Cases Of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Research Articles

Occupational Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Wisconsin: Results From a Statewide Electronic Disease Surveillance System and From the Wisconsin Poison Center, 2018-2021.

Prevention methods for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in Wisconsin address occupational and nonoccupational exposures together, but differences between the settings could inform new approaches to preventing occupational CO poisonings. We described occupational CO poisonings in Wisconsin from July 1, 2018, through July 1, 2021, using surveillance data from the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System and Wisconsin Poison Center. We identified cases of CO poisoning from the Wisconsin Electronic Disease Surveillance System and Wisconsin Poison Center. Occupational CO poisonings were records where "workplace" was recorded as the location of exposure. We excluded records classified as suspect/not a case, those missing laboratory results or information on exposure source/location, and intentional poisonings. We compared characteristics between occupational and nonoccupational settings using odds ratios (ORs), and we estimated crude incidence rates of occupational exposures by occupation. We identified 614 cases of CO poisoning, of which 168 (27.4%) were occupational exposures. When compared with patients with nonoccupational exposures, patients with occupational exposures were more likely to be male (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4-6.1), Hispanic (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2), and younger (mean difference [SD] = 6.6 [20.9]). Several CO sources were significantly associated with occupational poisonings: forklifts (OR = 58.4; 95% CI, 13.9-246.1; P < .001), pressure sprayers (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4; P = .003), and other gasoline-powered tools (OR = 3.8; 95% CI, 2.3-6.3; P < .001). The natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupation group had the highest crude incidence rate-45.0 poisonings per 100 000 full-time equivalent employees. Incorporating data from the Wisconsin Poison Center improved data quality, but surveillance is limited by underreporting. Creating strategies to increase reporting would allow for a more comprehensive understanding of occupational CO poisoning.

An autopsy case of carbon monoxide poisoning: A case report

Asphyxial death from Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is occasionally reported in India. Here in this case report we present such a case of accidental CO poisoning. It was a case of a man aged about 38 years old contractor who succumbed to CO poisoning during sleep on a fateful night. He was a chain smoker with occasional alcohol consumption. The incident occurred inside a bed room which was latched from inside. He was found dead lying on the floor by the side of a semi burnt mattress. There are very few case reports on such poisoning cases that’s the main reason of presenting this article.

Epidemiological aspects and a current approach to the problem of carbon monoxide poisoning

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death from poisoning (accidental and intentional). The number of cases of CO poisoning is increasing day by day.&#x0D; Aims: The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological situation of CO poisoning and identify the urgent aspects of this problem. In the article, the author provided a retrospective analysis of 117 cases of CO poisoning, registered in a number of regional branches of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of the Forensic Medical Examination of Uzbekistan, after he studied and analyzed the world literature on the epidemiology of CO poisoning. It has been revealed that fatal poisoning ranks third after mechanical injuries and mechanical asphyxia and constitutes 6.3% (513 cases) in the range of deaths by violence (8078 cases). Therefore, CO poisoning is considered as one of the most prevailing (51%) causes of mortality.&#x0D; Conclusion: This is a global problem, with young males at risk. Further studies on the current clinical and forensic aspects of CO poisoning are required, and the necessity for regular analysis of epidemiological data for taking comprehensive measures to prevent CO poisoning is emphasized.

Utilizing Syndromic Surveillance for Hurricane Irma-Related CO Poisonings in Florida

Utilizing Syndromic Surveillance for Hurricane Irma-Related CO Poisonings in Florida

A Case of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in which the Diagnosis was Rejected by the Family

A Case of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in which the Diagnosis was Rejected by the Family

ECT for refractory secondary tourettism with dermatillomania following CO poisoning

© 2015 Naguy et al; licensee Herbert Publications Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Correspondence ‘Secondary tourettism’ is euphemistically applied to refer to tics with underlying causations or associations mostly affecting basal ganglia, contrasted with the commonest cause of tics, that is, de la Tourette syndrome [1]. Causes are legion [2] as in Table 1. Treatment modalities for tics are protean [3] with differing qualities of evidence-base. Table 2 summarizes available options. Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment-resistant tics is limited to case reports in literature. These cases were quite complex, Tourette syndrome with comorbid major depression disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or, self-injurious behaviours. Tics as catatonic signs were also reported in two cases including autism [4]. More than 30% of patients with acute carbon monoxide (CO) may experience delayed onset of neuropsychiatric sequelae including, inter alia, motor, cognitive, and, affective aftermath [5]. Data in literature speak to the idea that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) could mitigate or halt the progression of such complications [6]. Here, we are reporting a case of CO poisoning, presented to us with difficult-to-treat secondary tics and dermatillomania that responded ultimately to ECT. This could open new treatment venues in such complicated clinical scenarios.

National Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Surveillance Framework and Recent Estimates

Unintentional, non-fire-related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning in the United States. A comprehensive national CO poisoning surveillance framework is needed to obtain accurate estimates of CO poisoning burden and guide prevention efforts. This article describes the current national CO poisoning surveillance framework and reports the most recent national estimates. We analyzed mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death file, emergency department (ED) and hospitalization data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample, hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) data from HBOT facilities, exposure data from the National Poison Data System, and CO alarm prevalence data from the American Housing Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. In the United States, 2,631 UNFR CO deaths occurred from 1999 to 2004, an average of 439 deaths annually. In 2007, there were 21,304 (71 per one million population) ED visits and 2,302 (eight per one million population) hospitalizations for confirmed cases of CO poisoning. In 2009, 552 patients received HBOT, and from 2000 to 2009, 68,316 UNFR CO exposures were reported to poison centers. Most nonfatal poisonings were among children (<18 years of age) and females; hospitalizations and deaths occurred more frequently among males and elderly people (>65 years of age). More poisonings occurred during winter months and in the Midwest and Northeast. UNFR CO poisoning poses a significant public health burden. Systematic evaluation of data sources coupled with modification and expansion of the surveillance framework might assist in developing effective prevention strategies.

The patient with focal neurological deficit: A case of carbonmonoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most frequent causes of death resulting from poisoning. Patients suffering from CO poisoning present to the emergency department with the complaints of headache, nausea and vomiting. Focal neurological deficits mimicking stroke, convulsion or coma may also be seen. We present a 81 year old woman who was brought to the emergency department for thrombolitic treatment following a new onset focal neurological deficit who was eventually diagnosed with CO poisoning.

Five Cases of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Due to Narghile (Shisha)

Narghile known in different names as shisha, hookah, hubble‐bubble, waterpipe has been smoked widely in Middle East countries traditionally and recently began to spread to European countries and USA. Narghile is consumed particularly by university youth in cafes as a social activity in Turkey. We report a case series of five patients presented with narghile induced carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We believe that this problem might be overlooked and underreported. We want to emphasize that, in the differential diagnosis of nonspecific neurological complaints (especially headache, nausea, vomiting and vertigo) CO poisoning must be considered and patient must be questioned about the usage of narghile smoking especially in areas popular of it.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning after an Ice Storm in Kentucky, 2009

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during natural disasters. On January 26-27, 2009, a severe ice storm occurred in Kentucky, causing widespread, extended power outages and disrupting transportation and communications. After the storm, CO poisonings were reported throughout the state. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the extent of the problem, identify sources of CO poisoning, characterize cases, make recommendations to reduce morbidity and mortality, and develop prevention strategies. We obtained data from the Kentucky Regional Poison Center (KRPC), hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) facilities, and coroners. Additionally, the Kentucky Department for Public Health provided statewide emergency department (ED) and hospitalization data. During the two weeks after the storm, KRPC identified 144 cases of CO poisoning; exposure sources included kerosene heaters, generators, and propane heaters. Hospitals reported 202 ED visits and 26 admissions. Twenty-eight people received HBOT. Ten deaths were attributed to CO poisoning, eight of which were related to inappropriate generator location. Higher rates of CO poisoning were reported in areas with the most ice accumulation. Although CO poisonings are preventable, they continue to occur in postdisaster situations. Recommendations include encouraging use of CO alarms, exploring use of engineering controls on generators to decrease CO exposure, providing specific information regarding safe use and placement of CO-producing devices, and using multiple communication methods to reach people without electricity.

Frequency of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Turkey in 2010

AIM: In Turkey, studies about frequency of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are rare. In this study, it is aimed to determine the frequency of the CO poisoning cases occurring all around the country. METHOD: This study was planned as a descriptive study covering Turkey in general as stage. In this study, the CO poisoning case records of Ministry of Health Treat Services General Directorate in 2010 have been examined. The distribution of cases among regions-provinces, mortality rates, types of CO sources, seasonal and monthly dispersions have been examined. RESULTS: According to the records, totally 10.154 cases of CO poisoning were detected in Turkey in 2010 and only 39 of them were ended with death. It is determined that the frequency of cases is 0,0137% (approximately 14 in every 100.000) and mortality rate is about 5 in every 10 million. Poisoning cases have been occurred mostly in Marmara Region (3.426 cases, 33,7%). When it is evaluated in regard to the population, cases are mostly seen in Kilis (0,1998%). As of mortality rates, Bursa has the most number of cases ending with death (18 cases). CONCLUSION: Compared to studies in other countries, according to our data, Turkey was faced with more frequent cases of CO poisoning. The number of cases has increased, especially during the winter months.

A Retrospective Study on Carboxyhaemoglobin Half-Life in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Patients Treated with Normobaric High Flow Oxygen

Objective There has been a vast difference in the reported value for carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) half-life (COHbt&amp;frac12;) in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning patients breathing 100% normobaric oxygen (O2). This could be due to the fact that all previous studies were performed on heterogeneous groups of patients with different aetiology. We wished to determine the COHbt&amp;frac12; in a homogenous group of acute CO poisoning patients who attempted suicide by burning charcoal and were treated with normobaric high flow oxygen. Methods It was a retrospective descriptive cohort study for a period of 60 months (January 2001 to December 2005). Setting Accident and Emergency Department of Tuen Mun Hospital, serving a population of 1.5 millions. Population We recruited all cases of CO poisoning by burning charcoal for suicidal attempt and we excluded the cases if (1) there was only one COHb measurement; (2) the patient had not received high flow O2 therapy via tightly fitting facial mask with O2 reservoir, given before the first blood sample or throughout the period until a second blood sample was taken; (3) the first COHb was &lt;10%; (4) the second COHb was &lt;2%; (5) there was significant co-poisoning; (6) the patient was haemodynamically unstable; or (7) the time of blood sampling was not documented. We believed that the elimination of COHb under 100% normobaric O2 was constant and followed a simple exponential decay. Results Forty-three (27.4%) cases met all of the selection criteria and the mean COHbt&amp;frac12; was 78±9 minutes. Conclusion We believed that our patients (i.e. CO poisoning patients who committed suicide by burning charcoal) represented a homogenous group of acute CO poisoning of unique aetiology. The estimated COHbt&amp;frac12; would be useful in deciding the length of normobaric oxygen therapy for this group of patients.

The Severity and Prognostic Markers of 148 Cases of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning by Burning Charcoal

Objective To identify and analyse the characteristics of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning due to burning charcoal in our locality. Methods This was a 3-year retrospective study. All patients presenting with CO poisoning by burning charcoal from August 1999 to December 2002 were recruited. The demographic data, initial vital signs, blood results, treatment regimens and outcomes were collected. Association between clinical outcomes and parameters were calculated. Results The study identified 148 patients (mean age 34.7 years) suffering from CO poisoning by burning charcoal. One hundred and forty-six cases (98.6%) were suicidal. Twenty-five patients (16.9%) were unconscious (GCS ≤ 8) on arrival. The mean initial carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) level was 21.0%. The mortality rate was 5.4%. Fifteen cases (10.1%) required intensive care. Twelve cases (8.1%) had neurological complications and five (3.4%) suffered from delayed neurological sequelae. Initial blood results showing hyperkalemia and acidosis were associated with likelihood of unconsciousness on arrival (p = 0.007, p = 0.019 respectively). Hyperkalemia and unconsciousness on arrival were associated with longer hospital stay (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001 respectively) as well as likelihood of systemic complication (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001 respectively). There was no relationship between co-ingestion, age, initial COHb level, initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure with consciousness level on arrival (p = 0.188, p = 0.846, p = 0.264, p = 0.224, p = 0.755 respectively). Age, initial COHb level, acidosis, initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not correlate with the duration of hospital stay (p = 0.679, p = 0.176, p = 0.501, p = 0.313, p = 0.868 respectively). Conclusion Suicide almost accounted for all the CO poisonings by burning charcoal in our study group. It caused significant mortality and morbidity. Hyperkalemia, unconscious state and acidosis had prognostic values.

Carbon monoxide poisoning: undetected by both patients and their doctors.

Carbon monoxide poisoning represents a potentially preventable and reversible cause of mortality and morbidity if sources and cases can be identified. The elderly have been shown to be particularly at risk. Concerns continue to be raised about potential unrecognised cases of carbon monoxide poisoning. These concerns arise from difficulties in knowing who to suspect as a potential victim of poisoning as well as how, when and what to test. In general carbon monoxide has no helpful unique clinical presentation and is known to mimic common illnesses as well as exacerbate established diseases. As a gas it is undetectable by the human senses and is potentially present in most households. This paper reviews the issues associated with carbon monoxide poisoning including pointers to early diagnosis and discussion of pathophysiology and management.

Intoxicación por gases

Poisoning by gases in our area is an important problem due to its high incidence. In the specific case of carbon monoxide poisoning, this is the main cause of death by poisoning in our environment, on many occasions coexisting with cyanide poisoning. Both poisonings can be severe, their diagnosis being based on the mere suspicions of the doctor. Besides, their importance lies in the fact that both poisonings have a very specific treatment. Normo or hyperbaric oxygenotherapy is the treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning. In the case of cyanide poisoning, hydroxocobalamin is nowadays the treatment of choice, since it has proved itself to be an efficient antidote.

Global hypoxia per se is an unusual cause of axonal injury.

Irreversible hypoxic brain damage and axonal injury are present in over 90% of fatal blunt head injuries. Given the frequency of each, difficulties arise as to whether or not they are due to different mechanisms and, as such, can be separately recognised and quantified. Recent literature has raised the possible role of hypoxia in the formation of axonal bulbs. The present study of 17 cases of cardio-respiratory arrest, 12 of status epilepticus, 3 of carbon monoxide poisoning and 12 controls was designed to test the relationship between hypoxia and axonal injury and to test the hypothesis whether or not the two entities can be separated into primary and secondary forms of traumatic brain injury. Axonal damage was seen in 9/17 and 7/12 of the cases with cardiac arrest and status epilepticus, respectively, in most of whom there was also evidence of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). All 3 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning had evidence of white matter damage in keeping with the classical pattern of selective vulnerability. It is concluded that the great majority of axonal damage identified in cases dying after cardiac arrest and status epilepticus can be attributed to raised ICP and the vascular complications of internal herniation. However, in some cases, axonal damage was seen in the absence of an elevated ICP, although its amount and distribution were different from diffuse axonal injury. In many cases there was an increase in expression of neuronal beta amyloid precursor protein.

An unusual case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide, a gas originating from incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels, is an important cause of human deaths. In this paper, we describe an unusual carbon monoxide poisoning in a dwelling without obvious sources of combustion gases, for which two adults had to be treated in a hyperbaric chamber. Carbon monoxide readings were taken in the house and in the neighboring homes. Methane gas and nitrogen oxide levels were also monitored in the house air. Soil samples were collected around the house and tested for hydrocarbon residues. The investigation revealed the presence of a pocket of carbon monoxide under the foundation of the house. The first readings revealed carbon monoxide levels of 500 ppm in the basement. The contamination lasted for a week. The investigation indicated that the probable source of contamination was the use of explosives at a nearby rain sewer construction site. The use of explosives in a residential area can constitute a major source of carbon monoxide for the neighboring populations. This must be investigated, and public health authorities, primary-care physicians, governmental authorities, and users and manufacturers of explosives must be made aware of this problem.

Carbon monoxide intoxication: A review of 14 patients

In 14 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning, medical records were available for retrospective review in which blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin (COHgb) were obtained. Twelve victims (86%) were overcome while at work. Correlation of the clinical picture and COHgb saturation was not always possible although hypertension was not uncommon initially. On follow-up only three patients were mildly hypertensive. Skin or mucous membrane color changes were difficult to detect. Three cases are presented to illustrate factors in the diagnosis and possible sequelae.

SOME COMMON CONDITIONS, NOT DUE TO PRIMARY HEART DISEASE, THAT MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

Excerpt During the past 25 years, the science of electrocardiography has been developed to the point where it has become an important and valuable adjunct to clinical medicine. In more recent years...