Case Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Fabrication of novel casein/oligochitosan nanocomplexes for lutein delivery: Enhanced stability, bioavailability, and antioxidant properties

This study aimed to prepare novel nanocomplexes for delivery of lutein using transglutaminase (TGase)-type glycation of casein. The effect of glycated casein nanoparticles on the environmental stability, bioavailability, and antioxidant properties of lutein was investigated. Glycated casein nanoparticles with uniform distribution and small particle size were successfully prepared by ultrasound technology. The structure analysis revealed intermolecular interactions between lutein and glycated casein, with the complexes having a spherical and stable structure. The fabricated nanoparticles exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency (91.89%) and loading capacity (3.06%) for lutein. TGase-type glycation of casein nanoparticles contributed to the strong thermal stability, pH stability, storage stability, and salt stability. Moreover, glycated casein/lutein nanoparticles exhibited resistance to gastric digestion, rapid intestinal release rate, increased lutein bioavailability, and antioxidant activity under simulated digestion. This study provides key support for the development of glycated casein-based nanoparticles as delivery systems and reinforcing stability of hydrophilic nutraceuticals.

Back to Nature: Development and Optimization of Bioinspired Nanocarriers for Potential Breast Cancer Treatment

This study focuses on the preparation and optimization of caffeic acid (CA)-loaded casein nanoparticles (CS NPs) via the Box–Behnken design (BBD) for potential applications in cancer treatment. CS NPs were loaded with CA as a promising anti-cancer molecule. Non-hazardous green materials were exploited for nanoparticle fabrication. The BBD was used, followed by a desirability function to select the optimum formulation. The BBD was adopted as it avoids the runs implemented in extreme conditions, hence making it suitable for proteins. CS NPs were characterized regarding particle size (PS), size distribution (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment, morphology using TEM, differential scanning calorimetry, molecular docking, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity studies. PS, PDI, and ZP had significant responses, while EE% was insignificant. The suggested models were quadratic with high fitting. Optimized NPs showed PS = 110.31 ± 1.02 nm, PDI = 0.331 ± 0.029, ZP = −23.94 ± 1.64 mV, and EE% = 95.4 ± 2.56%. Molecular modeling indicated hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between CA and CS, accounting for the high EE%. Almost spherical particles were realized with a sustained CA release pattern. Optimized NPs effectively suppressed the growth of MCF-7 cell lines by scoring the lowest IC50 = 78.45 ± 1.7 µg/mL. A novel combination of bioinspired-derived materials was developed for use in breast cancer treatment.

Fabrication of ibuprofen/naringenin-coloaded into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles: evaluation of antiproliferative activity and apoptosis induction in liver cancer cells

Nowadays, liver cancer is one of the most disturbing types of cancer that can affect either sex. Nanoparticles (NPs) of zein/sodium caseinate incorporating ibuprofen (IBU) and naringenin (NAR) have improved bioavailability and a high encapsulation efficiency (EE%). These nanoparticles are uniformly spherical. In vitro, cytotoxicity analysis on HepG2 cell lines, which are used to study human liver cancer, shows that encapsulated drugs (86.49% ± 1.90, and 78.52% ± 1.98 for NAR and IBU, respectively) have significantly lower IC50 values than individual drugs or their combined free form. In addition, the combination indices of 0.623 and 0.155 for IBU and NAR, respectively, show that the two have joint beneficial effects. The scratch wound healing assay results also show that the free drugs and the engineered NPs have a more significant anti-migratory effect than the untreated cells. The designed nanoparticles also reduce angiogenesis and proliferation while inducing apoptosis, according to in vitro results. In conclusion, a new approach to treating liver cancer may lie in the nanoencapsulation of numerous drugs within nanoparticles.

Enhancement of lemongrass essential oil physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity by encapsulation in zein-caseinate nanocomposite

Essential oils (EOs) represent a pivotal source for developing potent antimicrobial drugs. However, EOs have seldom found their way to the pharmaceutical market due to their instability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation is an auspicious strategy that may circumvent these limitations. In the current study, lemongrass essential oil (LGO) was encapsulated in zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles (Z-NaCAS NPs). The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of LGO loaded NPs was assessed in comparison to free LGO against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Furthermore, their antibacterial mechanism was examined by alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, bacterial DNA and protein assays, and scanning electron microscopy. Results confirmed the successful encapsulation of LGO with particle size of 243 nm, zeta potential of – 32 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 84.7%. Additionally, the encapsulated LGO showed an enhanced thermal stability and a sustained release pattern. Furthermore, LGO loaded NPs exhibited substantial antibacterial activity, with a significant 2 to 4 fold increase in cell wall permeability and intracellular enzymes leakage versus free LGO. Accordingly, nanoencapsulation in Z-NaCAS NPs improved LGO physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, expanding their scope of pharmaceutical applications.

Encapsulation of three different types of polyphenols in casein using a customized pH-driven method: Preparation and characterization

Phenolic compounds represent natural compounds endowed with diverse biological functionalities. However, their inherent limitations, characterized by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability, limit their broader applications. Encapsulation delivery systems are emerging as a remedy, able to ameliorate these limitations by enhancing the stability and solubility of phenolic compounds. In this study, a novel, customized pH-driven approach was developed by determining the optimal deprotonation and protonation points of three different types of polyphenols: ferulic acid, resveratrol, and rhein. The polyphenols were successfully encapsulated in a casein carrier. The solubility, stability, LogD, and LogS curves of the three polyphenols at different pH values were analyzed to identify the optimal deprotonation points for ferulic acid (pH 9), resveratrol (pH 11), and rhein (pH 10). Based on these findings, three different nanoparticles were prepared. The encapsulation efficiencies of the three phenolic compounds were 95.86%, 94.62%, and 94.18%, respectively, and the casein nanoparticles remained stable at room temperature for seven days. FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking study substantiated the encapsulation of phenolic compounds within the hydrophobic core of casein-based complexes, facilitated by hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, the analysis of antioxidant activity elucidated that casein nanoparticles heightened both the water solubility and antioxidant efficacy of the phenolic compounds. This customized encapsulation technique, by establishing a transitional pH value, resolves the challenges of chemical instability and facile degradation of polyphenols under alkaline conditions in the application process of pH-driven methods. It presents novel insights for the application of polyphenols in the domains of food and biomedical fields.

DNA Delivery to Intact Plant Cells by Casein Nanoparticles with Confirmed Gene Expression (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2024)

DNA Delivery to Intact Plant Cells by Casein Nanoparticles with Confirmed Gene Expression (Adv. Funct. Mater. 16/2024)

Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of sorafenib-loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles against hepatocarcinoma cells.

Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor is used to treat hepatocellular and renal carcinoma. However, a low solubility impedes its bioavailability and thus, effectiveness. This study aims to enhance its effectiveness by using novel camel milk casein nanoparticles as a delivery system. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of sorafenib encapsulated in camel milk casein nanoparticles against human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) in vitro. Optimal drug loaded nanoparticles were stable for 1 month, had encapsulation efficiency of 96%, exhibited a particle size of 230nm, zeta potential of -14.4 and poly disparity index of 0.261. Treatment with it led to cell morphology and DNA fragmentation as a characteristic of apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed G1 phase arrest of cell cycle and 26% increased apoptotic cells population upon treatment as compared to control. Sorafenib-loaded casein nanoparticles showed 6-fold increased ROS production in HepG2 cells as compared to 4-fold increase shown by the free drug. Gene and protein expression studies done by qPCR and western blotting depicted upregulation of tumor suppressor gene p53, pro-apoptotic Bax, and caspase-3 along with downregulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene and protein expression which further emphasized death by apoptosis. It is concluded regarding the feasibility of these casein nanoparticles as a delivery system with enhanced therapeutic outcomes against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Glutathione - IR 797 coupled Casein Nano-Trojan for augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of camptothecin in highly invasive triple negative breast cancer

The rapid metastasis & heterogenic constitution of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) limits drug entry to the tumor, reducing treatment effectiveness. To address this, we have synthesized Casein nanoparticles (Cn NPs) with attached glutathione (GSH), a natural ligand for cancer cell overexpressed γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Cn NPs encapsulated with Camptothecin and NIR dye IR 797 (CCN NPs) for combinatorial therapy of TNBC. The GSH-CCN nanoparticles (CCNG NPs) act as a Nano-Trojan to deceive the cancer cells by delivering therapeutic payloads directly to specific target cells. In this study, Casein Nano-Trojan is equipped with GSH as a targeting ligand for GGT. The binding of CCNG NPs with cell surface receptors switched the anionic charge to catanionic, prompting the target cell to engulf the nanoparticles. The Casein Nano-Trojan releases its therapeutic payload inside the target cell, potentially inhibiting proliferation & inducing a high percentage of cell death (85 ± 7 %). Disintegration of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of both migration & re-growth were observed. Immunofluorescence, acridine orange/ethidium bromide stain, and nuclear fragmentation assay further confirmed the substantial DNA damage induced by the high expression of γH2AX and p53. Significant therapeutic efficacy was observed in the 3D spheroids of 4T1 cells and in vivo breast cancer mice model (BALB/c). These findings demonstrate that CCNG NPs could be an effective treatment approach for highly metastatic triple negative breast cancer.

DNA Delivery to Intact Plant Cells by Casein Nanoparticles with Confirmed Gene Expression

AbstractThis research presents gene expression after DNA delivery into intact plant cells by protein nanoparticles. The DNA delivery is carried out by casein nanoparticles (CNPs). A plasmid harboring the red fluorescent protein DsRed sequence is absorbed to the CNPs surface by electrostatic interaction and served as a model DNA in this study, and its expression is monitored by the fluorescence of the DsRed protein. The zeta potential of the CNPs is tuned by altering the pH to obtain sufficient electrostatic interaction between the CNPs and the DsRed plasmid for successful DNA delivery into the cells of the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. The CNPs are covalently modified with the green fluorescent dye 6‐Aminofluorescein (6‐AF) to determine their location in the plant. To assess the ability of the CNPs to deliver DNA into the cells, CNP/6‐AF/DsRed plasmid electrostatic conjugates are infiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves. Confocal fluorescence microscopy results showed successful intracellular and nucleus uptake of the conjugates at pH 4.5 and a concentration of 2 mg mL−1 at CNPs: DsRed plasmid ratio of 1:0.01. The successful gene expression is confirmed by RT‐PCR and qRT‐PCR. The first appearance of the emitted red signal of the DsRed protein is observed 24 h post‐infiltration.

Prodigiosin/celecoxib-loaded into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles as a potential therapy for triple negative breast cancer

Nowadays, breast cancer is considered one of the most upsetting malignancies among females. Encapsulation of celecoxib (CXB) and prodigiosin (PDG) into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles (NPs) produce homogenous and spherical nanoparticles with good encapsulation efficiencies (EE %) and bioavailability. In vitro cytotoxicity study conducted on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines revealed that there was a significant decline in the IC50 for encapsulated drugs when compared to each drug alone or their free combination. In addition, results demonstrated that there is a synergism between CXB and PDG as their combination indices were 0.62251 and 0.15493, respectively. Moreover, results of scratch wound healing assay revealed enhanced antimigratory effect of free drugs and fabricated NPs in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, In vitro results manifested that formulated nanoparticles exhibited induction of apoptosis associated with reduced angiogenesis, proliferation, and inflammation. In conclusion, nanoencapsulation of multiple drugs into nanoparticles might be a promising approach to develop new therapies for the managing of triple negative breast cancer.

Conjugation of dual-natural milk-derived proteins with fucoidan to prepare controllable glycosylation products via dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma

This study reported that fibrillar bridges (whey protein isolate nanofibrils, WPNs) were used to associate the casein (CA) nanoparticles through the pH-driven method to obtain the self-assembled WPN-CA complexes. Then, a novel technology involving cold plasma (CP) was innovatively proposed to enhance the protective properties of complexes. The confirmation of structural transitions and interactions resulting from the adjustment of WPN-to-CA ratios (WtCs) led to the identification of the complexes named WPCA (WtC1.0:1). Next, the results showed a rapid conjugation between WPCA and fucoidan (FD) with a degree of grafting of 16.03 % after 10 min CP treatment. The coupling of WPCA with FD to form conjugates was confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, indicating covalent bonds' formation. FTIR spectroscopy revealed an augmentation in the intensity of the OH stretching vibration of the WPCA-FD conjugate, concomitant with a decrease in β-turns and an elevation in β-sheets content. Furthermore, the application of glycosylation treatment to WPCA-FD resulted in a noteworthy enhancement of both the thermal stability and antioxidant activity characteristics of WPCA. Our findings move a step forward, as CP-assisted Maillard reaction has shown potential as an efficient and energy-saving method to enhance the functional properties of milk-derived proteins in the food industry.

Improving the stability and anti-L. monocytogenes activity of thymol casein nanoparticles by forming eutectic solvent with lauric acid

Thymol forms eutectic solvents with lauric acid under appropriate mixing ratios. These eutectic solvents were shown to have a lower melting point, weaker irritatibility, and stronger antibacterial activity than pure thymol. However, the application of these eutectic solvents is currently limited by their poor water solubility and chemical instability. For this reason, thymol/lauric acid eutectic solvents were loaded into casein nanoparticles (ThyLA-NPs) to improve their solubility and stability characteristics. The physicochemical stability, antibacterial activity, and potential application for meat (pork) preservation of the ThyLA-NPs was then compared to that of thymol casein nanoparticles (Thy-NPs). The results showed that ThyLA-NPs exhibited long-term sustained release, better thermal stability, and better storage stability due to the higher hydrophobicity of the eutectic solvents. Moreover, the ThyLA-NPs showed higher antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes. The pork preservation study indicated that the ThyLA-NPs were more efficient at inhibiting microbial growth and lipid antioxidation than the Thy-NPs, which extended the shelf life of the pork. These results may promote the application of thymol in the food industry to control food safety and quality.

Enhancing stability of curcumin-loaded casein nanoparticles by adding liposomal nanoparticles

Curcumin (Cur) is a natural polyphenol found in turmeric. Its application as a functional ingredient in foods, supplements, and pharmaceuticals is dramatically limited due to its poor stability, water solubility, and bioavailability. The purpose of this research was to enhance the performance of curcumin using advanced encapsulation technologies. Curcumin-loaded casein nanoparticles (CCNP) were prepared using the pH-driven method, and then different concentrations of liposomes (LP) were added to assess their impact on the stability of this delivery system. Then, CCNP, curcumin liposome nanoparticles (CLP), and the optimal ratio of CCNP/LP complexes were selected for thermal and storage stability studies. Their formation mechanism was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods. Furthermore, the impact of pH and salt (NaCl) on their stability was also investigated. The results show that LP can adsorb onto the surfaces of CCNP through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attractive interactions at certain concentrations, which reduces the surface hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles, thereby improving their resistance to environmental stresses. This study provides information that can be used to improve the bioavailability of curcumin.

Casein nanoparticles as oral delivery carriers for improved bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity of apigenin.

Apigenin (AP) has been reported with several pharmacological effects such as, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic. Due to low solubility and bioavailability, apigenin has not been widely used in clinical practice. Casein has been widely used as the delivery material for various compounds. In this study, apigenin-casein nanoparticles (AP-Cas-NPs) were fabricated for improving the water solubility and bioavailability of apigenin. The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading content of AP-Cas-NPs were 238.7 ± 2.1 nm, 0.182 ± 0.015, −7.48 ± 0.24 mV, 48.56% and 23.37%, respectively. The characterization results of FTIR, XRD, DSC and 1HNMR revealed that AP was encapsulated in casein through hydrogen bond and existed in amorphous form in the nanoparticles. In vitro dissolution study confirmed that AP-Cas-NPs increased the solubility and dissolution rate of AP. The oral bioavailability of AP-Cas-NPs was increased by 3 times compared with the raw AP. In addition, AP-Cas-NPs also increased the gastrointestinal stability and the hypoglycemic activity of AP. Consequently, These findings suggested that AP-Cas-NPs is a promising and viable strategy for improving the bioavailability of apigenin or other or other bioactive components.

Fabrication of curcumin−loaded foxtail millet prolamin−based nanoparticle: Impact of curdlan sulfate on the particle properties

The sulfation of curdlan was achieved by modification of curdlan with sulfur trioxide–pyridine complex. Curcumin−loaded curdlan sulfate−sodium caseinate stabilized foxtail millet prolamin nanoparticles were fabricated using pH-driven method. Under the optimal conditions, two kinds of foxtail millet prolamin−based nanoparticles were fabricated using different preparation processes for the first time. The mean diameters and zeta-potentials of co−assembled foxtail millet prolamin−sodium caseinate−curdlan sulfate nanoparticles and curdlan sulfate coated co−assembled foxtail millet prolamin−sodium caseinate nanoparticles were 84.7 nm, 136.4 nm and − 45.7 mV, − 41.5, respectively. Molecular docking and infrared spectroscopy indicated that the curcumin was retained in the hydrophobic region of foxtail millet prolamin though four hydrogen bonds and ten hydrophobic interactions, and amino residues of proline, arginase, cysteine, glycine, and alanine served as the main binding sites for curcumin. The deposition and co−assembly of curdlan sulfate enhanced the curcumin encapsulation efficiency from 78.3% to 81.8% and 85.9%, respectively, and slightly reduced the release of curcumin under physiological and endosomal pH conditions. Consequently, the intake of curdlan sulfate−sodium caseinate stabilized composite nanoparticles encapsulated−curcumin by MCF-7 cells was lower than that of sodium caseinate stabilized nanoparticles entrapped−curcumin, and increased the IC50 value from 5.3 μg/mL to 10.5 and 9.0 μg/mL, respectively. This study showed that the biopolymeric nanoparticles have the potential to encapsulate hydrophobic bioactives, and the incorporation of curdlan sulfate exhibited a significant effect on the physicochemical properties, encapsulation, and release profile of foxtail millet prolamin particles.

Heat stability promoted Pickering emulsions stabilized by glidian/sodium caseinate nanoparticles and konjac glucomannan

Pickering emulsions have attracted much attention in the food industry due to their green and non-polluting properties. Effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the heat stability of Pickering emulsions were analyzed by optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), volume mean diameter (d4,3), creaming index (CI) and rheological tests. The results showed that the emulsions without KGM were unstable and delaminated after heat treatment. The d4,3 value of the Pickering emulsion prepared without KGM and 40% oil phase fraction (v/v) was 11.33 ± 0.86 μm at room temperature, while it increased to 35.97 ± 2.00 μm after heat treatment at 100 °C. The Pickering emulsions with KGM concentration of 0.6% and camellia oil content of 60% exhibited desirable particle size and viscoelasticity even after treatment at 100 °C. Therefore, it can be inferred from the results that the increase of KGM concentration and camellia oil content can improve the thermal stability of Pickering emulsion. This study broadens the idea of the processing treatment of Pickering emulsions in food applications and provides a feasible method and theoretical basis for their application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.

Characterization of pickering emulsion stabilized by colloidal sodium caseinate nanoparticles prepared using complexation and antisolvent method

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatments on sodium caseinate (SC) colloidal suspension physicochemical properties and their ability to act as a Pickering stabilizer for reduced-fat formulations. Heat-treated SC (HSC) particles were prepared by adding glucose (HSC-Glc) and tannic acid (HSC-TA), followed by precipitation with ethanol (EtOH) and ethyl cellulose (EC) dissolved in ethanol (EC/EtOH). Stable colloidal suspensions were prepared by adjusting SC, Glc, TA, and EC to 10, 4, 2, and 5 mg/mL respectively, and using a 5: 3 solvent/antisolvent (mL/mL). The stable Pickering emulsions (PEs) in the volumetric ratio of 50: 50 (mL/mL) oil: water were prepared using HSC/EtOH, HSC-Glc/EtOH, and HSC-Glc-TA-EC/EtOH particles as the aqueous phases. They showed higher contact angles and lower interfacial tensions in comparison with native SC and long-term physical stability. Heating and the addition of anti-solvent played the main role in stabilizing PEs with SC and the addition of Glc, TA or EC has only an auxiliary role that could be added or removed depending on its application purpose in the food or pharmaceutical industry. They especially had a major role in the oxidative and thermal stability of the emulsion.

Reversibility of freeze-thaw/re-emulsification on Pickering emulsion stabilized with gliadin/sodium caseinate nanoparticles and konjac glucomannan

The reversibility of freeze-thaw/re-emulsification of Pickering emulsion stabilized by gliadin/sodium caseinate nanoparticles (Gli/CAS NPs) was improved by adding konjac glucomannan (KGM). With the increase in the KGM concentration, the delamination of emulsions after freeze-thaw treatment was significantly improved. The microstructure showed that the presence of KGM helped to maintain the network structure of continuous phases. In particular, the particle size of the emulsion did not increase significantly after three freeze-thaw cycles when the KGM concentration was 0.6 % and the oil phase fraction was 60 %. The results of flocculation degree and coalescence degree also indicated that KGM promoted the cross-linking between particles on the surface of the droplet and increased the thickness of the interfacial film of the droplet. Rheological analysis also proved the same result: the elastic modulus of the emulsion was still larger than the viscous modulus, which showed the ideal freeze thaw reversibility. After adding KGM, the emulsion formed a strong network structure with good stability for long-term storage and reversibility for freeze-thaw cycling/re-emulsification. Thus, the emulsion has broad application prospects in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical fields.

Casein-Based Nanoparticles: A Potential Tool for the Delivery of Daunorubicin in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

The aim of this study was to develop casein-based nanoscale carriers as a potential delivery system for daunorubicin, as a pH-responsive targeting tool for acute lymphocytic leukemia. A coacervation technique followed by nano spray-drying was used for the preparation of drug-loaded casein nanoparticles. Four batches of drug-loaded formulations were developed at varied drug-polymer ratios using a simple coacervation technique followed by spray-drying. They were further characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Drug release was investigated in different media (pH 5 and 7.4). The cytotoxicity of the daunorubicin-loaded nanoparticles was compared to that of the pure drug. The influence of the polymer-to-drug ratio on the nanoparticles' properties such as their particle size, surface morphology, production yield, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and drug release behavior was studied. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles was investigated confirming their potential as carriers for daunorubicin delivery.

Strategic role of casein coated iron oxide nano-particles for delivering nano nutrients for enhance soil quality and their potential

Nanotechnology has many uses and advantages, and it's being used more and more. In agricultural research, it can help with detecting pollutants, fighting plant diseases, delivering pesticides and fertilizers more precisely, transporting genetic material, protecting soil, and making soil stick together better. Since we're facing issues like lower crop productivity, lack of nutrients, and climate change, nanotechnology offers interesting ways to improve farming. It can help manage plant diseases better, make sure plants get the right nutrients, help them grow well, and release pesticides and nutrients in a controlled way.For plants to grow, they require iron, which is essential to chlorophyll synthesis and other enzymatic and metabolic activities. In the current investigation, casein-coated magnetic carriers were produced to provide nutrients to plants and crops. Iron oxide-loaded casein Nano-carriers with a core–shell nanostructure were found to have agricultural benefits. The composition, shape, and structure of magnetic nanoparticles were identified using FTIR, SEM, Raman, XPS, Zeta potential and PXRD. The prepared particles can be used for regulated and targeted nutrition administration. Iron oxide loaded casein nanoparticles will become increasingly important in creating matrices for the regulated release of bioactive substances.