Cases Of Plagiarism Research Articles

Unmasking text plagiarism using syntactic-semantic based natural language processing techniques: Comparisons, analysis and challenges

The proposed work aims to explore and compare the potency of syntactic-semantic based linguistic structures in plagiarism detection using natural language processing techniques. The current work explores linguistic features, viz., part of speech tags, chunks and semantic roles in detecting plagiarized fragments and utilizes a combined syntactic-semantic similarity metric, which extracts the semantic concepts from WordNet lexical database. The linguistic information is utilized for effective pre-processing and for availing semantically relevant comparisons. Another major contribution is the analysis of the proposed approach on plagiarism cases of various complexity levels. The impact of plagiarism types and complexity levels, upon the features extracted is analyzed and discussed. Further, unlike the existing systems, which were evaluated on some limited data sets, the proposed approach is evaluated on a larger scale using the plagiarism corpus provided by PAN11http://pan.webis.de. competition from 2009 to 2014. The approach presented considerable improvement in comparison with the top-ranked systems of the respective years. The evaluation and analysis with various cases of plagiarism also reflected the supremacy of deeper linguistic features for identifying manually plagiarized data.

Plagiarism Management: Challenges, Procedure, and Workflow Automation

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents some of the issues that academia faces in both the detection of plagiarism and the aftermath. The focus is on the latter, how academics and educational institutions around the world can address the challenges that follow the identification of an incident. The scope is to identify the need for and describe specific strategies to efficiently manage plagiarism incidents. Background: Plagiarism is possibly one of the major academic misconduct offences. Yet, only a portion of Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) appear to have well developed policies and procedures aimed at dealing with this issue or to follow these when required. Students who plagiarize and are not caught pose challenges for academia. Students who are caught pose equal challenges. Methodology: Following a literature review that identifies and describes the extent and the seriousness of the problem, procedures and strategies to address the issue are recommended, based on the literature and best practices. Contribution: The paper alerts academics regarding the need for the establishment of rigorous and standardized procedures to address the challenges that follow the identification of a plagiarism incident. It then describes how to streamline the process to improve consistency and reduce the errors and the effort required by academic staff. Recommendations for Practitioners: To ensure that what is expected to happen takes place, HEIs should structure the process of managing suspected plagiarism cases. Operationalization, workflow automation, diagrams that map the processes involved, clear in-formation and examples to support and help academics make informed and consistent decisions, templates to communicate with the offenders, and data-bases to record incidents for future reference are strongly recommended. Future research: This paper provides a good basis for further research that will examine the plagiarism policy, the procedures, and the outcome of employing the procedures within the faculties of a single HEI, or an empirical comparison of these across a group of HEIs. Impact on Society: Considering its potential consequences, educational institutions should strive to prevent, detect, and deter plagiarism – and any type of student misconduct. Inaction can be harmful, as it is likely that some students will not gain the appropriate knowledge that their chosen profession requires, which could put in danger both their wellbeing and the people they will later serve in their careers.

A Novel Technique for Detecting Plagiarism in Documents Exploiting Information Sources

Plagiarism takes place when we use any person’s work without giving due acknowledgment. There are several fields where the text similarity is involved like web document retrieval, information mining, and searching related articles. Several approaches have been introduced for detecting plagiarism in the text documents based on the syntactic structure of the text, string similarity, fingerprinting, semantic meaning underlying the text, etc. The basic limitation of plagiarism detection systems these days is that they fail to detect tough cases of plagiarism. The proposed plagiarism detection approach is the hybrid of semantic and syntactic similarity between the text documents. This novel approach exploits linguistic information sources non-linearly using the lexical database for finding the relatedness between text documents. The proposed approach uses semantic knowledge to perform cognitive-inspired computing. The framework is capable of detecting intelligent plagiarism cases like a verbatim copy, paraphrasing, rewording in a sentence, and sentence transformation. The approach has been evaluated on the standard PAN-PC-11 dataset. The experiments show that our technique has outperformed other strong baseline techniques in terms of precision, recall, F-measure, and plagiarism detection (PlagDet) score.

English-Persian Plagiarism Detection based on a Semantic Approach

Plagiarism which is defined as “the wrongful appropriation of other writers’ or authors’ works and ideas without citing or informing them” poses a major challenge to knowledge spread publication. Plagiarism has been placed in four categories of direct, paraphrasing (rewriting), translation, and combinatory. This paper addresses translational plagiarism which is sometimes referred to as cross-lingual plagiarism. In cross-lingual translation, writers meld a translation with their own words and ideas. Based on monolingual plagiarism detection methods, this paper ultimately intends to find a way to detect cross-lingual plagiarism. A framework called Multi-Lingual Plagiarism Detection (MLPD) has been presented for cross-lingual plagiarism analysis with ultimate objective of detection of plagiarism cases. English is the reference language and Persian materials are back translated using translation tools. The data for assessment of MLPD were obtained from English-Persian Mizan parallel corpus. Apache’s Solr was also applied to record the creep of the documents and their indexation. The accuracy mean of the proposed method revealed to be 98.82% when employing highly accurate translation tools which indicate the high accuracy of the proposed method. Also, Google translation service showed the accuracy mean to be 56.9%. These tests demonstrate that improved translation tools enhance the accuracy of the proposed method.

No Harm, Still Foul: Concerns About Reputation Drive Dislike of Harmless Plagiarizers.

Across a variety of situations, people strongly condemn plagiarizers who steal credit for ideas, even when the theft in question does not appear to harm anyone. Why would people react negatively to relatively harmless acts of plagiarism? In six experiments, we predict and find that these negative reactions are driven by people's aversion toward agents who attempt to falsely improve their reputations. In Studies 1-3, participants condemn plagiarism cases that they agree are harmless (i.e., stealing credit from an anonymous source). This effect is mediated by the extent to which participants perceive the plagiarizer to have falsely benefitted from plagiarizing. In Studies 4-5, we demonstrate that this effect is not explained solely by participants' negative response to lies or violations of permission. In Study 6, participants condemn a plagiarism case in which the idea's original author actually benefits, providing the strongest evidence that people condemn plagiarism for reasons beyond perceived harm. We discuss how this work connects to broader questions of intellectual property and impression management.

Correcting the Scholarly Record in the Aftermath of Plagiarism: A Snapshot of Current‐Day Publishing Practices in Philosophy

AbstractIndividuals discovered to have engaged in serial plagiarism in philosophy are few, but the academic publishers falling victim to them are many. Some of the most respected publishing houses in philosophy have recently dealt with the problem of having published plagiarized material. The various responses by these publishers to an instance of serial plagiarism, one that involves forty‐three articles and book chapters, provides a real‐time snapshot of the practices for correcting the scholarly record. The analysis offered in this article yields a twofold conclusion: first, there is relatively little uniformity among publishers in philosophy for responding to plagiarism; and second, in comparison with the natural sciences the discipline of philosophy often falls short of the accepted practices for correcting the scholarly record. The article considers only public, documented cases of academic plagiarism in philosophy and makes no new allegations of plagiarism.

Fostering academic competence or putting students under general suspicion? Voluntary plagiarism check of academic papers by means of a web-based plagiarism detection system

In view of the increasing number of cases of plagiarism and the ease of use of online published texts, universities are faced with a considerable challenge to prevent and take action against plagiarism in academic student papers. In reaction to plagiarism, web-based plagiarism detection systems (PDSs) are increasingly used to check submitted papers - this checking entails various problems, for example the percentage of plagiarism found is only an indication of the actual extent of plagiarism and not all types of plagiarism can be identified. To cope with this problematic situation the voluntary plagiarism check (VPC), an alternative preventive university didactic concept, was developed at the University of Education, Freiburg (Germany). It focused on the development of individual skills. Students were able to submit their academic papers (e.g. an undergraduate paper, final thesis) anonymously. These were then tested with the PDS Ephorus. Following interpretation and summary of the findings by the project team - plagiarism as well as referencing mistakes - we advised the students on a suitable approach to academic writing based on their own typical mistakes. The VPC was conducted as a three-semester research project and was later evaluated. About 500 academic papers were tested. In 90% of the undergraduates’ work incorrect and/or missing citations were found. This high percentage decreased among students in later semesters. Instances of plagiarism were detected in about 40% of the papers when the texts of advanced students (≥6th semester) were tested. At the same time the length of the plagiarised texts decreased. Around half of the students stated that it was acceptable to copy single sentences or short passages from other sources without citation; they did not consider plagiarising on a limited scale as cheating. A similar number of students admitted to having doubts about whether they could write a good paper without plagiarising. Almost all students said that they had experienced considerable uncertainty, stress and fear while writing academic papers. The project results offer new insights into Internet-focused working strategies, on student justification for plagiarism and attitudes to literary property and on frequent mistakes. In addition to showing that there is broad acceptance among students of the VPC, the results can be taken into consideration in curriculum development and in developing courses to meet the needs of students. Keywords: voluntary plagiarism check; universitiy didactic concept; plagiarism check of academic papers

The Russian and International Practices of Identification of Irresponsible Journals and Authors

In 2016, a new project aimed at identification of irresponsible publishing practices in Russian scientific journals was launched in Russia. Research papers published in Russian journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission were checked in a semi- automated format using a software program developed specifically for the Russian project Dissernet. The 4-year realization of the Dissernet project allowed 6,000 false dissertations, which contained multi-page incorrect borrowings from other research works (plagiarism cases), to be identified. Thus far, over 50,000 research papers published in the Russian language have been checked. It has been found that in more than 2,000 cases the authors violated the basic principles of publication ethics. The statistics obtained has allowed three categories of ‘problem’ journals to be distinguished. The first category includes predatory journals that are characterized by a suspiciously large number of publications covering a wide range of topics; a rapid growth in the number of publications with time; the absence or fictional participation of esteemed scientists in the editorial board work; as well as the factual absence of the peer-review procedure. The second category includes well-estab-lished scientific journals with ‘a low immunity level’ that practice the peer-review procedure only formally, thus permitting the principles of scientific ethics to be violated. The third category includes journals whose editorial boards collaborate with those dissertation councils that ‘produce’ false dissertations on ‘an industrial scale’. The statistics of the retraction rate of research papers in Russia and worldwide is presented. A conclusion is drawn that the appalling state of scientific publishing in Russia is the result, on the one hand, of the seriously impaired system of scientific expertise in the society, and, on the other, of unreasonably high requirements that the Ministry of Education and Sciences in Russia apply to access the publication activity of Russian scientists and university lecturers.

BHA2

In the last decade, the plagiarism cases were increased and become a topical problem in the modern scientific world, caused by the quantity of textual information available online/offline. The authors' work deals on the development of a new plagiarism detector system called BHA2 which has as input the suspicious text (to be analysed) and the original texts (learning basis). It can detect the different forms of plagiarism based on: Google API to detect the cases of plagiarism with translation; text summarization to detect the plagiarism of idea; conceptual transformation to detect the plagiarism with synonymy; bag of phrases to detect the paraphraser plagiarism; the social worker bees algorithm that was inspired from the lifestyle of social worker bees (forager, guardian, and cleaner) to select the documents source of plagiarism; the output of the authors' system are the plagiarised passages (the copied parts from the original texts) and the plagiarism percentage for each suspicious text. Their experiments were performed on the Pan 09 dataset and using the validation measures (recall, precision, accuracy, error, f-measure, and entropy, FPR, FNR, W-accuracy, ROC and TCR) in order to show the benefit derived from using such idea compared to the result of classical systems existed in literature. A comparative study in term of services was realised between their system and others commercial systems such as (check, Turnitin, and machine learning system) with their system. Finally, a visualization step was achieved for the purpose to see the outcome in graphical form (3d cub and cobweb) with more realism using the functionalities of zooming and rotation.

A culture of sharing: transnational higher education students' views on plagiarism in the digital era

Higher education has greatly expanded and many transnational campuses have been established. The vast amount of educational material available online and the ease of sharing it electronically appear to have facilitated an increase in student plagiarism. Plagiarism may undermine the learning process of students and the quality of education that an institution provides. A survey was conducted at two Australian university campuses in Singapore to investigate transnational students' views on plagiarism. It was found that many students, while fully aware of obvious cases of plagiarism, would disagree with more complex cases, such as collusion and reuse of one's own work or of a friend's work. This suggests that current strategies for preventing plagiarism are not entirely effective. It is recommended that educative interventions such as induction and follow-up courses on plagiarism be provided to students and staff to ensure that academic integrity is maintained within the transnational education environment.

Fuzzy-Semantic Similarity for Automatic Multilingual Plagiarism Detection

A word may have multiple meanings or senses, it could be modeled by considering that words in a sentence have a fuzzy set that contains words with similar meaning, which make detecting plagiarism a hard task especially when dealing with semantic meaning, and even harder for cross language plagiarism detection. Arabic is known by its richness, word’s constructions and meanings diversity, hence changing texts from/to Arabic is a complex task, and therefore adopting a fuzzy semantic-based approach seems to be the best solution. In this paper, we propose a detailed fuzzy semantic-based similarity model for analyzing and comparing texts in CLP cases, in accordance with the WordNet lexical database, to detect plagiarism in documents translated from/to Arabic, a preprocessing phase is essential to form operable data for the fuzzy process. The proposed method was applied to two texts (Arabic/English), taking into consideration the specificities of the Arabic language. The result shows that the proposed method can detect 85% of the plagiarism cases.

Detection of idea plagiarism using syntax–Semantic concept extractions with genetic algorithm

Plagiarism is increasingly becoming a major issue in the academic and educational domains. Automated and effective plagiarism detection systems are direly required to curtail this information breach, especially in tackling idea plagiarism. The proposed approach is aimed to detect such plagiarism cases, where the idea of a third party is adopted and presented intelligently so that at the surface level, plagiarism cannot be unmasked. The reported work aims to explore syntax-semantic concept extractions with genetic algorithm in detecting cases of idea plagiarism. The work mainly focuses on idea plagiarism where the source ideas are plagiarized and represented in a summarized form. Plagiarism detection is employed at both the document and passage levels by exploiting the document concepts at various structural levels. Initially, the idea embedded within the given source document is captured using sentence level concept extraction with genetic algorithm. Document level detection is facilitated with word-level concepts where syntactic information is extracted and the non-plagiarized documents are pruned. A combined similarity metric that utilizes the semantic level concept extraction is then employed for passage level detection. The proposed approach is tested on PAN13-1411http://pan.webis.de/.plagiarism corpus for summary obfuscation data, which represents a challenging case of idea plagiarism. The performance of the current approach and its variations are evaluated both at the document and passage levels, using information retrieval and PAN plagiarism measures respectively. The results are also compared against six top ranked plagiarism detection systems submitted as a part of PAN13-14 competition. The results obtained are found to exhibit significant improvement over the compared systems and hence reflects the potency of the proposed syntax-semantic based concept extractions in detecting idea plagiarism.

Cross-language plagiarism detection over continuous-space- and knowledge graph-based representations of language

Cross-language (CL) plagiarism detection aims at detecting plagiarised fragments of text among documents in different languages. The main research question of this work is on whether knowledge graph representations and continuous space representations can complement to each other and improve the state-of-the-art performance in CL plagiarism detection methods. In this sense, we propose and evaluate hybrid models to assess the semantic similarity of two segments of text in different languages. The proposed hybrid models combine knowledge graph representations with continuous space representations aiming at exploiting their complementarity in capturing different aspects of cross-lingual similarity. We also present the continuous word alignment-based similarity analysis, a new model to estimate similarity between text fragments. We compare the aforementioned approaches with several state-of-the-art models in the task of CL plagiarism detection and study their performance in detecting different length and obfuscation types of plagiarism cases. We conduct experiments over Spanish-English and German-English datasets. Experimental results show that continuous representations allow the continuous word alignment-based similarity analysis model to obtain competitive results and the knowledge-based document similarity model to outperform the state-of-the-art in CL plagiarism detection.

Strategies for Using Plagiarism Software in the Screening of Incoming Journal Manuscripts: Recommendations Based on a Recent Literature Survey.

In recent years, several online tools have appeared capable of identifying potential plagiarism in science. While such tools may help to maintain or even increase the originality and ethical quality of the scientific literature, no apparent consensus exists among editors on the degree of plagiarism or self-plagiarism necessary to reject or retract manuscripts. In this study, two entire volumes of published original papers and reviews from Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology were retrospectively scanned for similarity in anonymized form using iThenticate software to explore measures to predictively identify true plagiarism and self-plagiarism and to potentially provide guidelines for future screening of incoming manuscripts. Several filters were applied, all of which appeared to lower the noise from irrelevant hits. The main conclusions were that plagiarism software offers a unique opportunity to screen for plagiarism easily but also that it has to be employed with caution as automated or uncritical use is far too unreliable to allow a fair basis for judging the degree of plagiarism in a manuscript. This remains the job of senior editors. Whereas a few cases of self-plagiarism that would not likely have been accepted with today's guidelines were indeed identified, no cases of fraud or serious plagiarism were found. Potential guidelines are discussed.

Membangun Karakter Mahasiswa Melalui Pelatihan ESQ Guna Meningkatkan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Untag Surabaya

Symptoms of dishonesty among students and the community, which marked the modeled mass assignments and exams, plagiarism cases of scientific work at several universities, indiscipline in the lecture, and corruption increased. Indicator character of the nation, especially students who began to decline becomes an important issue to study, to overcome the problems of the characters needed models that synergize all intelligence training, not only intellectual but also emotional and spiritual intelligence. The ESQ training models in an effort to build positive character of the student so that the student is not getting the moral decline. Through training, in the long run will result in increased student competence, as a potential future leader of the nation. Human Resources is able to compete, adapt, intelligent and moral, culture of corruption so lost. The population in this research is student of the faculty of economic in 2012 in Untag Surabaya.with the total number of 600 student.From the test result, analsysis of Smart PLS, random sampling method by software SmartPls 2.0,on 30 respondents,  the study states that the ESQ training is the right model to build student character FE UNTAG Surabaya force in 2012 and build the character of students is the right model for enhancing student competence UNTAG Surabaya. ESQ training but do not directly improve the competence of students, through build character first. Key words: ESQ training, build character, competence

Semantic Similarity/Relatedness for Cross Language Plagiarism Detection

<p>Generally utterances in natural language are highly ambiguous, and a unique interpretation can usually be determined only by taking into account the context in the utterance occurred. Automatically determining the correct sense of a polysemous word is a complicated problem especially in multilingual corpuses. This paper presents an application programming interface for several Semantic Relatedness/Similarity metrics measuring semantic similarity/distance between multilingual words and concepts, in order to use it after for sentences and paragraphs in Cross Language Plagiarism Detection (CLPD); using WordNet for the English-French and English-Arabic multilingual plagiarism cases.</p>

Ethical Considerations in an Educational Research: A Critical Analysis

In recent years, educational researchers in particular have started showing more interest and awareness towards ethical guidelines and codes while conducting educational researches. This trend stems from the popularity of the online researches and sophisticated software to crosscheck if the written text is ethically correct or not exactly plagiarized. This has culminated into the authenticity and validity of some of the contemporary styles of research being employed to new research methodologies. This paper is a theoretical analysis of the concept and importance of ethical guidelines and the cases of plagiarism. In addition, certain reasons of plagiarizing tendencies have also been dealt with. Conclusions have been drawn from personal experience, related works and university norms to incorporate an ethical code of conduct in the domain of educational research.

Plagiarism in English academic writing: A comparison of Chinese university teachers' and students' understandings and stances

Research on plagiarism has largely left English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) teachers out of the picture. This study set out to bridge the gap by comparing how 142 Chinese university EFL teachers and 270 undergraduate students viewed exemplars of unacknowledged copying and unattributed paraphrasing, two forms of intertextuality generally regarded as plagiarism in Anglo-American academia. More than half of the teacher participants had overseas academic experience. Quantitative and qualitative analyses found that the participants, though understanding plagiarism in English academic writing differently from Anglo-American academia, clearly disapproved of recognized cases of plagiarism. The analyses also revealed that greater knowledge of and harsher stances on both types of transgressive intertextuality were associated with wider exposure to and more experience in English academic writing. Furthermore, the participants had more similar understandings of unacknowledged copying than of unattributed paraphrasing and took harsher stances on the former. These findings highlight complex and nuanced understandings of plagiarism and point to the crucial role of academic socialization in shaping knowledge of and attitudes toward plagiarism.

Odpowiedzialność przekładoznawcy, czyli o normatywności i granicach interpretacyjnej swobody tłumacza (przypadek Johna le Carré)

The Responsibility of Translation Studies Scholar, or Reflections on Normativity and Freedom of Interpretation (the Case of John le Carré) The translatologist – as an academic researcher – rarely faces the necessity to take legal responsibility for the results of his or her scholarly analysis. Especially today, in the western culture of the second decade of the 21st century, the freedom of theoretical reflection is regarded as an essential element of intellectual development of an individual and as a sine-qua-non condition for the change of discursive, and perceptive, paradigms sensu largo. However, when the translator assumes the role of an expert in the course of legal proceedings related to cases of possible translation plagiarism – the results of his or her intellectual exploration can no longer be construed merely as “theoretical proposals”. In the case presented in this article, such awareness resulted in the fact that the authors, considering themselves poststructural scholars, chose to return to structuralist methodological approaches (variantivity), norms in translation, and to the concept of the tertium comparationis, which, in the context of a comparative analysis of two translations, is the source text.

Група «Плагіат» як сегмент антиплагіатного дискурсу

The main objective of the study was a survey of documents and content posted in the “Plagiarism” open group on social network Facebook. The research tasks were the following: 1) to analyze the content of the newsfeed in the group and files published in it; 2) to classify posts in the group by type; 3) to define topics of discussions in the group; 4) to describe anti-plagiarism activities of the group members. Among the research methods, we used document analysis to analyse 1) articles (in order to determine the essence, characteristics, types of plagiarism) and 2) content published in the “Plagiarism” group (in order to define and classify posts by type and thematic scope as well as outline areas of anti-plagiarism activities of the group members). Grouping method was used for the ordered description of the different-type objects, such as some posts in the “Plagiarism” group. Analysis of the documents and the newsfeed content allowed making the following conclusions. 1. Forty-three documents published in the “Files” section refer to: a) upholding the principles of academic honesty, prevention of plagiarism and anti-plagiarism activities; b) development of the “Black List of Ukrainian Plagiarists” database; c) disclosure of information about committing plagiarism by certain persons; on the base of comparison test tables composed by E. Shestakova and T. Parkhomenko we have set up a register of academic plagiarism types; d) activities of the National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education. 2. Posts on the newsfeed (2012-2017) were grouped according to the following criteria: 1) the subject of discussions (16 positions); 2) types of messages (13 positions). We outlined further activities of the group members: 1) detection of specific cases of plagiarism, disclosure of them, and efforts to punish the plagiarists; 2) analysis of specialized scientific periodicals for following the requirements of academic honesty and fight against the so-called “trash” journals; 3) preventing the spread of plagiarism. The work of active members of the “Plagiarism” group contributes to the formation of a specific online archive of materials primarily related to academic plagiarism. Information saved in the group can be used as empirical material for the theoretical generalizations and newsworthy event for mass media. All facts specified in the article indicate that the “Plagiarism” group is an essential segment of a social and communicative discourse that is inspired by the plagiarism expansion in all spheres of society life. The research of “Plagiarism” group content gives an opportunity to find out the most contradictory spheres of the plagiary discourse and to find the ways of overcoming the plagiary problem.