Cases Of Oral Lesions Research Articles

Occurrence of Oral, Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancers in Saurashtra Region, Gujarat, India A study of 1,006 cases of Oral Lesions

Background: Cancer of the oral region is a major health problem in India and across the world. It is a lifestyle related cancer mainly associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, betel nut, poor oral hygiene etc. Early screening and diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions is important to improve patient outcome. Histopathological examination of the biopsies remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study carried out over a period of three years i.e., 2019 to 2021 in the Department of Pathology at Shree M.P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar, Gujarat. A total of 1006 cases of oral biopsies were studied for the parameters such as age, sex, site involved, presence of risk factors (e.g., use of tobacco), type of lesion and immunohistochemistry marker positivity.Aims and Objectives 1.To study the year-wise distribution oral, oropharyngeal and laryngeal premalignant and malignant lesions in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat, India.2.To analyze cases of oral malignancies in this region with regard to gender, age, site involved, type of lesion, history of tobacco exposure etc.Results: Out of 1006 cases studied, 832 (82.7%) were malignant and remaining 174 (17.29%) were found pre-malignant on histopathological examination. The Male: Female ratio was found to be 5.1:1. The largest number of patients were seen in the age group of 41 - 60 years. The most common site involved in our study was buccal mucosa. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common lesion among the malignant lesions.Conclusion: Cancers of oral cavity, pharynx and larynx are highly prevalent in males of this region and are associated with lifestyle related factors such as tobacco use, alcohol intake etc. Histopathological examination and typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy.

Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience

Oral cancer is one of a major health problem in some parts of the world especially in the developing countries. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world whereas in India it is one of the most prevalent cancer. Oral cavity lesions are usually asymptomatic. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion is the first step for the proper management of patients and histopathology is considered as the gold standard. The objective is to study the different patterns of oral cavity lesions seen in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu: One year retrospective study. Post graduate department of pathology.: It was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year from March 2020 to Feb 2021. 148 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The parameters that were included in the study were sociodemographic data, site of the lesion, clinical features and histological diagnosis. Data collected was analysed.148 cases of oral lesions were identified during the period of study. The age of patients varied from 5 to 78years and Male to Female ratio was 2.2:1. Buccal mucosa (30%) was the most common site involved which was followed by tonsil (19%). Out of 148 cases 70 cases were malignant, 10 cases pre malignant and 21 cases were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma (33.7%) was the most common lesion present in our study. Oral cavity lesions have a vast spectrum of diseases which range from tumour like lesions to benign and malignant tumours. Our study concluded that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity. Histological typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy and it is essential for the proper management of the patient.

A scientific survey on 1550 cases of oral lesions diagnosed in a Brazilian referral center.

The present study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey on the prevalence rate of oral lesions diagnosed in a referral center in Brazil and to establish association between the lesions and the age and gender of the affected patients. This analytical observational study analyzed 3521 medical records of anatomopathological exams of the Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Laboratory of the Cancer Hospital of the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), from December 2011 to September 2015. A total of 1550 relevant medical records was detected. Patients aging between 41 and 60 consisted of 42.84% of the sample. Males were more affected than females (60.13%). Inflammatory processess consisted of the most prevalent diagnosis (43.29%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.06%), and periapical granuloma (5.23%). Oral health public policies must give major attention to Brazilian males aged between the fourth and sixth decades of life in order to improve their quality of life.

Oral Lesions in Elderly Patients in Referral Centers for Oral Lesions of Bahia.

Introduction The aging population phenomenon is occurring on a global scale; aging affects all of the structures of organisms, including the oral cavity. Objective To estimate the frequency of oral lesions, according to the clinical and histopathologic diagnoses, and to describe the sociodemographic profile of the elderly treated at the referral centers of oral lesions of public universities in Bahia, Brazil. Methods A descriptive epidemiologic study with transverse characteristics was conducted with elderly patients between August 2010 and January 2012. A form was used to collect data. The descriptive analysis consisted of calculating the simple and relative frequencies of sociodemographic variables and oral lesions. Results The population was predominantly black women, and the minority of elderly people were retired. Fibroid (13%) and squamous cell carcinoma (145%) were more prevalent clinical diagnoses, with squamous cell carcinoma (30.7%) and fibrous hyperplasia more prevalent histopathologic diagnoses. Conclusion A prevention policy needs to be implemented to reduce new cases of oral lesions in Bahia, Brazil and to aid in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of oral lesions.

ORAL DISEASE IN FIVE PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HIV AND SCREENED FOR EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

Oral opportunistic infections can lead to a range of diseases in people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among them, herpes viruses are responsible for common diseases in HIV positive people. Both benign and malignant oral diseases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Five cases of oral lesions from a cohort of HIV positive patients were associated with EBV detection in the oral mucosa. Active EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in three of the samples. Of the two cases with herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)-like ulcers, only one was associated with EBV detection. Similarly, only one candidiasis case was also EBV DNA positive. Severe immunosuppression was found in the patient with candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia. This man, who harbored the EBV-2 strain, was also positive for EBNA-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) message and showed several symptoms indicative of disease development. This study provides baseline data on the dynamics of opportunistic oral infections in HIV infected individuals in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), as well as the detection of EBV markers and their link with clinical outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v20i1.143

P53 Codon 72 Gene Polymorphism Studies and p53 Expression by IHC in Oral Lesions as Risk Factor for Malignancy

Background: Wild type p53 nuclear phosphoproteins are critical cell cycle regulatory tumor suppressor gene. Genetic mutation of p53 gene is common in several Head - Neck cancers, usually associated with smoking and HPV infection. In India, instead of HPV, tobacco/pan masala chewing are more commonly associated with oral cancer, hence the present study was planned. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 cases of oral lesions comprising 6 cases of leukoplakia and 35 cases of oral SCC, between 30-60 years age, and were tobacco/pan masala chewers were taken. Analysis of p53 codon 72 gene polymorphism was performed by PCR - RFLP for Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro. Tissue expression of p53 was done by IHC. Results: Genotype frequencies of 35 carcinoma cases of p53 Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro were 23%, 57% and 20% respectively and 6 leukoplakia cases of p53 Arg/Arg, and Arg/Pro genotype were 50% and 50% respectively. By IHC for expression of P53 out of 35 cases of OSCC biopsies 17(48.57%) had weak staining, 14 cases (40%) showed evidence of P53 protein staining and 4 cases (11.42%) showed negative staining. Among 6 cases of Leukoplakia, 3(50%) showed weak staining and 3(50%) showed negative results. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that there is no significant association between P53 codon 72 gene polymorphism and p53 expression by IHC with OSCC and Leukoplakia, associated with tobacco/ pan-masala chewing.

P53 codon 72 gene polymorphism studies and p53 expression by IHC in oral lesions as risk factor for malignancy

Background Genetic mutation of p53 gene is common in several head and neck cancers, usually associated with smoking and HPV infection. In India, instead of HPV, tobacco/Pan Masala chewing are more commonly associated with oral cancer. Accordingly, the present study was planned. Materials and method A total 41 cases of oral lesions which comprise 6 cases of leukoplakia and 35 cases of oral SCC were studied. The patients were between 30 and 60 years age and were tobacco/Pan Masala chewers. Analysis of p53 codon 72 gene polymorphisms was performed by PCR RFLP for Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro. Tissue expression of p53 was done by IHC. Results Genotype frequencies of 35 carcinoma cases of p53 Arg/ Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro were 22.86%, 57.15% and 20%, respectively, and 6 leukoplakia cases of p53 Arg/Arg, and Arg/ Pro genotype were 50% and 50%. Out of 21 oral SCC biopsies, 14 (66.66%) showed p53 protein staining, 3 (14.28%) had weak staining and 4 (19.04%) showed negative staining. Among 6 cases of leukoplakia, 3 (50%) showed weak staining and 3 (50%) showed negative staining. Conclusion The findings indicate that Arg/Pro polymorphism of p53 codon 72 gene and p53 IHC expression might be associated with oral SCC/ leukoplakia.

Adverse oral reactions associated with the COX‐2 inhibitor rofecoxib

Rofecoxib is an inhibitor of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent especially in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The adverse effects are generally less than with other anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and no oral adverse reactions have been reported in the literature. We present three cases of oral lesions caused by rofecoxib. Extensive erosions appeared, which in all cases resolved on withdrawal of the drug.