribution and accessibility were visualized to illustrate differences in service access. Subsequently, social equity was assessed by considering the population distribution and identifying areas of supply–demand imbalance. The results show that 81% of households share only 10% of public charging services, suggesting a generalized inequality within areas and facilities. Residents of large-scale, low-density, low-grade neighborhoods have difficulties accessing services. Nearly 66.96% of subdistricts have supply and demand conflicts. In addition, priority types of improvement were identified and directions for improvement were suggested, as well as recommendations for the integration of PCSs with exterior built places. We also found significant differences in accessibility and equity at both the district and subdistrict level. The findings of this study will help urban planners assess and locate unequal areas and provide insights and the basis for further expansion into the analysis methods adopted at different stages to achieve sustainable development.

Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in diarrhea patients in Shanghai, 2016-2022

Objective: To understand the infection status, epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in Shanghai and provide evidence for the disease surveillance. Methods: The epidemiological data of diarrhea cases in Shanghai from 2016 to 2022 were collected from Shanghai Diarrhea Comprehensive Surveillance System, and stool samples were collected from the cases for DEC detection. The drug resistance data was obtained from Chinese Pathogen Identification Network. Statistical analysis was conducted by using χ2 and fisher test. Results: In 24 883 diarrhea cases detected during 2016-2022, the DEC positive rate was 9.13% (2 271/24 883), the single DEC positive rate was 8.83% (2 197/24 883) and the mixed DEC positive rate was 0.30% (74/24 883). The main type of DEC was Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) [4.33% (1 077/24 883)]. The DEC positive rate was highest in people aged ≤5 years 18.48% (22/119). The annual peak of DEC positive rate was observed during July - September [5.91% (1 470/24 883)]. The DEC positive rate were 9.47% (554/5 847) and 9.02% (1 717/19 036) in urban area and in suburbs, respectively, Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) [3.98% (233/5 847)] and ETEC [4.56% (868/19 036)] were mainly detected. From 2016 to 2019, the DEC positive rate was 9.42% (1 821/19 330), while it was 8.10% (450/5 553) from 2020 to 2022, the main DEC types were ETEC (4.87%, 941/19 330) and EAEC (4.70%, 261/5 553). The multi-drug resistance rate was 40.21% (618/1 537). The top three antibiotics with high drug resistance rates were ampicillin [64.74% (995/1 537)], nalidixic acid [58.49% (899/1 537)] and tetracycline [45.09% (693/1 537)]. Conclusions: Compared with 2016- 2019, a decrease in DEC detection rate was observed during 2020-2022, and the main type of DEC detected shifted from ETEC to EAEC. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance was severe. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the surveillance for DEC drug resistance and standardize the use of clinical antibiotics.

The Feasibility of TOD Mode in Transportation Planning of Nantong City

The study examines the feasibility of the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model in the transportation planning of Nantong City. In the context of the "14th Five Year Plan for the Comprehensive Transportation System Development of Nantong City", it investigates the viability of the TOD mode within Nantong's rail transit system. This article will examine the successful TOD development cases in Shanghai, a first-tier city, and Suzhou, a new-tier city, both located in the Yangtze River Delta region. It will also compare the rail transit systems of Shanghai, Suzhou, and Nantong. Based on the current development status of rail transit in Nantong City, SWOT model is used to position the development of rail transit in Nantong City. hrough this analysis, this paper identified the advantages and disadvantages that Nantong City may face in advancing the TOD mode, as well as the potential opportunities and threats.Measures such as creating TOD channels, formulating ride discounts, expanding regional connectivity, flexible commuting time, and optimizing station facilities are proposed. hese strategies aim to promote the sustainable development of Nantong rail transit system, improve the convenience and efficiency of urban transportation, and then provide strong support for the economic and social development of Nantong city and the improvement of residents' quality of life.

Effectiveness of Lianhua Qingwen Granule and Jingyin Gubiao Prescription in Omicron BA.2 Infection and Hospitalization: A Real-World Study of 56,244 Cases in Shanghai, China.

To examine the effectiveness of Chinese medicine (CM) Lianhua Qingwen Granule (LHQW) and Jingyin Gubiao Prescription (JYGB) in asymptomatic or mild patients with Omicron infection in the shelter hospital. This single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in the largest shelter hospital in Shanghai, China, from April 10, 2022 to May 30, 2022. A total of 56,244 asymptomatic and mild Omicron cases were included and divided into 4 groups, i.e., non-administration group (23,702 cases), LHQW group (11,576 cases), JYGB group (12,112 cases), and dual combination of LHQW and JYGB group (8,854 cases). The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital was used to assess the effectiveness of LHQW and JYGB treatment on Omicron infection. Patients aged 41-60 years, with nadir threshold cycle (CT) value of N gene <25, or those fully vaccinated preferred to receive CM therapy. Before or after propensity score matching (PSM), the multiple linear regression showed that LHQW and JYGB treatment were independent influence factors of LOS (both P<0.001). After PSM, there were significant differences in LOS between the LHQW/JYGB combination and the other groups (P<0.01). The results of factorial design ANOVA proved that the LHQW/JYGB combination therapy synergistically shortened LOS (P=0.032). Patients with a nadir CT value <25 were more likely to accept CM. The LHQW/JYGB combination therapy could shorten the LOS of Omicron-infected individuals in an isolated environment.

SQEAIR: an Improved Infectious Disease Dynamics Model

The Covid-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to human health and life. Timely and accurate prediction of the epidemic’s trajectory is crucial for devising effective prevention and control strategies. Traditional infectious disease models may not capture the complexity of modern epidemics, especially when governments implement diverse policies. Drawing from China’s epidemic prevention strategies and Covid-19 transmission characteristics, this study introduces two distinct categories quarantined cases and asymptomatic cases to enhance the traditional SEIR model in depicting disease dynamics. To address the intricate nature of prevention and control efforts, the quarantined cases are further segmented into three subgroups: exposed quarantined, asymptomatic quarantined, and infected quarantined cases. Consequently, a novel SQEAIR model is proposed to model the dynamics of Covid-19. Evaluation metrics such as the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Absolute Percentage Error (MAE) are employed to assess the efficacy and accuracy of both the newly proposed and traditional models. By fitting the models to the number of infected cases in Shanghai (March to May 2022) and Guangzhou (November 2022), it was observed that the SQEAIR model exhibited a lower AIC value compared to the SEIR model, indicating superior fitting accuracy for Covid-19 infections. Moreover, the high accuracy of the SQEAIR model enabled precise predictions of confirmed cases in Guangzhou. Leveraging the SQEAIR model, various parameters were tested to simulate the impact of different influencing factors, enabling the evaluation of defense strategies. These findings underscore the effectiveness of key epidemic control measures, such as quarantining exposed cases, in enhancing public health and promoting awareness of personal protection.

How to quantify the tunnel structural resilience in longitudinal direction: a discussion on the index and its effect

Shield tunnel is prone to longitudinal differential settlement due to the characteristics such as segmental linings and unpredictable changes in multiple uncertain environments. Excessive differential settlement may deteriorate the safety and operational serviceability of the shield tunnel. Resilience has been increasingly applied in structural performance assessment given that it can evaluate the ability of structure to absorb the disruption and to restore the performance level. However, the resilience index and analysis framework for tunnels are quite vague and still in the developing phase. In this paper, a resilience analysis framework is introduced, and the detailed model to quantify the resilience of shield tunnel is presented. The cumulative settlement, maximum, and average value of differential settlement are selected as the performance indexes, because they can reflect the ability of the tunnel to ensure the structural safety and meet the waterproof requirements of the circumferential joints. Then, the effects of these indexes are analyzed using a real case in Shanghai. The results show that the resilience grades calculated using the three performance indexes are different, and the cumulative settlement is regarded as the better index.

A data-driven combined prediction method for the demand for intensive care unit healthcare resources in public health emergencies

BackgroundPublic health emergencies are characterized by uncertainty, rapid transmission, a large number of cases, a high rate of critical illness, and a high case fatality rate. The intensive care unit (ICU) is the “last line of defense” for saving lives. And ICU resources play a critical role in the treatment of critical illness and combating public health emergencies.ObjectiveThis study estimates the demand for ICU healthcare resources based on an accurate prediction of the surge in the number of critically ill patients in the short term. The aim is to provide hospitals with a basis for scientific decision-making, to improve rescue efficiency, and to avoid excessive costs due to overly large resource reserves.MethodsA demand forecasting method for ICU healthcare resources is proposed based on the number of current confirmed cases. The number of current confirmed cases is estimated using a bilateral long-short-term memory and genetic algorithm support vector regression (BILSTM-GASVR) combined prediction model. Based on this, this paper constructs demand forecasting models for ICU healthcare workers and healthcare material resources to more accurately understand the patterns of changes in the demand for ICU healthcare resources and more precisely meet the treatment needs of critically ill patients.ResultsData on the number of COVID-19-infected cases in Shanghai between January 20, 2020, and September 24, 2022, is used to perform a numerical example analysis. Compared to individual prediction models (GASVR, LSTM, BILSTM and Informer), the combined prediction model BILSTM-GASVR produced results that are closer to the real values. The demand forecasting results for ICU healthcare resources showed that the first (ICU human resources) and third (medical equipment resources) categories did not require replenishment during the early stages but experienced a lag in replenishment when shortages occurred during the peak period. The second category (drug resources) is consumed rapidly in the early stages and required earlier replenishment, but replenishment is timelier compared to the first and third categories. However, replenishment is needed throughout the course of the epidemic.ConclusionThe first category of resources (human resources) requires long-term planning and the deployment of emergency expansion measures. The second category of resources (drugs) is suitable for the combination of dynamic physical reserves in healthcare institutions with the production capacity reserves of corporations. The third category of resources (medical equipment) is more dependent on the physical reserves in healthcare institutions, but care must be taken to strike a balance between normalcy and emergencies.

Contact patterns between index patients and their close contacts and assessing risk for COVID-19 transmission during different exposure time windows: a large retrospective observational study of 450 770 close contacts in Shanghai

IntroductionTo characterise age-mixing patterns among index cases and contacts of COVID-19, and explore when patients are most infectious during the disease process.MethodsThis study examined all initial 90 885 confirmed index...

Developing an indicator framework for sustainability assessment in urban community regeneration: A case of Shanghai

Sustainability assessment is essential in urban community regeneration process. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on quantifying sustainable urban regeneration at the community scale, while the selecting and weighting of relevant indicators are subjective and one-sided. Meanwhile, given the inadequacy of international sustainability assessment tools in addressing local urban challenges, this study aims to develop a community-scale indicator framework for sustainability assessment in urban regeneration in Shanghai, China. The study initially establishes a four-level hierarchical structure and an alternative indicator database. Appropriate indicators are then selected using the Delphi method, while weights are derived via the Bayesian best-worst method. The proposed indicator framework comprises 38 indicators from 7 elements with weights across various levels. Notably, resource utilization, ecological environment, and green building elements exhibit higher weights, indicating their priority in urban community regeneration. This framework covers environmental, social, and economic aspects, employing a comparatively objective selection of indicators, along with localized weights that incorporate local knowledge. It can aid in identifying communities requiring urgent regeneration and pinpointing significant issues, thereby guiding the regeneration process and suggesting appropriate response strategies for urban planners and designers.

Governing Urban Climate Resilience (UCR): Systems, Agents, and Institutions in Shanghai, China

Climate change and urbanization intersect with escalating danger. Urban areas significantly contribute to climate change, which, in turn, poses severe threats to urban settings. The frequency and intensity of extreme events, like flooding and heat, are rising, with the need to enhance urban climate resilience (UCR) becoming more immediate. Scholarship tends to underrepresent general climate resilience in favor of specific hazards. This research seeks to contribute to the literature by exploring the case of Shanghai, China, discovering the mechanisms and characteristics of UCR governance, and examining how these outcomes are formed from a comparative gesture. The findings indicate that in Shanghai, 36.8% and 26.8% of climate resilience governance strategies are reflected in regional management and infrastructure construction led by the Water Affairs Bureau and the Meteorological Bureau. Furthermore, 30.6% of the strategies relate to the Water Affairs Bureau, showcasing a robust and integrated flood response. Meanwhile, 15.7% involve the Meteorological Bureau, boosting responses to high temperatures with better monitoring and early warning for increased flexibility and efficiency. Distinct governance processes for floods and extreme heat mirror these hazards’ inherent characteristics and societal perceptions. With strong government willingness and support, Shanghai has rapidly enhanced its flood resilience capabilities within a brief timeframe. Conversely, addressing the emerging risk of extreme heat is still in the early stages of evaluation, due to the lack of a clear disaster-bearing system and identified responsible agents. This research suggests that the future of climate resilience governance in Shanghai may emphasize identifying the characteristics of critical climate-related risks, expanding social autonomy through grassroots self-governance, procuring economic backing from the central government, and applying the tool of urban spatial planning.