Without fresh or frozen tissue, it previously has been impossible to confirm the T-cell nature of reactive or neoplastic lymphoid cells. The availability of antibodies reactive with T cells in paraffin sections now allows retrospective analysis of a large number of cases. Two commercially available monoclonal antibodies, MT1 and MT2, were tested for their reactivities with T cells in a wide range of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, including 130 cases of immunologically characterized lymphoma. In reactive lymph nodes, MT1 stained the T-cell areas, whereas MT2 stained both the T-cell areas and mantle-zone B lymphocytes. MT1 stained 38 of 55 T-cell lymphomas (69.1%; 94.7% of cases from one hospital that used a shorter fixation time, and 55.6% of cases from another hospital that used a longer fixation time). MT2 stained only 6 (10.9%) of the T-cell lymphomas. Among the 74 cases of B-cell lymphoma, 3 (4.0%) were stained by MT1 and 30 (40.5%) by MT2.MT1 was also reactive with 3 of 4 cases of granulocytic sarcoma, as expected from its reactivity with normal granulocytes. Neither MT1 nor MT2 stained Reed-Sternberg cells or their variants in HodgKin's disease. We conclude that MT1 is a valuable marker for T cells, particularly when used with a panel of antibodies reactive with B cells in paraffin sections. MT2 is of limited value because of its cross-reactivity with many B-cell lymphomas.