Cases Of Ocular Infection Research Articles

Mycotic keratitis due to rare fungal species Neoscytalidium

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a plant pathogen that rarely causes human infection. Very few cases of ocular infection have been reported. We report a case series of three patients who presented with keratitis caused by it. The culture showed effuse, white-to-grayish colonies with yellow-to-deep orange colony reverse. Chains of arthroconidia typical of Neoscytalidium were seen on staining with lactophenol cotton blue. Two patients responded to topical antifungal treatment while one needed therapeutic keratoplasty. Hence, early diagnosis and intensive antifungal treatment are essential for successful healing in mycotic keratitis caused by Neoscytalidium species.

Rapidly Developing and Extensive Kingella kingae Keratitis after Blunt Trauma in a Contact Lens Wearer.

Kingella kingae is a gram-negative nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus that is mainly associated with infections of the skeletal, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in children [1]. Very few cases of ocular infections have been published so far, mainly presenting a keratitis and/or corneal ulcer [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. In this case report, an unusually rapid and extensive corneal affection after blunt trauma in a contact lens wearer is described.

One Year Retrospective Study of Ocular Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Timisoara

Eye is the most important sensory organ concerned with the perception of vision. Ocular infections are one of the common diseases of the eye. Ocular infections as blepharitis, conjunctivitis, canaliculitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, scleritis, orbital cellulitis, endophthalmitis, panophthalmitis and other infections which are responsible for increased incidence of morbidity and blindness worldwide, their morbidity vary from self-limiting trivial infection to sight threatening infection. To identify the bacterial profile of ocular infections in patients attending Ophthalmology Department. After clinical diagnosis of ocular infection made by Ophthalmologist, specimens were collected with the help of Ophthalmologist. Samples like eyelid swab, pus from dacryocystitis, corneal scrapings, corneal swab, and tissue specimens from 189 patients attending Ophthalmology Department were analyzed from 01.01.2014 to 01.01.2015. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, samples were collected according to the standard protocol. Inclusion criteria: 1. Clinically diagnosed cases of ocular infections attending Outpatient Department and Inpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Tertiary Care Center from Timisoara 2. Patients not on antibiotics (systemic or either topical) will be included in the study. 3. Patients not responding to antibiotics. Exclusion criteria: 1. Non-infectious etiology of ocular diseases. The material was examined Gram staining. The specimens were cultured on sheep�s blood agar, Chocolate agar and MacConkey agar, Chapman agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar. Drug susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer).The most common bacterial pathogen isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (29.7%) followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (22.1%), other organisms isolated are Streptococcus pneumonia (17.9%), Klebsiella spp. (6.3%), Escherichia coli (4.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.4%). Among the opportunistic pathogens, Staphylococcus epidermidis, (22.1%) were the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.45%). Bacterial isolates were highly susceptible to Vancomycin (100%), Gentamicin (92.1%) among Gram positive organisms. The Gram negative organisms are highly susceptible to Tobramycin (95.4%) and Imipenem (87.9%). The study suggests that Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common etiological agents of Ocular infections. Most of the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin and Tobramycin. Persistent efforts should be put for continuous surveillance and epidemiological characterization which are imperative to treat and prevent morbidity and blindness of population at risk.

The first feline and new canine cases of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida: Thelaziidae) infection in Hungary

BackgroundIn Europe, the first Thelazia callipaeda infections were found in the eyes of some dogs in Italy three decades ago. Since that time, this vector-borne nematode species has been diagnosed in domestic and wild carnivores and humans in some western European countries. During the last few years, autochthonous thelaziosis of dogs, red foxes, cats and humans has also been reported from eastern Europe. The first cases of ocular infections caused by T. callipaeda have been described in dogs living in the eastern and southern part of Slovakia and Hungary.MethodsWhitish parasites found in the conjuctival sac and/or under the third eyelid of one or both eyes of animals were removed and morphologically identified according to species and sex. To confirm the morphological identification with molecular analysis a single step conventional PCR was carried out.ResultsA total of 116 adult worms (1–37 per dog, median: 7, IQR: 14.5 and 7 from a cat) were collected from the eyes of 11 animals. Nematodes were identified as T. callipaeda according to the morphological keys and molecular analysis. The sequences of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were identical to those representing T. callipaeda haplotype 1, previously reported in neighbouring and other European countries. Since the infected cat and dogs had never travelled abroad, all of the cases were autochthonous thelaziosis.ConclusionsThe present study reports the first case of thelaziosis in a cat and new cases in 10 dogs found in the southern and northern region of Hungary, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify whether wild carnivores (e.g. red foxes, golden jackals) may act as reservoirs of this eyeworm species in the country.

Epithelium-on photorefractive intrastromal cross-linking (PiXL) for reduction of low myopia.

PurposeTo report the 9–12-month outcomes of a novel procedure for reduction of low myopia through epithelium-on photorefractive intrastromal cross-linking (PiXL) with customized control of topographic distribution of ultraviolet (UV)-fluence.MethodMyopic patients with normal (non-ectatic) corneas underwent the PiXL procedure for reduction of low myopia. PiXL treatments were delivered through selective application of UVA light based on the refractive error of each patient. Clinical evaluation included safety (corrected distance visual acuity, endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, anterior ocular health) and efficacy (uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, K-mean) examinations. In addition, a patient satisfaction survey was conducted at 9 months post-procedure to evaluate patients’ subjective experience with the procedure.ResultsFourteen myopic eyes (mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent −1.62±0.6D; range −0.75 to −2.65D) of 8 subjects (mean age 30 years old; range 24–51 years old) were enrolled in the study. At 12 months post-procedure, a mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent reduction of 0.72±0.43D (P<0.001) was observed, with a corresponding gain in uncorrected visual acuity of 0.25 logMAR and mean K-mean flattening of 0.47±0.46D. All patients achieved best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better from 1 month onward. There were no cases of ocular infection or secondary changes to the crystalline lens and retina due to UV exposure, while transient corneal haze subsided gradually.ConclusionThe epithelium-on PiXL procedure was safe and effective in reducing myopic refractive error in this study with up to 12 months follow-up. Early results of this novel application of collagen cross-linking are encouraging but longer-term data in larger studies are required.PrecisThis paper serves to introduce and report the early clinical results of epithelium-on PiXL, a novel application of cornea cross-linking, in reducing low myopia in Asian eyes, which are under-represented in studies of similar design.

Ocular infection secondary to gemella

To report four cases of ocular infection caused by Gemella species. Microbial identification was carried out using the MicroScan Walkaway system (Dade Behring) and/or Vitek-2 (bioMérieux) and susceptibility testing with either Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion and/or Vitek-2. The paper is presented as an interventional case report. Four patients developed infection due to Gemella species. All responded to vancomycin or fortified aminoglycosides and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Gemella spp. can cause opportunistic infections in the eye.

Filter paper strip kit: a cost-effective transport media

This study was undertaken to discover a feasible transport media for the transportation of ocular microbiological material from the periphery to the central laboratory. A total of 94 cases of ocular infection with clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis and keratitis were studied. In all cases, two representative microbiological samples were collected, and sent by filter paper strip (FPS) kit as well as by direct culture technique. The isolated organisms by both the methods were analysed. Of the total 94 cases studied, bacteria were isolated in 48 cases by direct culture and in 45 cases by FPS kit, whereas, fungus were isolated in 13 cases by each method. FPS kit appears to be an alternative, feasible, and cost-effective technique for transportation of ocular microbiological material from periphery to the central laboratory.

Ocular Infections Associated With Comamonas acidovorans

Comamonas acidovorans (Pseudomonas acidovorans) is a ubiquitous gram-negative rod. Although generally considered nonpathogenic, we found C. acidovorans to be associated with six cases of ocular infections. The organism was the only isolate in three cases, whereas an association of other organisms was present in three cases. The multiple resistance patterns of these strains to antibiotic susceptibility testing emphasizes the need for culturing ocular infections. We recommend the identification and susceptibility testing of all ocular gram-negative rod isolates.

EFFECT OF IRRADIATION, IMMUNITY AND OTHER FACTORS ON VACCINIAL INFECTION

THE PREVENTION of permanent impairment of vision is the goal in the treatment of any infection of the eye. Accidental ocular infection with vaccinia occurs usually as a complication of prophylactic immunization against smallpox. The eye may be inoculated by a transference of virus from the site of vaccination or from another's lesion or dressing. Rarely does infection occur as a laboratory accident in the course of the preparation or experimental use of the virus. The danger of ocular infection lies in involvement of the cornea, with subsequent development of an opaque scar. Although millions of vaccinations are done yearly, the total number of cases of ocular infection with vaccinia reported to date only slightly exceeds 200. 1 Fortunately, the patient is usually partially immune at the time of inoculation of the eye. Infection of the lid and conjunctiva is relatively commoner than that of the cornea, and recovery is

CONJUNCTIVITIS INFECTIOSA NECROTICANS (PASCHEFF)

Since the orginal report of Parinaud, thirty years ago, on the type of conjunctivitis that has since borne his name, many cases have been recorded in the literature with this diagnosis. Some of them were of the same character as those reported in the original article, while others bore no clinical resemblance to this disease. Subsequent investigation has developed the fact that monocular infections of the conjunctiva, with glandular involvement, may be due to more than one cause. Verhoeff, 1 both in his early and in his late reports, is convinced that the type more nearly representing the original Parinaud type is due to leptothrix. Other writers have found the human, bovine and pseudotubercle bacilli. Vail 2 reported what is believed to be the first case of ocular infection with squirrel plague, or with Bacterium tularense . Recently, Patton and Gifford 3 reported a type of monocular disease that they called