Case Study Of Planning Research Articles

Increasing terminal capacity based on adaptive port planning case study at Cigading Port, Indonesia

The effective infrastructure in the archipelago country to distribute goods is through port loading and unloading activities. One of port that will be the object of this research is Cigading Port in the Banten Province. Main activities of this port are handling dry bulk and liquid bulk cargoes. This port will expand in line with port’s vision and mission to increase cargo handling. The expansion is carried out to achieve target of cargo handling to 26.81 million tons in 2025. This expansion is required big funding, proper planning and can be adjusted to the needs in the future. The purpose of this research is to gain conceptual design and development of various scenario that plausible in the future for Cigading Port. The research methodology will use framework of Adaptive Port Planning (APP) using scenario method. This framework gives advantages compared to conventional planning because of APP can identify, have flexibility in design, and can be adapted from the uncertainty factors in the future. By using this framework, port planner will have several scenarios based on the uncertainty factors that have been identified so he/she can determine the best decision to develop Cigading Port. As results, thirteen uncertainty factors are identified and also four plausible scenarios are developed and based on expert opinion one scenario is chosen that may be developed for conceptual design of the expansion Cigading Port.

Fatalism in Co-evolutionary Urban Planning: Experiences from Infill Planning in Finland

ABSTRACTWhile urban planning must deal with complexity, considering planning as an activity with uncertain outcomes is challenging. This paper explores how urban planning may both proactively motivate development and adapt to change. We view such planning as co-evolutionary, and conceptualize it further by utilizing Cultural Theory, and building on a case study of infill planning in Oulu, Finland. We conclude that while the three active rationales from Cultural Theory can motivate urban development, the fourth, passive, fatalistic rationale, is also needed in order to acknowledge an uncertain future. Further, we discuss three challenges in using fatalism as a planning rationale.

Contesting neoliberal knowledge politics in restoration governance: the restorationist’s dilemma

ABSTRACTThe success of ecological restoration efforts is tightly coupled with the effectiveness of many U.S. environmental policies. Yet scholars have raised questions about the ability of restoration to produce intended results. We use a case study of tidal wetland restoration planning in Oregon to examine how neoliberal environmental governance exercises influence through a set of knowledge politics that produces subpar outcomes. We present three main findings: (1) restoration policies produce a restoration economy based on a conception of wetland as commodity (2) practitioners in this restoration economy exhibit competitive behavior resulting in a piecemeal rather than a landscape approach to restoration; and (3) limited monitoring prevents changes to existing policies. Practitioners offer insight into the challenge of treating wetlands as a commodity and call for more monitoring to challenge the assumptions of hegemonic knowledge practices that reinforce a neoliberal environmental governance regime. The divergent ideas of reflexive practitioners, though not yet manifest as action, show where changes to restoration governance might be possible.

Urban Standards and Ecosystem Services: The Evolution of the Services Planning in Italy from Theory to Practice

Human well-being is determined by multiple factors related to health, social relations, safety, environment, landscape, cultural heritage, and quality of services. The Italian planning system provided a set of “urban standards”, in terms of threshold values of areas per inhabitant destined for public services and facilities. The application of urban standards, for a period of more than fifty years, did not result in a broad improvement of life quality in the urban areas. This paper discusses the issue of urban facilities in Italy in order to evaluate the opportunity to innovate traditional standards according to the environmental and ecological paradigm, focusing on the benefits provided to humans by natural ecosystems, the so-called ecosystem services (ESs). The paper investigates the evolution of the Italian planning practice through the introduction of quality standards and innovative tools able to meet the ever-changing social demand. The research aims to verify if the ES concept is really implemented in the Italian planning practice and if the ecosystem approach has a real impact on political decision-making. Using a comparative method, four case-studies of urban municipal plans are selected and analyzed in order to identify different approaches and possible fields of innovation. The research highlighted a lack of integration of ecosystem services approach in the land use decisions, although there is an in-depth survey on the state of conservation of ecological and environmental resources. The local experiments of qualitative standards represent an attempt to deal with specific ecological emergencies, namely flood risk, air, water, and soil pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Conclusions discuss, from an international perspective, the need to revise the traditional planning approach in the field of public services and facilities, taking into account the influence of ecosystem services on human well-being.

An active learning approach for identifying the smallest subset of informative scenarios for robust planning under deep uncertainty

Deep uncertainty in future climate, socio-economic and technological conditions poses a great challenge to medium-long term decision making. Recently, several approaches have been proposed to identify solutions that are robust with respect to a large ensemble of deeply uncertain future scenarios. In this paper, we introduce ROSS (Robust Optimal Scenario Selection), a novel algorithm that uses an active learning approach for adaptively selecting the smallest scenario subset to be included into a robust optimization process. ROSS contributes a twofold novelty in the field of robust optimization under deep uncertainty. First, it allows the computational requirements for the generation of robust solutions to be considerably reduced with respect to traditional optimization methods. Second, it allows the identification of the most informative regions of the scenario set containing the scenarios to be included in the optimization process for generating a robust solution. We test ROSS on the real case study of robust planning of an off-grid hybrid energy system, combining diesel generation with renewable energy sources and storage technologies. Results show that ROSS enables computational requirements to be reduced between 23% to 84% compared with traditional robust optimization methods, depending on the complexity of the robustness metrics considered. It is also able to identify very small regions of the scenario set containing the most informative scenarios for generating a robust solution.

Using ecosystem service assessments to support participatory marine spatial planning

With growing interest in ocean uses for sustainable economic development, there is an increasing need for cross-sectoral marine spatial planning to balance different resource uses and conservation requirements. Ecosystem service assessments can provide the evidence to inform marine spatial planning decisions. Existing case studies suggest that these assessments can also have positive effects on the engagement of marine stakeholders in management and planning processes. Stakeholder engagement is a central element in marine spatial planning and other area-based management approaches. However, in a marine context, engagement is often difficult due to the lack of clear boundaries in the ocean, traditionally sectoral marine management and limited understanding of marine ecosystems. The study presented here investigated ecosystem service assessments as a tool for improving marine stakeholder engagement. Stakeholder experiences with ecosystem service assessments in six marine management and planning case studies were analysed to identify why, how and under what conditions ecosystem service assessments can support effective engagement. The findings show that under the right conditions, ecosystem service assessments can provide an inclusive and integrative platform for engagement, enable a better understanding of marine ecosystems, human-ecosystem interactions and management contexts, and support better stakeholder relationships. Stakeholder participation also improves the evidence base for ecosystem service assessments. Thus, involving stakeholders in ecosystem service assessments can improve marine spatial planning decisions and lead to better management and conservation outcomes for the ocean.

Compositionality as Creative Identity Building

In this paper, we examine the concept of Compositionality, proposed by Brazilian composer and scholar Paulo Costa Lima, from the interpenetration of five vectors: inseparability, creation of worlds, criticality, reciprocity and compositional processes. Three of these vectors will be compared with the Theory of Compositional Systems in an attempt to demonstrate that the inseparable flow between theory and practice is essential for the developing of a compositional process that comes with the creation of worlds. The systemic modeling of excerpts of Ponteio Op. 35, by Paulo Costa Lima, will be used as a case study for the compositional planning of a small fragment for flute, clarinet, and bassoon.

The role of collaborative research in learning to incorporate values of the public in social–ecological system governance: case study of bushfire risk planning

Values of the public are a key and dynamic component of bushfire governance SES. Learning to work with these values is a significant challenge for government and environmental managers and an important aspect of policy transition in many contexts. During such transitions, collaborative research can play a key role in social learning, but this may be particularly challenging for agencies with dominant expertise in technical and ecological domains. We examined how collaborative research supported social learning to incorporate values of the public in bushfire governance in the State of Victoria, Australia. Following disruption of a major bushfire, new policy directions were established, including greater attention to expectations and participation of communities in bushfire management. Among other actions, the state environmental agency supported this policy transition by establishing a 3-year research collaboration to better understand and incorporate values of the public in their decision making. As both participants and observers of this research, we analyzed publications, unpublished internal reports, and notes from meetings and workshops to identify how the collaborative research facilitated and constrained learning. Analysis revealed how collaborative research presents interruptions in the form of questioning of plans and routines (including of researchers), joint concept development, collection and sharing of new information, tensions within the research collaboration, idea generation building on research insights, and action research to develop new tools or frameworks. These forms of disruption operated in different ways, involving different groups of actors, levels of collaboration, and opportunities for feedback, and these in turn had implications for the forms of learning that occurred. Collaborative research also identified constraints to learning that, in some instances, set the stage for further learning, for example through capacity building and further research.

乡村振兴战略下村域旅游发展规划的思考与实践——以重庆市巫溪县东桥村乡村旅游发展规划为例

乡村振兴战略下村域旅游发展规划的思考与实践——以重庆市巫溪县东桥村乡村旅游发展规划为例

Sprinting for creative economy growth – a case study of a business planning and rapid prototyping toolkit for the Brazilian creative economy sector

This article reflects on the development of a creative economy training product and toolkit developed by Coventry University with SEBRAE (the Brasilian Micro and Small Business Support Service) and funded by British Council. It was devised following two weeks creative economy scoping visits in autumn 2017 in Brasil. The scoping visits identified the need for a fun and “disruptive” business planning experience leading to rapid prototyping which would allow new creative economy ideas to be brought to market at low development cost – “Sprint”. A one day micro Sprint was tested in four locations in Brazil to excellent feedback in late 2017. The client subsequently requested a three day version of the methodology to invest more time in the cultural change of the creative entrepreneur and the development of an associated toolkit. However, this Sprint has subsequently also been rolled out in a super condensed 3 hour version piloting in 2019 and 2020 in Ukraine through British Council Creative Spark programmes. The toolkit offers skills and techniques to train creative entrepreneurs and their mentors in enabling the growth of the creative economy in their communities. This paper predominantly focuses on the implementation of the client commissioned three day Sprint.

Hydrologic Resilience from Summertime Fog and Recharge: A Case Study for Coho Salmon Recovery Planning

AbstractFog and low cloud cover (FLCC) and late summer recharge increase stream baseflow and decrease stream temperature during arid Mediterranean climate summers, which benefits salmon especially under climate warming conditions. The potential to discharge cool water to streams during the late summer (hydrologic capacity; HC) furnished by FLCC and recharge were mapped for the 299 subwatersheds ranked Core, Phase 1, or Phase 2 under the National Marine Fisheries Service Recovery Plan that prioritized restoration and threat abatement action for endangered Central California Coast Coho Salmon evolutionarily significant unit. Two spatially continuous gridded datasets were merged to compare HC: average hrs/day FLCC, a new dataset derived from a decade of hourly National Weather Satellite data, and annual average mm recharge from the USGS Basin Characterization Model. Two use‐case scenarios provide examples of incorporating FLCC‐driven HC indices into long‐term recovery planning. The first, a thermal analysis under future climate, projected 65% of the watershed area for 8–19 coho population units as thermally inhospitable under two global climate models and identified several units with high resilience (high HC under the range of projected warming conditions). The second use case investigated HC by subwatershed rank and coho population, and identified three population units with high HC in areas ranked Phase 1 and 2 and low HC in Core. Recovery planning for cold‐water fish species would benefit by including FLCC in vulnerability analyses.

A model-based approach for biomass-to-bioproducts supply Chain network planning optimization

Supply chain network operation for biomass conversion and utilization is one of the major areas with influence on biomass-related technological progress and commercialization activities. This paper contributes towards optimizing a biomass-to-bioproducts supply chain planning operation by considering multiple cost factors including biomass resource acquisition cost, production cost, and transportation cost as well as direct sales to meet market demands. A superstructure-based modeling approach provides alternatives of biomass processing routes towards an objective of maximizing annualized profit. The formulated model entails five echelons and is implemented on a practical supply chain operational planning case study that involves a biomass-based manufacturing company in southwestern Ontario, Canada intent on long-term business expansion and product portfolio improvement. The results obtained indicates that an optimal product mix comprising a number of products from different processing stages (including preprocessing) can be expected to be achieved, with profit mainly derived through the sales of biofiller, bioethanol, and byproducts. Importantly, the developed model demonstrates the applicability of such a model-based approach in offering insights on operational optimization to attain economic decision-making on biomass resource utilization and processing route selection.

Policy design dynamics: fitting goals and instruments in transport infrastructure planning in the Netherlands

A policy design is a dynamic mix of goals and instruments that develop over time through processes of layering, drift, conversion, replacement and exhaustion. In the face of these dynamics, it is a key concern for policy designers to maintain fit between policy design elements by sustaining goal coherence, instrument consistency and the congruence of goals and instruments. Even though the temporal aspect is fundamental to new policy design thinking, few studies have dealt with the interrelation between policy dynamics and fit. With a longitudinal case study of Dutch transport planning, this research aims to provide insight into this interrelation and to highlight practical implications. This study reveals an intricate and ongoing fitting process between goals and instruments, in which any moment of coherence, consistency and congruence is temporary. During this fitting process, goals and instruments developed in different and largely separate trajectories. In this case, layering successfully improved congruence, but at the same time created inconsistencies between old and new instruments. To resolve some of these inconsistencies, conversion was used. These findings show that policy design is an ongoing process. The main practical implications of this study are that integrating the design of goals and instruments is an essential first practical step, that the ongoing monitoring and evaluation of policy design performance should be a central component in the ongoing process of policy design, and that a combination of layering and conversion can be a successful design approach to adjust instrument mixes to changing goals.

Linking granular computing, big data and decision making: a case study in urban path planning

Granular computing, an emerging information processing paradigm transforming complex data into information granules at different scales so that different features and regularities can be revealed, offers an essential linkage between big data and decision making. By using innovative technologies of granular computing that transforms big data collections into information granules, we would be at position of recognizing and exploiting the meaningful pieces of knowledge present in data, and produce sound, and practically supported decisions. In this study, we first summarize a general scheme of big data–granular computing–decision making and then present a case study where we detect the important traffic event information by collecting and analyzing social media data, and transform them into probabilistic information granules that can be used for urban routing navigation. We propose a robust fastest path optimization model to incorporate the impact of traffic events and generate the optimal routing strategy. Real-life experiments are carried out in regional Chaoyang District, Beijing, as well as the backbone roadway network of Beijing, which illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed big data-driven decision-making method. Our study provides new evidence demonstrating that big data can be efficiently used to enhance decisions and granular computing with this regard. The concept of the proposed scheme can be easily extended for decision-making modeling in other domains.

Ian McHarg’s confident skill

Fifty years has passed since the publication of Ian McHarg’s Design with Nature. With “confident skill,” a quality that Mumford attributed to McHarg in the book’s Introduction, the text intermingled autobiographical notes and philosophical thoughts with chapters on ecological planning case studies and the use of the map overlay technique. Design with Nature provided limited indications about the authors or books that inspired and supported McHarg. The paper, through a literature review, investigates the contingent circumstances that fed the social milieu of the 1960s and 1970s as well as the individuals and ideas preceding or contemporary with McHarg that backed, validated, or substantiated his book and ecological planning. The paper considers the multiple influences that McHarg gathered from scientists and philosophers in the time preceding the preparation of Design with Nature when he created and led his Man and the Environment course and hosted The House We Live In, a CBS television show. It also reflects the multiple ways in which McHarg’s ideas influenced, and were influenced in return, by the development of academic ecology practice and education. McHarg recognized that the book borrowed from the thoughts and dreams of others and that his intention was to divulge his ideas to a wider audience than just academic insiders. The paper affirms that Design with Nature and its author catalyzed social, cultural, scholarly, and professional factors, started a chain reaction that had an undeniable impact on academia, practice, and government in the 50 years afterward, and became a central and fundamental academic reference for landscape architecture and planning.

A Private Organization Utilizes the Best Value Approach on an Enterprise Resource Planning System

The Best Value Approach (BVA) is a new project delivery method that has been documented to increase performance and value on projects by the identification and utilization of expertise instead of management, direction, and control (MDC). It utilizes performance information that is simple, observable, and countable. It allows the expert vendor to know what the client project requires, why they can achieve success and what they will do before they do it. The tracking of the project cost and time deviation requires an initial plan and method to track it. Preliminary results of the BVA have shown a 90% decrease in effort by client organizations, 98% customer satisfaction and has led to 1% vendor cost and time deviation rate. It applies to construction, services/IT projects, and any long-term service. In 2014, a large private organization having difficulty delivering information technology (IT) and construction/facility services identified the BVA as a potential solution. This paper will summarize a major IT Enterprise Resource Planning case study that the large private organization used the BVA on and identify the full results.

Bi-Level Multi-Objective Production Planning Problem with Multi-Choice Parameters: A Fuzzy Goal Programming Algorithm

This paper deals with the modeling and optimization of a bi-level multi-objective production planning problem, where some of the coefficients of objective functions and parameters of constraints are multi-choice. A general transformation technique based on a binary variable has been used to transform the multi-choices parameters of the problem into their equivalent deterministic form. Finally, two different types of secularization technique have been used to achieve the maximum degree of individually membership goals by minimizing their deviational variables and obtained the most satisfactory solution of the formulated problem. An illustrative real case study of production planning has been discussed and, also compared to validate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed work.

The influence of context on the use and added value of Planning Support Systems in workshops: An exploratory case study of climate adaptation planning in Guayaquil, Ecuador

Planning Support Systems (PSS) are a promising tool for involving stakeholders in urban adaptation workshops. Past research has focused on the use and added value of PSS. While earlier studies have widely acknowledged the importance of context in determining the effectiveness of PSS, there has so far been no dedicated study of the influence of context on the use and added value of these tools in real planning workshops. To address this gap, we made an in-depth exploratory case study of a PSS, called the Adaptation Support Tool (AST), used in an adaptation planning workshop in Guayaquil, Ecuador. The workshop used the AST to support collaborative spatial planning for urban water management, at the neighbourhood scale. Interviews, questionnaires, observations and document review were used to investigate the influence of three contextual factors on the use and added value of the AST. The studied contextual factors are: 1) the style of tool use, 2) the phase of planning, and 3) the local project setting. Our findings indicate that the style of tool use and the local project setting were the most important contextual factors in determining the use and added value of the AST during the workshop. Meanwhile, the phase of planning appears to be critical for achieving impacts at the project level. This exploratory case study is a modest first contribution to understanding the influence of context on the use and added value of PSS in practice. Nevertheless, the findings indicate that further exploration of this topic could offer important insights to PSS use in practice.The influence of context on the use and added value of Planning Support Systems in workshops: an exploratory case study of climate adaptation planning in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

A case study of undergraduate debt, repayment plans, and postbaccalaureate decision-making among Black students at HBCUs

High payments and default on undergraduate debt have consequences; they are of national concern if aversion to debt deters students from making optimal postbaccalaureate decisions on postbaccalaureate educational aspirations, enrollment, and early-career occupation. I conducted two semi-structured interviews, near graduation and six months later, with six recent graduates of an HBCU who borrowed at some point in their undergraduate career and were required to complete federal exit counseling. I found that the relationship between undergraduate debt and postbaccalaureate decision-making is partially explained by the themes of timing and structure of information, family as a source of knowledge, comfort with the amount borrowed, and the realities of postbaccalaureate decision-making. The results suggest that following students past graduation is critical because the students' reported confidence or emotional state can change as repayment draws closer.

Mitigating Interest in Union Organizing: Employee Relations Plan Case Study

<p><em>This discussion examined a case study regarding whether resident assistants were university employees who had the right to unionize under federal and state law. Factors contributing to employee interest in unionization were addressed. The university’s strategy to win certification election as well as the union’s strategy to win was evaluated. Finally, a plan for employee relations was developed to mitigate interest in organizing unions by university </em><em>R</em><em>esident </em><em>A</em><em>ssistants (RAs) and their mentors known as CDAs on other campuses and institutions.</em></p>