Case Study Of Interpretation Research Articles

Flooded architecture as an adaptation tool for climate change impact—a case study of possible interpretation in Egypt

In light of the current global environmental issues, such as floods, underground water problems, and soil salinity, there is a growing need for sustainable architectural and housing solutions that can effectively address the impact of these challenges on food and security (Nation 2002). In Egypt, frequent incidents of flooding and sinking roads and cities are observed, particularly after rainfall or in projects that involve underground water drainage (UN-Habitat 2022). This paper explores the concept of flooded architecture, which involves designing buildings and spaces that are intentionally flooded with water. Through a review of relevant literature and case studies, the paper investigates the potential benefits and drawbacks of this approach nationally inside Egypt, structure, and construction used materials, including its impact on energy efficiency, sustainability, and resilience to natural disasters. The findings suggest that flooded architecture has the potential to offer innovative solutions for a range of environmental and social challenges but also raises important questions around safety, maintenance, and cultural acceptance in Egypt.

Unsupervised deep frequency-channel attention factorization to non-linear feature extraction: A case study of identification and functional connectivity interpretation of Parkinson’s disease

In the realm of contemporary medical research, the extraction of pivotal attributes associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from intricate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data characterized by multifaceted dimensions and non-linearity stands as a formidable challenge in the pursuit of realizing automated diagnostic support. To address this issue, an approach is introduced, denoted as the Deep Frequency-Channel Attention Factorization (Deep FCAF), designed to address the complexities inherent to the neurodegenerative ailment of Parkinson’s. The Deep FCAF amalgamates three key elements: (1) the inherent capacity for non-linear processing exhibited by neural networks, (2) the inherent capability of the attention mechanism to capture global interdependencies, and (3) the underpinning principles of tensor decomposition within the order of multi-dimensional data structures. The experiments conducted on the identification of PD underscore the efficacy of Deep FCAF in assimilating structural and non-linear factor matrices, consequently leading to an improved classification performance. Notably, the elucidation of functional connectivity based on the acquired factor matrices align with previous scholarly investigations. The mathematical formulations, derived from the MRI data, facilitate the measurement of the dynamic mechanisms inherent in the MRI data.

Meta’s Oversight Board and Beyond – Corporations as Interpreters and Adjudicators of International Human Rights

Abstract Social media platform corporations such as Meta (Facebook), Twitter, etc. find themselves in a position of having to interpret international human rights norms, in particular Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) (freedom of expression). Millions or even billions of content moderation decisions need to be taken on the platforms each day that affect users’ human rights interests. Since content moderation is integral to the technical and commercial set-up of these platforms, corporate decision-making vis-à-vis human rights and thus corporate interpretation of international human rights norms is inevitable. Yet, corporations are flawed interpreters. Whereas they act, like a court or tribunal, as triadic decision-makers, they, unlike a court or tribunal, do not share the neutrality, impartiality and independence of the latter. In particular, they are responsible to their shareholders and they pursue commercial interests when moderating content. This article grapples with the theoretical and doctrinal implications of flawed but inevitable corporate human rights interpretation. Taking the early practice of the Oversight Board, a body established by Meta, Inc. (Facebook), in order to tackle the “hard cases” of content moderation as a case study, the pitfalls and challenges of corporate human rights interpretation become apparent. In the end, I submit a few suggestions in order to remedy what seems to be here to stay with us at least for as long as an important part of public discourse is channelled through social media platforms.

Improving online instruction with self-regulated learning: A case study of kinematics graph interpretation

The objective of this study was to determine if students’ skills interpreting kinematics graphs could be improved in an online instruction environment by using the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) framework. The gain in skills was measured by comparing pre-test and post-test results of the objective Test for Understanding Graphs – Kinematics (TUG-K) for N=19 students. The average score of the post-test was 62% better than the average score of the pre-test. The difference between the two average scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, an opinion survey of the students – conducted before and after the SRL intervention – showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of 15% regarding the students’ own sense of self-efficacy, and their capacity for delayed gratification (self-control). These two intra-personal skills, in addition to metacognition, are addressed and developed by the SRL framework. SRL also develops self-instruction skills which opens further possibilities of using class time to provide feedback and to thoroughly assess student knowledge with oral exams. These initial results provide a positive outlook that the development of SRL skills contributes to improvements in online instruction.

Visualization and inquiry into mental content in design activity: a case study of design interpretation

AbstractThe study of interpretation is of major importance for our understanding of design cognition. When interacting with design representations, designers often rely on metaphorical descriptions as interpretive devices, which aid in coping with the task at hand. Consequently, such descriptions can enlighten us regarding the designer's perspective of the situation, and their analysis can deepen our knowledge of design cognition. We observe designers as they metaphorically interpret design representations during a simple task of spatial configuration, and introduce an approach for modeling this practice, as a means for getting insights into the designer's mental world. In this, we draw on traditional practices of protocol analysis, as well as on state-of-the-art theoretical frameworks for situated design and discourse analysis. Our integrated approach demonstrates how important relations between external and internal reality in design activity can be mapped and visualized. This sheds some light on the cognitive process of interpretation in design. The proposed method can both serve as a basis for detailed analyses of design cognition and for the enhancement of current models for situated design agents.

Remote Sensing Image Interpretation With Semantic Graph-Based Methods: A Survey

With the significant improvements in Earth observation (EO) technologies, remote sensing (RS) data exhibit the typical characteristics of Big Data. Propelled by the powerful feature extraction capabilities of intelligent algorithms, remote sensing image interpretation has drawn remarkable attention and achieved progress. However, the semantic relationship and domain knowledge hidden in massive RS images have not been fully exploited. To the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of recent achievements regarding semantic graph-based methods for comprehension and interpretation of remote sensing images is still lacking. Specifically, this article discusses the main challenges of remote sensing image interpretation and presents a systematic survey of typical semantic graph-based methodologies for RS knowledge representation and understanding, including the Ontology Model, Geo-Information Tupu, and Semantic Knowledge Graph. Furthermore, we categorize and summarize how the existing technologies address different challenges in RS image interpretation based on semantic graph-based methods, which indicates that the semantic information about potential relationships and prior knowledge of variant RS targets are central to the solution. In addition, a case study of RS geological interpretation based on the semantic knowledge graph is demonstrated to show the promising capability of intelligent RS image interpretation. Finally, the future directions are discussed for further research.

Localising human rights law: a case study of civil society interpretation of rights in Scotland

ABSTRACTLiterature, most notably in anthropology and international law, has explored experiences and contributions of local-level actors in efforts to realise international human rights. This article contributes a new and complementary perspective to one aspect of this scholarship, on the localisation of international rights language. It focuses on the localisation of legal language in a European context. It explores claims by civil society actors about the applicability of legal human rights standards, drawing upon data generated during the participative mapping process that underpinned Scotland's first National Human Rights Action Plan. The article provides a qualitative case study of engagements with three particular rights – the right to life, the right not to be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to respect for private and family life. It finds significant evidence of civil society actors using the language of human rights law to anchor interpretive claims about how the rights should apply, in a way that is prescribed, but not defined by, authoritative institutional interpretations. The case study reveals how interpretive engagement with human rights law corresponds to a sense of entitlement to use the language of international human rights. It thereby contributes to a richer understanding of the drivers of, and risks to, local-level ownership of human rights language, highlighting insights for both scholarship and human rights advocacy.

Adaptive identification and interpretation of pressure transient tests of horizontal wells: challenges and perspectives

The paper deals with a topical issue of defining oil reservoir properties during transient tests of horizontal wells equipped with information-measuring systems and reducing well downtime. The aim is to consider challenges and perspectives of developing models and algorithms for adaptive identification and interpretation of transient tests in horizontal wells with pressure buildup curve analysis. The models and algorithms should allow analyzing flow behavior, defining oil reservoir properties and determining well test completion time, as well as reducing well downtime. The present paper is based on the previous theoretical and practical findings in the spheres of transient well testing, systems analysis, system identification, function optimization and linear algebra. Field data and results of transient well tests with pressure buildup curve analysis have also been considered. The suggested models and algorithms for adaptive interpretation of transient tests conducted in horizontal wells with resulting pressure buildup curve make it possible to analyze flow behavior, as well as define the reservoir properties and determine well test completion time. The algorithms for adaptive interpretation are based on the integrated system of radial flow PBC models with time- dependent variables, account of additional a priori information and estimates of radial flow permeability. Optimization problems are solved with the case study of PBC interpretation for five horizontal wells of the Verkhnechonsk field.

Tantadrujevo iskanje sreče: od didaktike do interpretacije

The paper presents a case study of the school interpretation of a medium-length narrative text based on the principle of a learning chain of fragments equipped with questions for close reading. This didactic approach became widespread in Slovenia prior to the Second World War, achieving systematic implementation with the publication of two workbooks for home reading: Zlati poljub (Golden Kiss) and Poljub zlata (Kiss of Gold) in 1998. After almost two decades of school use, it is time for a more detailed assessment of the approach and its usefulness. The assessment has been undertaken partly through a comparison of two learning chains that were created based on the well-known short story Tantadruj by Kosmač. The paper concludes with an interpretative attempt that connects Tantadruj’s search for happiness with the narrator’s search for creative inspiration.

Using reverse vertical seismic profiling (RVSP) to characterise the subsurface fracture system of the Seokmo Island geothermal field, Republic of Korea

This paper presents a case study of fracture-system interpretation using reverse vertical seismic profiling (RVSP) with seismic reflection, refraction, and borehole televiewer data on Seokmo Island, South Korea. We first extracted fracture locations from a pre-existing image obtained by prestack phase-screen migration of RVSP data, and the strike and dip of each fracture from the borehole televiewer data. We established an initial velocity model using this fracture information and then generated synthetic common-receiver gather data through forward simulation. However, the synthetic data could not sufficiently reflect the characteristics of the field data. To resolve this problem, we added an upper alluvial layer, observed in the surface reflection and refraction data, to the velocity model. To improve the quality of the migrated image of the RVSP field data and the velocity model, we not only reprocessed the RVSP data, but also applied prestack generalized-screen migration, which is more accurate than phase-screen migration in computing steep fractures. The new synthetic data generated from the improved velocity model agreed well with the RVSP field data. As a result, we could describe a markedly improved subsurface structure including fracture locations. The workflow suggested in this study will be helpful for imaging fracture systems in oil and gas reservoirs as well as in geothermal reservoirs.

The highs and lows of theoretical interpretation in animal-metacognition research.

Humans feel uncertain. They know when they do not know. These feelings and the responses to them ground the research literature on metacognition. It is a natural question whether animals share this cognitive capacity, and thus animal metacognition has become an influential research area within comparative psychology. Researchers have explored this question by testing many species using perception and memory paradigms. There is an emerging consensus that animals share functional parallels with humans' conscious metacognition. Of course, this research area poses difficult issues of scientific inference. How firmly should we hold the line in insisting that animals' performances are low-level and associative? How high should we set the bar for concluding that animals share metacognitive capacities with humans? This area offers a constructive case study for considering theoretical problems that often confront comparative psychologists. The authors present this case study and address diverse issues of scientific judgement and interpretation within comparative psychology.

Discussion of “Distribution of residual load and true shaft resistance for a driven instrumented test pile”1Appears in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal,48(4): 583–598 [doi: 10.1139/t10-084

The authors have presented a well-documented case study of the load test interpretation of prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles, which are very popular in the Far East and are often favoured over steel piles on the basis of cost. Despite their popularity, well-analyzed load test case histories are rare and hence the authors’ paper is a valuable contribution to the technical knowledge base. Although the authors’ have considered the geotechnical aspects in detail, the discussers believe that this case study also would benefit from a fuller analysis of the structural conditions of the piles. This is because the authors have identified that the key design aspects for this site are actually the maximum load in the pile and the pile structural strength, but not the pile capacity. Based on the load test results, the authors concluded that the long-term maximum load in the pile will approach the pile structural strength and hence grouting the central void should be considered. The discussers have carried out an assessment of the pile strength using a different approach and compared the results with the current design guidelines. It was found that even with the central void grouted, the PHC piles are still not sufficiently robust and a different pile size or type may need to be considered. The discussers’ assessment and, where appropriate, comparisons with the authors’ results are described as follows.

The Book of Esther—: A Case Study of Ideological Interpretation

Each generation of commentators has imprinted the Book of Esther with its own values and world views. The present article deals with the commentary of Rabbi Shlomo Aviner, one of the leading figures of religious Zionism, on Esther as a case study of the religious Zionist interpretation of this book. Committed both to Zionist ideology and to the Biblical canon, Aviner is determined to find a way to reject the exilic ambiance of the Book of Esther without tarnishing its two principal protagonists. He invests this story of courtly intrigue with modern insights and validates its religious and moral value for his vibrant, well informed readers. In Aviner's interpretation the story of Esther and Mordecai is no longer that of two successful Diaspora Jews who find themselves involuntarily caught up in the antisemitic plot of a lone evildoer; rather, it becomes the story of the daring struggle of two indefatigable warriors standing shoulder to shoulder in total combat against the forces of evil.

A case study of stratigraphic and lithologic interpretation of thin reservoirs through an integrated approach

To improve modeling, understanding and drilling of new wells in thin reservoirs, we developed an advanced quantitative methodology that integrates 3D poststack seismic data, impedance logs, and geologic knowledge. The approach uses well-log analysis, seismic wavelet estimation and well-to-seismic calibration, horizon tracking, instantaneous and multidimensional attribute analysis for structural mapping, stratigraphic interpretation using window-based attributes, and inverted acoustic impedance obtained from 3D poststack stratigraphic inversion.

Lessons from a case study of a geophysical interpretation in Western Victoria

This paper compares the predictions and results of the Victorian Initiative for Minerals and Petroleum drilling programme, mostly over the Horsham 1:250 000 map sheet area of western Victoria. Sixteen holes were drilled beneath thin cover of the Cainozoic Murray Basin at targets identified in Moore's (1996) geological interpretation of the airborne magnetic and ground based gravity data. This integrated interpretation divided the region into the Stawell and Glenelg Zones. The Stawell Zone metaturbidites and metabasalts form the eastern edge of the Lachlan Fold Belt. The Glenelg Zone included weakly metamorphosed andesites of the Dimboola Subzone, greenschist to amphibolite facies metaturbidites and metavolcanics of the Miga Subzone and amphibolite grade rocks of the Ozenkadnook Subzone. All were deformed in the 500 Ma Delamerian Orogeny.Drilling depths were estimated both from magnetic modelling and previous drilling in the region. Drilling targeted basement depths between 30 m and 250 m. Where magnetic modelling was the main depth control, basement depths were within 20% of predicted depths, slightly more reliable than those estimated from nearby drilling.Of the sixteen holes, nine intersected the predicted lithologies and another three intersected lithologies that substantially agreed with the predictions. While four drill holes intersected quite different lithologies to those predicted, no major geological reinterpretation was needed. The drilling intersected both Cambrian continental island arc volcanic rocks and Upper Proterozoic metasedimentary basement, strengthening the temporal and tectonic correlations between western Victoria and western Tasmania.The study showed that a careful interpretation can give a reliable indication of the basement, even in areas of total cover. Integrating geological and geophysical data and using standard geological logic and techniques, like drawing sections to test plan interpretations, are powerful aids. Drilling complemented the interpretation by providing samples that could be used to test the interpretive hypothesis.

Testing for marginal homogeneity of remote sensing classification error matrices with ordered categories

The classification error matrix is frequently used for assessment of the quality of land-use maps and statistical areal estimates derived from remotely sensed data. The difference between the row and column marginals within individual categories is a useful measure of systematic differences between the two classifications. The tabulated values of an error matrix are the result of a sampling procedure, and it is therefore important to know the statistical significance of the differences. Statistical tests are presented for testing the significance of such differences of error matrices with ordered categories. One of the tests can be used to compare differences of several categories, as well as a test for significance of differences for individual categories. A case study of photo interpretation of tree species according to an ordinal scale demonstrates the computation of the test statistics. Different ways the tests might be used are considered, and some requirements related to the sampling model of the statistics are discussed.

Symbolic Inaction in Rituals of Gender and Procreation among the Garifuna (Black Caribs) of Honduras

The concept of the accompanies the development of anthropology since its beginnings. As such, it provides us with a case study of ethnological interpretation over one century. As the anthropologist's creation, the concept couvade provides us with a mirror in which to examine our discipline. This paper first reviews the wide range of practices to which the term has referred. It then briefly outlines the history of explanation of these practices, giving emphasis to the position, held by various researchers from 1861 to the present, that the is a form of maternity simulation. Taking the case of the Garifuna (Black Caribs) of Honduras, I argue, instead, that examination of meaning in parent rituals among the Garifuna reveals that the is not merely a representation

Applications of Forward Modeling Resistivity Profiles

AbstractA simple numerical two‐dimensional interpretation model for resistivity profiles and soundings, similar to the one presented by Mufti (1976, 1978, 1980), has been developed for a PC. With the aid of the computer program, a synthetic response of Wenner and Schlumberger soundings or profiles can be generated for two‐dimensional subsurface structures. The possibility of calculating a resistivity response in advance offers a tool to optimize electrode configurations and spacings, and hence greatly improves the value of the measurements. A better insight is also obtained into how geological structures may affect the size and shape of anomalies in resistivity profiles. With the aid of the model, the sensitivity of Schlumberger and Wenner arrays to the weathered layer thickness in a granitic environment is illustrated, and a case study of the quantitative interpretation for a resistivity profile from a schistose environment in Burkina Faso is presented.

Case study of stratigraphic interpretation using shear and compressional seismic data : McCormack, M D; Dunbar, J A; Sharp, W W GeophysicsV49, N5, May 1984, P509–520

Case study of stratigraphic interpretation using shear and compressional seismic data : McCormack, M D; Dunbar, J A; Sharp, W W GeophysicsV49, N5, May 1984, P509–520

Drainability of some Dutch clay soils: A case study of soil survey interpretation

Riverine and marine non-calcareous Dutch clay soils have moderate limitations for use as grassland under existing conditions due to high ground-water levels in winter and early spring, which have traditionally been attributed to a very low K sat of the clay. Physical research, which used soil morphology to define sample size and soil maps to locate test sites within defined mapping units, showed that permanent high ground-water levels were primarily due to low hydraulic gradients and not to a low K sat. Well-maintained tile drainage, to be associated with low water levels in the ditches in winter, resulted in much lower ground-water levels in the soil, thereby effectively reducing use limitations imposed by existing conditions and improving soil suitability. The latter was specifically characterized in this study in terms of the assessment factor: “drainage status”. Tile drainage resulted in a significant increase of K sat which was thought to be due to increased drying and cracking of the relatively young riverine soil. In the older marine soils, the increase of K sat upon tile drainage was due to deep earthworm activity. Existing suitability can thus be improved by using appropriate technology, i.e., tile drainage associated with better water management. The detail by which the technology is defined in soil survey interpretation is critical. The detail should not exceed the generality-level dictated by the variability of regional field data.