Cases Of Gynecological Malignancies Research Articles

Retrospective Observational Study of Surgically Treated Gynaecological Malignancies at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bihar

Non-communicable diseases form a major bulk of patients in our country and are now the target of policy makers in India. Cancer is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality and needs to be tackled aggressively. Female genital tract malignancies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution and frequency vary from one region to another. The objective of this study is to determine the patterns and frequencies of female genital tract malignancies in our population. The current study is a retrospective analysis of all operated cases of gynaecological malignancies from January 2012 to December 2016 at a tertiary care centre in Bihar. Out of 264 cases operated, 150 cases (56.81%) were of ovarian cancer, 83 (31.44%) were of cervical cancer, 26 (9.84%) were of endometrial cancer, 3 (1.14%) were of vulvar cancer, 1 (0.38%) was of choriocarcinoma and 1 (0.38%) was of fallopian tube carcinoma. A total of 264 cases of gynaecological malignancies underwent surgery. Ovarian cancer was the most common (56.81%), followed by cervical cancer (31.44%). The age of occurrence of gynaecological malignancies ranged from 9 to 70 years, and the mean age of presentation was 44 years. Peak frequency is observed in the fifth decade of life. Serous cyst adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type in ovarian cancer, squamous cell carcinoma was the most common in cervical and vulvar cancers and endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common type in endometrial cancer. Many rare histopathological variants were noted in our study. As ovarian cancer is tricky, is hard to spot and spreads faster than any other cancer in the female reproductive system, the awareness of risk factors and that of vague symptoms can lead to early detection. Cervical cancer is preventable. To bring down its incidence rate, the Indian government, like its Western counterparts, needs to implement strict screening guidelines and strengthen our primary health centres and community health centres with facilities for screening.

Profile of Gynaecological Malignancies in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria

Background: Comprehensive estimates of the incidence of gynaecological malignancies reported from Nigeria are very limited due to limitation in record maintenance. Female cancer is a public health problem the world over. The malignancies of the female genital organs are major causes of morbidity and mortality which necessitates data for policy formulation and health planning. Aim: To establish the profile of gynaecologic malignancies reported in our centre, with reference to incidence, histological subtypes and frequency of involvement at various sites and to compare the procured data with those from other national and international centers. Materials and Method: In this descriptive retrospective study, the records pertaining to all the pathological specimens categorized as gynaecological malignancies from January 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2015 at our facility were studied and compared with the available international data. Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7.2.1 (CDC Atlanta Georgia). Result: Two hundred and eleven (211) cases of gynaecological malignancies were seen during the study period and this constituted 13.4% of gynaecological admissions. Cervical malignancies were the commonest constituting 49.2% of all gynaecological malignancies followed by ovarian malignancies (27.8%), endometrial cancers (11.9%), vulva (5.6%), choriocarcina (3.9%) and vagina (1.6%). The data obtained was compared with data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) programme in the United States and European Union. All malignancies except cervical cancers affected a younger age group at our centre. Cervical cancers presented at a relatively more advanced stage, Ovarian cancers were more localized, whereas uterine, vulva and vaginal cancers presented at a similar stages as compared to Western data. Conclusion: This study presents a composite data of Gynaecological malignancies from Southeast Nigeria. Advanced stage of presentation of cervical cancers suggests lacunae in screening programmes available. Compared with Western data, ovarian malignancies were more localized at presentation for which environmental or genetic factors may be responsible.

Pattern of Gynaecological Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Gynaecological malignancies are the second most common cancer of females after cancer breast. Gynaecological malignancies contribute significantly to cancer burden and have a higher rate of mortality and morbidity. Carcinoma cervix is the commonest gynaecological malignancy in developing countries while in developed countries, ovarian cancer is the commonest. Comprehensive statistics on gynecologic malignancies reported from Bangladesh are deficient. This study was performed to ascertain the profile of gynecologic cancers reported at our center regarding demography, the frequency of involvement at various sites, clinical presentation, incidence, histologic subtypes and stage at presentation. Methods: This is a retrospective study where the records of the Departments of Gynecology and Pathology at Enam Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh were retrospectively reviewed to identify all cases of Gynecologic malignancies and to determine the pattern of gynaecological malignancies identified between January 2015 and December, 2018. Results: Cervical cancer (53%) was the most common gynaecological malignancy, followed by ovarian cancer (29%), uterine cancer (8%), vulvar cancer (5%) and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN 5%). In the case of cervical and ovarian cancer the most common age group was 41 - 50 years and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN). The majority of patients presented at the ages of 31 - 40 years while uterine cancer presented in the elderly (>60 years). Among the patients studied 88% were multiparous. Of the cervical cancer cases, 96.22% was squamous cell carcinoma and commonest presenting complains were contact bleeding (33.96%) and excessive and irregular menstruation (26.41%). Among ovarian tumor cases 69% had epithelial while 31% had non-epithelial cancer and predo&

Age distribution, site of origin and HIV status of cases of gynaecological malignancies seen at a radiotherapy facility in Northern Nigeria

Background: Gynecological malignancies are very common in Northern Nigeria. Although cervical cancer has been classified as HIV-related malignancy, little information is available on the pattern of presentation of gynecological malignancies in HIV patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the age distribution, site of origin, stage, and HIV status of cases of gynecological malignancies seen at a radiotherapy facility in Northern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2011, consecutive patients with histologically confirmed gynecological malignancies were studied retrospectively and evaluated with respect to age, site of tumor, histological type, stage of disease, and retroviral status. Patients' folders were reviewed using a standardized structured proforma. Results were analyzed using Epi Info software 3.4.1, 2007 edition. Results: A total of 350 gynecological malignant cases were reviewed. The age range was 21-86 years, with a mean age of 49 years, a modal age group of 41-50 years, and a median age of 50 years. The commonest gynecological malignancy observed was cervical cancer (81.7%), followed by ovarian epithelial cancer (6%), endometrial cancer (4%), ovarian germ cell tumor (3.14%), vaginal cancer (2.3%), vulvar cancer (2.3%), and myometrial sarcoma (0.6%). In all, 85.1% patients had locally advanced disease, 9.4% had metastatic disease, and 5.4% had early stage disease at presentation. HIV seropositivity was 10.3%; however, 94.4% of those with HIV had cancer of the cervix. Conclusion: In this review, the peak modal age group for gynecological malignancies is the fifth decade of life. Cervical cancer is the commonest gynecological malignancy seen with preponderance of late stages of the disease at presentation. HIV seropositivity is highest among women with cervical cancer than among women with other cancers, as seen in the facility.

Pattern of gynaecological malignancies at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

Gynaecological malignancies contribute to the global burden of diseases and are of public health interest. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of distribution of gynaecological malignancies seen between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2006, at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. It was a retrospective descriptive study. A total of 166 cases of gynaecological malignancies were encountered, cervical cancer was the most common (59.6%). This was followed by ovarian cancer (21.1%), trophoblastic tumour (7.8%) and corpus uteri cancer (6.0%). Others included cancer of the vulva (3.6%) and cancer of the vagina (1.8%). Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 96.0% of cervical cancers. Epithelial tumours represented 60.0% of ovarian cancers, and serous cyst adenocarcinoma was the most common histological variety. All the vulval and vaginal cancers were of squamous cell type. In conclusion, genital malignancies are common and cervical cancer remains the leading gynaecological malignancy in this centre.

One Year Study of Clinicopathological Pattern of Gynaecological Malignancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital

AIM: To study the clinicopathological pattern of gynaecological neoplasm with emphasis on their age, incidence, clinical features, type of malignancy, tumour stage at presentation and histological type. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a hospital based prospective study conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka from July 2004 to June 2005. During this period 100 cases of female genital tract malignancies were studied. After taking detailed history, physical examination and investigations, necessory surgical procedures were done. Tumours were staged clinically and typed histopathologically. RESULTS: Out of 100 cases of gynaecological malignancies, 82% were cervical cancers, 14% ovarian, 2% vulval and 1% each of endometrium and vaginal cancers. Gynaecological cancers were most common in age group between 40 & 60 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was commonest histological type in cervical vaginal & vulval cancers. Whereas serous adenocarcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma were commonest histological type in ovary & endometrium. Most of the cases were diagnosed in very advanced stage causing increase in morbidity&mortality. CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer is the most frequent gynaecological malignancy. Most of the cases were in advanced stage of the disease. Since it is a preventable disease national screening and awareness programmes are necessary to reduce the burden of cancer and improve the health of women.

An Analysis of Characteristics of Gynecological Malignancies in Young Women Aged Less than 30 Years

Objective To analysis the characteristics and optimal treatments of Gynecological malignancies in young women aged less than 30 years. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of gynecological malignancies in young women aged less than 30 years who were treated in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009, and a follow-up was made for the menstruation and fertility of the patients. Results 56 cases were identified from 721 cases of gynecological malignancies, including ovarian malignancies, choriocarcinoma malignancies, cervical cancer and uterus malignancies which were ranked in sequence.The most common ovarian malignancy was germ cell tumor. The case number of uterus malignancies was zero during the prior 5 years,and 3 during the latter 5 years. The case number of cervical cancer was 2 during the prior 5 years,and 7 during the latter 5 years. The rate of stage Ⅰ diagnosis were 76.7%, 100% ,35.7% and 66. 7%for ovarian malignancies, uterus malignancies, choriocarcinoma malignancies and cervical cancer respectively.Conservative treatments for fertility were performed for 14 cases of ovarian malignancies, 12 cases of choriocarcinoma malignancies and 1 case of cervical cancer in situ. From the successful follow-up of 10 cases of ovarian malignancies, all got near normal menstruation, total pregnancy number was 4 and 3 babies were got for 3 patients each. From the successful follow-up of 9 cases of choriocarcinoma malignancies, all got near normal menstruation, total pregnancy number was 2 and 1 baby was got. And the case of cervical cancer in situ was followed up for 1 year after coin resection without pregnancy note. Conclusion Ovarian malignancies were the most common gynecological malignancies in young women aged less than 30 years, followed by choriocarcinoma malignancies,cervical cancer and uterus malignancies. And the incidence of cervical cancer and uterus malignancies were increasing. Many kinds of conservative methods for conserving young women s ovary function and fertility function were explored and formatted in guideline. Key words: Young women; Malignant tumor; Diagnosis and treatment

Quality of life and gynecologic malignancies

In 2005, an estimated 79,480 new cases of gynecologic malignancies will be diagnosed, and almost 29,000 women will die. Treatment of gynecologic malignancies involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, all of which may affect a woman's physical, social, and emotional well-being. Although specific effects on quality of life (QOL) depend on disease site, treatment-, and patient-specific factors, common QOL issues include changes in physical functioning due to side effects of treatment, psychological distress due to fear and anxiety of recurrence, sexual dysfunction associated with anatomic and physiologic changes of treatment, and, for younger women, loss of childbearing potential. As new diagnostic and treatment strategies for gynecologic malignancies are developed, research efforts should include QOL consequences. Further studies are needed to develop strategies for identifying women at risk for serious QOL disruption so that effective interventions to assist these women can be designed.

ErbB-2, a c-erbB-2-coded protein, is expressed in metastatic cells of adenocarcinoma of endometrium, cervix and ovaries.

Ten cases of gynecologic malignancies, including three endometrial, two ovarian and four cervical carcinomas, were studied for the expression of a 185 kDa protein (ErbB-2), coded by a proto-oncogene, c-erbB-2, in primary lesions as well as in metastatic lesions. Positive immunoreactivity was observed in all primary adenocarcinomas but not from squamous cell carcinomas. Many adenocarcinoma cells in distant metastatic sites or in tertiary lymph nodes were strongly stained for ErbB-2. These metastatic cells also showed an expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Detection of ErbB-2 mRNA by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the transcription occurred exclusively in adenocarcinomas. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating ErbB-2 expression in distant metastatic lesions of gynecologic cancers.

A preliminary study on natural killer activity in0 patients with gynecologic malignancies

A release assay of 125IUdR-labelled K562 cells as target cells was performed for measuring natural killer (NK) activity of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of 92 cases, including 42 healthy women, 22 patients with gynecological benign tumors, and 28 patients with gynecological malignancies. The NK activity of malignant tumor group was obviously lower than that of healthy women and of benign tumor group, suggesting that a defective NK activity was present in the patients with gynecological malignancies. The NK activity in patients with ovarian malignant tumors was much lower than in those with cervical cancer, the difference being of statistical significance. In this study the leukocyte interferon was investigated for its effects on the NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 4 cases of gynecological malignancies. The level of NK activity ascended significantly in every case nearly to normal. The augmentation of NK activity by interferon may be used as a new immunotherapy for gynecological malignancies.

Plasma Prostaglandin Levels in Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies and Its Fluctuations during Chemotherapeutically-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity

Peripheral plasma prostaglandins (PGs) were assayed in 10 cases of gynecologic malignancies. In addition, fluctuations of PG levels during chemotherapeutically-induced gastrointestinal toxicity as well as those caused by a bolus infusion of steroid hormone were investigated. As a result, the level of PGE2 in most cases of gynecologic malignancies was seen above or around the upper limit of that in healthy women. During chemotherapy, the levels of PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) increased significantly compared to baseline levels (P less than 0.05). A bolus infusion of steroid hormone did not bring about any noticeable change in any of the levels of PGF2 alpha, TxB2, PGE2 or 6K. It may be inferred from these findings that PGs are synthesized in tumor tissue itself and released into plasma. Also, the finding that the levels of peripheral plasma PGs increased during chemotherapy suggested that such an increase in PG release could be one of the factors causing gastrointestinal toxicity. Based on the fact that there were no changes in levels of peripheral plasma PGs due to the administration of steroid hormone, however, we failed to support the proposal that steroid hormone suppresses the release of PG.