Child Abuse Cases Research Articles

Pola Komunikasi Sosialisasi dan Perlindungan Hukum Anak terhadap Kasus Kekerasan pada Anak di Kabupaten Sumbawa

The definition of children differs in terms of age, for example, the Republic Indonesia Constitution no. 23 2002, children mean a person who has not reach the age of eighteen, and the one who is still in the womb. The commission of Indonesian Child Protection releases data about the child abuse in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020 that there are 3,824 cases of child as a victim of child abuse and facing the law. In Sumbawa itself, the total cases of child abuse are still high. This problem is reason why the Faculty of Social and Political Science Sumbawa University of Technology lecturers conduct a community service. This program was held in Sumbawa, particularly in the ballroom of Culture and Education Office of Sumbawa. The method in conducting the program was focus group discussion with the total participants of 15 people consisting of teachers of BK who teach in senior high school and the students who study in the high school. The results of the community service show that the causes of child abuse in Sumbawa are the overuse of gadget, parenting issue, stress, porn, and toxic relationship. The solutions that can be taken to prevent and solve the problem are communicating with child using psychology, sociology, and religious approach. Also, a program such as “ Satgas Anti Galau” can be implemented in school as the platform for students to have a consultation.

Medical Child Welfare Task Force: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Identifying Medical Child Abuse.

Medical child abuse is a complex form of maltreatment with powerful and long-lasting impacts on the overall health of affected children. The complexity of this condition renders it challenging for clinicians to recognize its presence and intervene appropriately. The failure of medical systems to identify and deescalate care in this form of maltreatment can result in grievous patient harm. Although the medical literature provides limited guidance on how to address these multifaceted cases, several studies advocate for a multidisciplinary approach. Following a severe and chronic case of medical child abuse at our institution, deficits in response became clear within our hospital system. In reaction to these gaps, the Medical Child Welfare Task Force was developed to formalize education and multidisciplinary collaboration around medical child abuse. The support of institutional leadership and the involvement of multiple medical disciplines that commonly encounter these patients was vital to the implementation and long-term success of the endeavor. To facilitate case identification, education was provided to clinicians in a variety of forums. Moreover, we leveraged the electronic medical record to streamline our ability to monitor cases of medical child abuse and communicate the concerns and plan of care to other providers, both within and outside of our health system. A postimplementation survey determined that the establishment of a multidisciplinary team increased provider comfort and skill in identifying and managing cases of suspected medical child abuse.

Estimating child maltreatment cases that could be alcohol-attributable in New Zealand.

Children are an important group harmed by others' alcohol consumption. This study (1) compared the risk of occurrence of child maltreatment among children exposed versus not exposed to parents with an alcohol-attributable hospitalization or service use for mental health/addiction and (2) conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the cases of child maltreatment that could be attributable to alcohol under two different conditions in New Zealand. A cohort study conducted among children 0-17 years and their parents (years 2000-2017) using the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure. The New Zealand Health Survey 2017 was also used. New Zealand. 58 359 children aged 0-17 years and their parents. Survival analysis based on a Bayesian piecewise exponential model was used to estimate the risk of time to first substantiated child maltreatment event (identified from social service, hospital, mortality and police data) related to exposure to parents with an alcohol-attributable hospitalization or who used a mental health/addiction service (versus no exposure). Potential confounders were included for parents and children. The sensitivity analyses (i) estimated an alcohol-attributable admissions/service use fraction for maltreatment in 2017 and (ii) calculated a population-attributable fraction using the relative risk from the cohort and prevalence of hazardous drinking (AUDIT 8+) among parents in 2017. There was a 65.1% [1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46-1.86] increased risk of child maltreatment if a child was exposed to parents who had an alcohol-attributable hospitalized or mental health/addictions service use. The sensitivity analyses estimated that in 2017 14.6% (CI = 14.0-15.3%) and 11.4% (95% CI = 8.4-14.3%) of the documented cases of child maltreatment in New Zealand could be attributable to parents with severe or hazardous consumption. In New Zealand, exposure to parents with an alcohol-attributable hospitalization or service use is a risk factor for substantiated child maltreatment.

Violence Against Children: The Impact of Social Media and Solving Social Problems Based on Local Wisdom in Makassar City, Indonesia

Handling the problem of child abuse needs to integrate local culture and modern systems so that the substance of the problem can be revealed by cultural values and the solution to the problem can be explained by modern academic methods. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze local forms of wisdom from social institutions in dealing with cases of child abuse; the form of impressions on social media that are categorized as triggers for acts of child violence; and the link between the anomie group and the problem of child abuse. The research approach uses case studies—data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The study results show that the symbiosis of local wisdom guided by initiation, assessment, and intervention can reduce violent behavior against children. On the other hand, cybercrime on social media and neglect of children in the anomie group are still ongoing. The research recommends to the government, that improvements to the local symbiotic pattern of wisdom and modern ways of handling child violence are needed and serious socialization is needed on the limits of understanding child neglect and exploitation among anomalies.

NOW THE SOLUTION IS HERE – SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR ORPHANED CHILDREN: THE EXTENDED CHILD SUPPORT GRANT

The current crisis in foster care was precipitated by using the child protection system to meet the social assistance needs of orphaned children. The new parallel system in the form of an extended child support grant system would enable children in the care of relatives to access an appropriate grant without having to go through a time-consuming and resource-intensive statutory process. This article outlines the challenges in the South African foster care system, discusses the reasons for introducing the extended child support grant system and explains how it will be implemented. The paper seeks to contribute to the knowledge base on social work policy changes. The policy shift towards an extended child support grant could ensure that the majority of orphans have access to adequate social protection and free up the formal child protection system, enabling a quicker social work response to cases of child abuse, maltreatment and neglect.

HANDLING OF CHILDREN WHO ARE VICTIMS OF EXPLOITATION AND VIOLENCE: A LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS STUDY

In 2016, cases of violence against children in South Sulawesi started to receive special attention from the local government and the Indonesian Child Protection Commission. There were numerous cases of child abuse in South Sulawesi in 2016. Sexual violence is one of the most common forms of violence. This research, which is a normative legal research, seeks to determine the various forms of exploitation and violence against children in South Sulawesi as well as assess the efforts of the regional government of South Sulawesi in handling these crimes against children. It uses the statutory and case approaches. The collected legal materials were analysed qualitatively. The results show that children in South Sulawesi do not suffer only physical violence but also non-physical violence. The government of South Sulawesi currently plays an active role in tackling and preventing exploitation and violence against children. Also, stakeholders work together in synergy.

Factors associated with child abuse among children and adolescents in a Peruvian public hospital.

The study's objective was to investigate the factors associated with child and adolescent abuse in the MAMIS program at Hipólito Unanue Hospital in the Tacna-Peru region during 2019-2021. The study used a quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional, and correlational approach to analyze 174 cases of child abuse. The study found that the majority of child abuse cases involved children between the ages of 12-17 (57.4%), with a secondary level of education (51.15%), females (56.9%), and not consuming alcohol or drugs (88.5%). Prevalent household characteristics included single-parent families (48.28%), parents aged 30-59 (58.5%), divorced (37.3%), with secondary level of education (68.9%), independent occupation (64.9%), no history of parental violence (91.3%), no addiction or substance abuse issues (95.4%), and no psychiatric disorders (95.4%). The most common types of abuse were psychological (93.68%), followed by neglect or abandonment (38.51%), physical (37.93%), and sexual (27.0%). The study determined a significant relationship (95% confidence level) between socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, sex, and substance use, and specific types of child abuse.

Identifying what works for whom: Implementation outcomes following iLookOut, a child abuse identification and referral training program.

iLookOut, a web-based child abuse training for early childcare professionals (ECPs), has been shown to improve knowledge and attitudes related to correctly identifying and reporting suspected cases of child abuse. The overarching goal of the present study is to examine "what works for whom" for iLookOut in order to identify strategies for optimizing learner outcomes. This prospective study enrolled 12,705 ECPs who completed iLookOut (November 2014-December 2018). We used structural equation models to test whether learner demographic and professional characteristics were differentially associated with implementation outcomes (i.e., acceptability and appropriateness) and whether these mediated subsequent indicators of training effectiveness (i.e., gains in knowledge). Consistent with previous research, individuals with lower baseline knowledge scores showed greater knowledge gains (β = -.57; p < .001). Greater knowledge gains were seen for learners who reported higher acceptability (β = .08; p < .001) or appropriateness (β = .14; p < .001). Implementation outcomes strongly associated with knowledge gains included acceptability for female learners and appropriateness for learners who had not completed high school or had >15 years of experience in childcare settings. Where mediation was found, for the majority of groups, appropriateness emerged as the driving mediator. Implementation outcomes emerged as important drivers of knowledge change for most groups. The iLookOut Core Training's use of a multimedia learning environment, video-based storylines, and game-based techniques were endorsed by learners and correlated with increases in knowledge. Future work should explore why aspects of the iLookOut training are rated as less acceptable or appropriate by some groups and what changes would improve efficacy for low performing learners.

Unleashing the Potential of AcciMap in Identifying and Anticipating Systemic Failures: A Case Study of Child Abuse Prevention through Design

This study proposes a new application of AcciMap, a tool initially created within safety science. AcciMap assists designers by identifying and anticipating systemic conditions that have contributed to prior failures and may influence the implementation of new design interventions. For validation, we applied AcciMap to analyze factors contributing to child abuse cases in South Korea. This process identified potential facilitators and barriers related to the implementation of a child abuse assessment checklist developed by the research team. We found that AcciMap enables designers to apply systems thinking to complex problems. It allows the consideration of potential implementation issues for new design interventions across multiple levels, helping designers understand and anticipate the complex systemic structures affecting their intervention. By exploring how AcciMap can be used for in-depth sociotechnical system analysis, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of systemic design.

Advancements in Technology-Based Assessment and Intervention for Children with Developmental Disorders

The letter explores the critical role of technology in enhancing developmental assessments and interventions for children. It emphasizes the importance of early intervention in mental well-being issues among children and adolescents, the necessity of empirical research in decision-making regarding child maltreatment, and the recognition of forensic odontology for identifying child abuse cases. The authors discuss the potential of technology-driven evaluations and interventions in addressing specific needs of children in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the effectiveness of video modeling in improving social skills in children with ADHD and the significance of technology in enhancing parental practices and early childhood interventions. The paper also stresses the need for early, parent-focused, multi-channel interventions to support responsive caregiving and child development. It presents evidence on the positive impact of technology-based interventions in improving maternal mentalization capabilities, underscoring technology's role in promoting psychosocial well-being and supporting early child development. However, the article also acknowledges challenges such as managing child and adolescent mental health problems, the need for empirical research in child maltreatment decision-making, and enhancing awareness of forensic odontology among dental practitioners. In conclusion, the authors call for an integrated approach that includes technology-based solutions for a comprehensive support system for child development. They advocate for further research and development of technology-based interventions, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and the active role of practitioners in early learning to ensure optimal child development outcomes. Additionally, the article highlights the crucial role of policymakers in incorporating technology-based assessments and interventions into child development programs to foster holistic development in the African context and beyond.

COVID19 Impact on Child Maltreatment: Evidence from Abuse and Neglect Investigations in Texas

COVID-19 has brought challenges to the society in various aspects, as one of the most vulnerable members of society, children’s lives have also been significantly affected by it. This study aims to address the child maltreatment impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Leveraging county level data sets from Texas Department of Family and Protective Services and United States Census Bureau, XGBoost method and fixed effect model was used to investigate the most important economic, demographic, and social factors. It is found that population of 16-year-old or over, the rental vacancy rate, the population of 16-year-old or over that commutes to work by walking, and population of 16-year-old or over that works in agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining industry is positively associated with total number of child maltreatment cases. On the other hand, the total population in labor force, the female population not in labor force, the average of public cash assistance (in dollars), the average time (in minutes) commuting to work, and the population whose household contains 2 units/rooms are negatively associated with total number of child maltreatment cases. Also, a single-difference model was implemented to identify that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with 7.6% increase in total number of child maltreatment cases.

아동학대 대응체계 변화에 따른 아동보호전문기관의 심층사례관리 과제

This study was conducted for the purpose of exploring the current case management performance of child protection agencies after the publicization of the child abuse response system, and finding the future direction as a specialized agency for in-depth child abuse case management. To this end, from July to September in 2021, we conducted individualized in-depth interviews with five public officials in charge of child abuse investigation. The interview questions were about experiences of cooperation between public child protection sector and child protection agencies, expectations of child protection agencies’ role as an in-depth child abuse case management institution, and future tasks for in-depth case management agencies. As a result of the analysis, study participants who represent the public sector expressed various concerns and expectations about the in-depth child abuse case management of the child protection agencies, and suggested the practice competencies and environmental conditions necessary for a successful transition to the in-depth case management institution. Based on the results of the study, the practice competencies and policy strategies necessary for the development of child protection agencies’ in-depth cases management institution were proposed as implications of the study.

한국아동학대의 유형파악을 위한 잠재프로파일 분석 -학대위험요인들을 활용하여-

아동학대 대응체계의 공공화와 함께 아동보호전문기관에서도 전국적으로 표준화된 아동학대 사례관리 업무 수행을 위해 노력하는 가운데, 효과적인 업무 수행을 위해 아동학대에 영향을 주는 다양한 변인들을 고려한 아동학대 사례 유형화의 시도가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구는 아동학대 사례 유형화를 목적으로 국가아동학대정보시스템을 통해 수집된 데이터를 활용하여 아동학대 위험요인들의 유무뿐 아니라 포괄적 위험요인들의 심각성 수준을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 잠재프로파일분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 아동학대 사례는 모든 위험요인의 수준이 상대적으로 낮은 ‘기본형’ 집단(78.9%), 가족내 위기와 스트레스 위험요인 수준이 높은 ‘가족위기스트레스형’ 집단(8.2%), 주거환경 및 사회적 지지체계가 취약한 ‘환경취약형’ 집단(5.7%), 행위자의 잘못된 인식 및 행동, 보호자의 양육무관심이 두드러진 ‘양육문제형’ 집단(3.6%), 보호자 질환 위험요인 수준이 높은 ‘보호자 질환형’ 집단(3.5%)의 다섯 가지로 구분되었다. 추가적으로 각 유형별 인구학적 특성, 학대유형, 재학대발생율, 행위자 특성을 파악하여 아동학대 사례 유형을 정리하고 이에 따른 아동복지실천의 함의를 제시하였다.

Preventing Revictimization in Sexual Assault Investigations: Personal Security and Trauma-Informed Case Management*

How we treat victims determines the amount of information we gain from a victim interview. It is also crucial for the security of victims, and for preventing revictimization in a criminal procedure. Nancy Oglesby, Esq., a career prosecutor, and Director of Justice 3D, was interviewed to highlight the necessity of trauma-informed, victim-focused interview practices. Oglesby has handled thousands of domestic violence, child abuse, elder abuse, and sexual violence cases with a trauma-informed, victim-centered criminal justice approach. The interview raises awareness of law enforcement, prosecution, victims’ advocacy professionals, and college students aspiring to continue in the field of special victims.

ARTIGO DE REVISÃOALTERAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS E BIOQUÍMICAS EM CRIANÇAS VÍTIMAS DE ABUSO INFANTIL: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA

Introduction: Humans are defenseless in the first years of life due to the long period necessary for the complete development of the brain, which is shaped by the environment through the neuroplasticity process, and may undergo negative changes according to disastrous experiences. Abuse/violence and child neglect are acts or omissions of care, respectively, potentially capable of causing physical and/or mental harm, actual or potential, against minors under the age of 18. As Brazil reaches alarming levels of violence and child abuse, according to international data linked to the World Health Organization and nationals originating from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), the identification of these victims and the adoption of preventive and therapeutic measures make the role of the doctor in society even more fundamental. Children who are subjected to maltreatment have potential risks of attending with structural and biochemical brain alterations which will have a negative impact, and may even be permanent, distinct intensity and vary according to the patient’s age group. Method: A study was carried out at the FMABC University Center through a narrative literature review in the PubMed database, applying the descriptors ”Child Abuse” and ”Brain Development”, with boleano ”and”. The search time was 2016 to 2022. Thirty-five articles were selected based on the reading of the abstracts of each article and listed in order of relevance. RESULTS: Imaging and population studies allowed the relationship of cases of child abuse with structural, volumetric, biochemical and clinical alterations of patients. Thus, although a mandatory causal effect cannot be traced, the relationship between psychopathology and child abuse is well established. In general, the main structural changes seen in victims of child abuse are the reduction of hippocampus, callous body, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal orbit cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, alterations in the amygdala, cerebellar vermis and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis give basis to the main clinics of these patients. Another point to consider is the hypothesis that certain polymorphisms can together determine how malleable a person is for both positive and negative experiences (phenotypic plasticity). In genetically susceptible people, epigenetic changes induced by maltreatment that, in turn, alter brain development trajectories can, in many cases, represent the beginning of a crucial chain of events that lead to psychopathology and risk of substance abuse, for example. Therefore, in a country like Brazil where child violence reaches alarming levels, it is mandatory to elucidate the influence of violence imposed on the phases of neurological development (structural and biochemical) on psychopathologies, substance abuse and the perpetuation of violence. This devastating scenario determines that public intervention policies should be widely discussed, developed and implemented. Physicians are responsible for the warning to act as early as possible in the diagnosis, both in educational, preventive measures and at the same time of the adoption of appropriate drug and non-drug therapies not only at the time of violence, but over time so that it can identify possible deviations and, thus, act appropriately. Conclusion: According to the information presented, we have that combating this abuse in childhood and the proper monitoring of these people may cause a reduction in the presentation of the clinical conditions of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder, which tend, according to the history of these patients, to present problems of a social nature regarding violence and crime perpetration.

Assessment Of Suspected Child Abuse Cases At Pediatric Psychiatry Clinic, Medicolegal Study

Assessment Of Suspected Child Abuse Cases At Pediatric Psychiatry Clinic, Medicolegal Study

가정법원의 문제해결·후견적 기능 제고를 위한 과제

In the 21{st} century, juvenile crimes, delinquencies, and domestic violences have much more attracted social attention, which cannot be separated from the changed social environment, where, on the one hand, the traditional ‘head of family’ system not only as a social entity, but also as a legal system has eventually been abolished in 2005, and where, on the other hand, the conflict between traditional and new value system has arisen as the ideology of democracy, equality, and respect to human rights has rapidly entered the Korean society since the end of 20ᵗʰ century. In other words, the traditional way of dealing with problematic behaviors of adolescents and family members against other family members has begun to face limitations. Coincidently, the problem-solving function of the family court has been emphasized. This paper is the result of research, whereby what systemic change would be required to have the family court dealing with juvenile cases, dependent children cases, and domestic violence victim cases function as the problem-solving court and what roles the family court investigators should play for this purpose have been investigated. This paper sought to make clear that the fact that juvenile cases, dependent children cases, and domestic violence victim cases are under the jurisdiction of the family court reflects the unique Korean state parent idea. In this regard, Korean family court’s cases mentioned above are similar to western juvenile courts and dependency courts, which have developed in close relation with the state parent idea. That being said, western state parent idea has developed as with the local authorities’ intervention into families for the protection of abused and delinquent children, and juvenile courts and family courts have played as assistants and facilitators for local authorities to do partnership with families as the state parent idea changed, whereas the state parent idea has developed in Korea only in the judicial proceedings for abused and delinquent children cases, where public prosecutors and judges play role as state parents. Based on this unique development, this paper argues that transforming the family court into the problem-solving court is recommended to facilitate local authorities intervening into family matters for the protection of abused and delinquent children and domestic violence victims. For this purpose, this paper suggests that the legal provisions related to the proceedings and protection measures of juvenile cases, child abuse cases, and domestic violence cases should be reformed for partnership between the state and families to materialize. Furthermore, this paper suggests that expertise of family investigators should be developed to facilitate the suggested reformation, and that the social welfare and protection function of family courts, which have been introduced in some family courts to meet immediate needs of protecting vulnerable parties and participants in the proceedings, should be delegated to an independent support agency under the court.

Why is reporting so hard? Barriers to fulfilling the duty to report among community nurses in Israel

Purpose This study aims to identify the barriers that prevent community nurses in Israel from reporting cases of child maltreatment. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study included interviews of 20 community nurses using questions that focused on the following subjects: knowledge of the law and reporting methods, barriers to reporting and the nurses’ outlook on child abuse. Findings Nurses felt they have a lack of the professional knowledge needed to identify suspicious signs. Furthermore, finding indicates that there is a lack of understanding regarding the term “reasonable suspicion” under the law among nurses, and a lack of familiarity with the postreporting procedure. The duty to report is not, by itself, sufficient to increase the rate of reporting. The training in this area is insufficient. Practical implications Policymakers must formulate clear rules to identify various forms of harm in children and determine the existence of a “reasonable basis” to believe that a crime has been committed among community nurses in Israel so that they can fulfill their legal and moral duty. Originality/value Reporting abuse is a professional duty enshrined in law. The enactment of this law in Israel in 1989 created a new reality, designating a legal and moral obligation, on the part of society in general, as well as professionals, to break the code of silence surrounding child abuse. However, the present findings suggest that the rates of reporting among community nurses remain low. As of yet, no research has been conducted as to why nurses are not reporting suspected cases of abuse in Israel, despite the continued existence of this law.

The Impacts of Poverty, Unemployment, and Divorce on Child Abuse in Malaysia: ARDL Approach

The increasing number of reported child abuse cases in Malaysia is alarming, with more than 1000 cases reported every year. If this trend continues, it may have detrimental effects on children’s mental development, and far-reaching negative effects for wider society. Examining whether there is some relationship between divorce, unemployment, poverty, inflation, economic growth, and child abuse in Malaysia may help shed some light on the issue and any potential solutions. This study employs the ARDL approach by using data from 1989 to 2019. The results reveal that unemployment, inflation, and economic growth have significant relationships with reported child abuse cases in the long run. However, divorce and poverty do not affect the number of reported child abuse cases in the long run. In the short run, the results show that divorce, economic growth, and unemployment can positively affect the number of reported child abuse cases. Poverty, on the other hand, has a significant and negative relationship with the number of reported child abuse cases in the short run. Family stress originating from economic and social distress and the potential inability of couples to manage stress may exacerbate the risk of child abuse in Malaysia. Social programs are likely needed to help couples handle stress at home, in the form of state-sponsored counselling, educational programs for parents, the provision of social support for an increasing number of dual-career couples, assistance for spouses dealing with divorce, and the protection of children from hostile environments at home, as well as general approaches to the alleviation of poverty.

Understanding Child Sexual Abuse in the Religious Contexts in Indonesia through a Lived Experience

Child sexual abuse in Indonesia occurs in various settings, including home, school, or work (in places where child labor is common). The National Commission for Child Protection (Komnas Perlindungan Anak) stated that52% of cases of violence against children from 2020 to mid-2021 were sexual violence (Suminar, 2021).The increasing number of child abuse cases encourages parents to send their children to religion-based schools that, they think, offer safer environments. Based on the data collected by KOMNAS Perempuan, 19% of sexual violence occurred in Islamic boarding schools or Islamic-based education and 3% in Christian-based education. KPAI also noted that 88% of perpetrators of sexual violence in schools were teachers, mostly religion teachers (13.3%) and physical education teachers (40%), the rest being computer, arts, social studies, Indonesian, or other teachers, while 22% were principals. The objective of the study is to unravel the experience in a religious setting. The finding narrated that the effects of child sexual abuse could include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and physical injury to the child, among other problems. In addition, there was no support from the school community for the victim of child abuse.