Case Study Material Research Articles

The feminist frontier: on trans and feminism

Against a back-drop of ongoing hostility between sections of feminism towards trans communities, and particularly feminist antagonism towards trans women, this paper explores the relationship between feminism and transgender. Through the use of original case study material, gathered by virtual methods, the paper explores events that have occurred since the millennium that are used to highlight particular epistemological and political tensions between feminism and trans. Central themes running through the case studies include the constitution of ‘woman’, the policing of feminist identities and spaces, and questions of bodily autonomy. In conclusion, the paper stresses the importance of rejecting trans-exclusionary feminism and of foregrounding the links between feminism and transgender as a key social justice project of our time.

TADF Material Design: Photophysical Background and Case Studies Focusing on CuI and AgI Complexes.

The development of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and the use of emitting molecules have strongly stimulated scientific research of emitting compounds. In particular, for OLEDs it is required to harvest all singlet and triplet excitons that are generated in the emission layer. This can be achieved using the so-called triplet harvesting mechanism. However, the materials to be applied are based on high-cost rare metals and therefore, it has been proposed already more than one decade ago by our group to use the effect of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) to harvest all generated excitons in the lowest excited singlet state S1 . In this situation, the resulting emission is an S1 →S0 fluorescence, though a delayed one. Hence, this mechanism represents the singlet harvesting mechanism. Using this effect, high-cost and strong SOC-carrying rare metals are not required. This mechanism can very effectively be realized by use of CuI or AgI complexes and even by purely organic molecules. In this investigation, we focus on photoluminescence properties and on crucial requirements for designing CuI and AgI materials that exhibit short TADF decay times at high emission quantum yields. The decay times should be as short as possible to minimize non-radiative quenching and, in particular, chemical reactions that frequently occur in the excited state. Thus, a short TADF decay time can strongly increase the material's long-term stability. Here, we study crucial parameters and analyze their impact on the TADF decay time. For example, the energy separation ΔE(S1 -T1 ) between the lowest excited singlet state S1 and the triplet state T1 should be small. Accordingly, we present detailed photophysical properties of two case-study materials designed to exhibit a large ΔE(S1 -T1 ) value of 1000 cm-1 (120 meV) and, for comparison, a small one of 370 cm-1 (46 meV). From these studies-extended by investigations of many other CuI TADF compounds-we can conclude that just small ΔE(S1 -T1 ) is not a sufficient requirement for short TADF decay times. High allowedness of the transition from the emitting S1 state to the electronic ground state S0 , expressed by the radiative rate kr (S1 →S0 ) or the oscillator strength f(S1 →S0 ), is also very important. However, mostly small ΔE(S1 -T1 ) is related to small kr (S1 →S0 ). This relation results from an experimental investigation of a large number of CuI complexes and basic quantum mechanical considerations. As a consequence, a reduction of τ(TADF) to below a few μs might be problematic. However, new materials can be designed for which this disadvantage is not prevailing. A new TADF compound, Ag(dbp)(P2 -nCB) (with dbp=2,9-di-n-butyl-1,10-phenanthroline and P2 -nCB=bis-(diphenylphosphine)-nido-carborane) seems to represent such an example. Accordingly, this material shows TADF record properties, such as short TADF decay time at high emission quantum yield. These properties are based (i) on geometry optimizations of the AgI complex for a fast radiative S1 →S0 rate and (ii) on restricting the extent of geometry reorganizations after excitation for reducing non-radiative relaxation and emission quenching. Indeed, we could design a TADF material with breakthrough properties showing τ(TADF)=1.4 μs at 100 % emission quantum yield.

The Upgrading of Fire Safety in Historic Buildings

There is a seemingly continual erosion of our cultural heritage due to fires in historic buildings. Some of these fires result in partial loss of the asset, some result in total loss – in all cases irreplaceable historic fabric is destroyed. Accurate recording for fires in historic buildings is problematic, but such data as have been collated indicate that the level of loss is high. One of the key factors in achieving robust fire safety in historic buildings is the upgrading of physical fire protection measures. It has been suggested that we should assume a fire event is probable, and together with a context in which outside help might be some time in arriving, such measures are considered crucial in containing the fire and raising the alarm as quickly as possible. This article considers passive and active fire protection measures, using case study material to provide illustrative examples. Where it might be expected that conservation requirements, aiming to avoid negative impact to character and significance, might hinder disruptive physical interventions to improve fire protection, in fact a great deal can be achieved. Such a pragmatic approach is arguably necessary for the safety and preservation of built heritage, when the alternative might otherwise be yet another burnt-out shell.

National parliaments and the new contentiousness of trade

Rather than becoming obsolete, national parliaments have come back obstinately in the politics of trade. This article develops this proposition and explores its contribution to the idea of twenty first-century trade as contentious market regulation. Contra the Lisbon Treaty, national parliaments’ assertion entrenches the role of domestic actors in the EU trade liberalisation policy, and fleshes out its multi-level parliamentary bases. We discuss the role, drivers, and patterns of parliamentary assertion and explore parliamentary assertion using preliminary survey and case study material. We find that the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiations represented the tipping-point of parliamentary assertion. Through interpretation and political engagement, national parliaments have forged a role for themselves that was unforeseen in the Lisbon Treaty: weighing in on the policy-making and the ratification processes. In Europe, parliamentary assertion reflected the twin impact of a changing global trade agenda and the centralisation of the EU trade policy regime.

Sitting outside: Conviviality, self‐care and the design of benches in urban public space

The urban bench has been romanticised as a location of intimacy and benign social serendipity, and problematised with regard to perceptions of unwelcome loitering. In this paper we explore embodied practices of sitting on benches within an urban context characterised by corporate‐led regeneration and impacted by austerity urbanism, imperial history and ongoing racisms. Our schizocartographic methodology enables us to attend to the differentiated and shifting subjectivities and temporalities of bench users, and to emerging counter histories of space. The research is based on the case study of a central square in Woolwich, south‐east London. This involved an eclectic combination of methods, including film‐making, ethnography and interviews, and a cross‐sectoral team of activists, academics and an artist. The paper starts by conceptualising public space with respect to lived experiences of marginalisation, arguing that architectural design is intrinsic to understanding micro‐geographies of conviviality and care. The case study material is used first to provide a visual sketch of sitting and watching others in the square and then to address conviviality and the value of visibility and relative proximity in framing a mostly un‐panicked multiculture. Third, we discuss agentic, yet critically aware, acts of self‐care. Finally, our focus shifts to the design of the benches and the “touching experiences” of bodies sat in various ways, impacted by structural inequalities, yet differentiated by the particularities of individual or collective priorities. In conclusion we argue that attending to the precision of sitting on a bench can illuminate multiple temporalities of urban change in relation to both individual subjectivities and hegemonic structures. Further, the counter histories that emerge can inform policy and practice for inclusive urban design.

A Business Writing OIL (Online International Learning)

Online International Learning (OIL) helps to integrate soft skills into the academic curriculum, as well as providing students with international interaction opportunities. In this article, we evaluate the extent to which telecollaborative writing tasks between UK-based (mostly Chinese) and Finnish students over an online platform can benefit academic writing learning experience and contribute to curriculum and materials design in EAP. In the article, there are two groups of learners from different geographical contexts, Finland and the UK. The Finland-based students are almost all Finnish, while those studying in the UK are mostly from China. In both cases, the target language is English. The students in Finland worked in pairs to create authentic case study materials, and the students in the UK, in what we characterize as “stimulus writing”, produced reports based on the case studies they had been given.

Fair Labor Practices in Values-Based Agrifood Supply Chains?

This research commentary reviews our exploratory study of the incorporation of fair labor practices into the business models of values-based agrifood supply chains (VBSCs) studied in the USDA-sponsored “agriculture-of-the-middle” (AOTM) regional research project. We examined what the certification affiliations of AOTM enterprises signaled about their values priorities as described in AOTM case study documents and in the enter­prises’ website advertising outreach. While we found weak evidence for prioritization of the fair labor practices value in these case study materials, our analysis suggests that characteristics of VBSC lead enterprises—whether the VBSCs are producer-, consumer-, or aggregator-driven—provide a promising focus for future research into possibilities for fair labor practices in these types of alternative agrifood enterprises. In an effort to advance research on this important but relatively neglected topic in the alternative agriculture litera­ture, we note the need to develop effective, ethical research strategies to investigate sensitive labor issues in alternative agrifoood supply chains and to identify labor-intensive VBSCs as future case study targets.

A fairytale narrative for community sport? Exploring the politics of sport social enterprise

ABSTRACTWith voluntary sports clubs operating within competitive leisure markets and local governments responding to austerity by transferring sport facilities to community groups, such organisations are encouraged to become social enterprises. Driven by social entrepreneurs embracing ‘Robin Hood’ business models, they apparently deliver innovative solutions to social problems. Such fairytale narratives are increasingly popular in Scotland with its reputation as a ‘happening place’ for social policy innovation. Using case study material from an award-winning football social enterprise, I outline how time spent in their deprived community establishing needs and ownership aided success. Also, recruiting local youth workers, developing authentic partnerships, and creating a non-judgemental environment delivered a positive ‘ripple effect’ beyond that possible from class-blind sport provision. However, ‘win win’ rhetoric ignores stresses from meeting financial requirements and moral dilemmas from trade-offs between social and business goals. The organisation’s ‘non-establishment’ nature is partially undermined by emphasising local poverty of aspiration and the psychological thinking within Dweck’s ‘Growth Mindset’ and Duckworth’s ‘Grit’ research. The resulting focus on individual effort and learning from failure chimes with neoliberal thinking, ignoring how widening societal inequality and politics causes local problems and the need for structural changes for wider social impact.

Sharing Coordination of Health Services on Flinders Island using an applied continuous quality improvement approach

Flinders Island is located in the north of Tasmania, with population of approximately 700 residents. Flinders Islanders are significantly older than Tasmanian and Australian averages, with high rates of avoidable mortality and living in one of Tasmania’s most socioeconomically disadvantaged regions. They have a large Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, sparsely situated communities, a lack of public transport paired, costly fuel, fragmented service funding streams and intermittent fly-in outreach services. Stakeholders identified that coordinating available care was a critical factor to ensure a high risk population received care that was both appropriate to its needs and efficient in terms of local resourcing. The Flinders Island Aboriginal Association Inc. (FIAAI), government funded Multipurpose Centre (MPC) and Primary Health Tasmania (PHT) convened 10 multidisciplinary working group meetings to review 11 case studies of Flinders Islanders living with complex health needs between November 2015 and May 2016. The local general practice participated in working groups and an independent clinical facilitator interviewed consenting local residents for case study material. An applied continuous quality improvement (CQI) approach was used to identify barriers, enablers and opportunities. The aim was to improve the coordination of care for the people on Flinders Island living with complex health needs. The theory of change was that bringing stakeholders together to review common cases would enable them to identify common opportunities and the feasibility of testing these to improve the coordination of care for Flinders Islanders. Patient stories, combined with the facilitator’s clinical expertise, focussed case review sessions on problem solving for actual patients whom the providers around the table could identify with. Working group participants reporting increased motivation to involve patients and be stronger advocates for systems level processes that might contribute to improving their care. Noticeable cultural change was achieved within the provider group that participated in this project; improved inter-personal and inter-organisational provider relationships are a key requirement to ensure the sustainability of activity towards improved coordination of care for Flinders Islanders. The degree to which this cultural change is sustained is dependent upon multiple ongoing factors including staff availability and stability within the three organisations, the maintenance of cooperative interpersonal and inter-organisational relationships and sustained momentum. The CQI methodology is applicable and transferable to other scenarios where multiple providers service patient groups due to the use of patient centred case reviews which aid in focussing provider perspectives on common challenges and opportunities. This project brought together stakeholders to review current local practices and identify opportunities to overcome existing barriers to coordination of patient care on Flinders Island. It enhanced communication, coordination and planning between previously disparate providers. It enabled local identification of activities to sustain gains using a time delimited, locally sustainable and transferrable methodology. It has highlighted the importance of inter-provider relationships, the justification for change, change readiness and patient centred care in efforts to improve the coordination of health care delivery.

Building resilience to food insecurity in rural communities: Evidence from traditional institutions in Zimbabwe.

Many rural communities that depend on smallholder farming face food insecurity induced by climate-related disasters. In response, some communities are taking the initiative to cope and adapt to climate-related disasters. Using case study material from the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, this article examines how traditional institutions are enhancing resilience to food insecurity in rural areas. The data were collected through interviews and focus groups involving traditional leaders, ward councillors, village civil protection members and villagers selected in the valley. The findings point to how the Zunde raMambo informal safety net, nhimbe form of collective work and the practice of share-rearing arrangement to access draught power help save lives and alleviate food insecurity induced by flood or drought disasters. The study concludes that the three schemes are evidence of community reorganisation or change in response to food insecurity. They are a form of absorptive capacities enabling the community to cope with food insecurity.

The Observed Experiences of Music Therapy on Parent-Child Interaction for Families with Children with Down Syndrome

The relationship between the quality of parent-child interactions and positive child development is well established in the literature. Nevertheless, parental and familial factors may pose risks to parents’ capacity to participate in quality interactions with their children. Families with a child with a disability in particular are more likely to experience social isolation, and higher levels of parenting stress. Early intervention programmes to promote positive parent-child interaction for these families is well recognised. However, there is a lack of literature about the effectiveness of such programmes for these families. This research study explores music therapy on parent-child interaction, specifically focusing on children with a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). This case study involves two in-depth cases of children diagnosed with DS and their primary caregivers. The study documents individual music therapy sessions which took place over a six week period. The case study materials were gathered through the researcher’s direct observations, fieldwork notes, and reflective journal logs. The music therapy block encouraged the primary caregivers to be more responsive during parent-child interactions. Furthermore, the children involved learned to engage and share musical activities with their mothers.

The CASE Project: Evaluation of Case-Based Approaches to Learning and Teaching in Statistics Service Courses

ABSTRACTThe CASE project (Case-based Approaches to Statistics Education; see www.mas.ncl.ac.uk/∼nlf8/innovation) was established to investigate how the use of real-life, discipline-specific case study material in Statistics service courses could improve student engagement, motivation, and confidence. Ultimately, the project aims to promote deep learning of course material, with students from other disciplines being equipped with the skills to undertake independent quantitative analyses (for example, in their final year dissertations). In this article, I describe the case-based materials and associated activities, developed as part of this project, for first year Business undergraduates taking a compulsory course in quantitative methods. I also attempt to evaluate the success of the CASE project through a trial in which a randomly selected subgroup of students was exposed to case-based learning and teaching activities. After adjusting for nuisance factors, I found that students in this subgroup outperformed their peers who were not selected for case-based learning and teaching, in terms of their grades in both routine algorithmic homework exercises and more open-ended projects requiring problem-solving and interpretative skills.

Educating for an Inclusive World: Lessons Learned From A Globally Networked Human Rights and Disability Course for Social Work and Law Students

ABSTRACTThis article examines an innovative model of online international education regarding disability through a human rights perspective piloted through a collaboration between Universidad LaSalle, Mexico, and University at Buffalo, United States. The course is organized around a pressing global human rights and development issue. Its objective is to promote effective practice with persons with disabilities through cross-national, cross-disciplinary, human-rights based education; strengthen students’ sense of global engagement; and foster cross-cultural expertise and competence with diversity. The implications for effective professional education in law and social work are discussed. The article also examines pedagogical strategies and presents case study materials, identifies key disability rights themes common to both nations and cultures, and explores how distance learning technology is implemented in the course. A preliminary assessment of this newly piloted approach is also presented, based on data from students, as well as the implications for teaching and practice.

Safe Space for change in the outside world of School: A Framework for running Therapeutic Groups in schools

In this paper presentation report presenter (Jill McWilliam) will give a brief overview of the framework developed with school-based facilitators and multi agency teams for use alongside the Morton model of Therapeutic Story groups. The presenter will give a brief summary of case study material to show how a child used the space in a group to express inner pre-occupations and re-engage with learning and his peers and class teacher. The case study will include an example of the profile of the child developed using the evaluation tool (Metaphors Social and Learning Resilience Score) that is then shared with the school as a means of showing changes resulting from the work and next steps with the child in school or with the family.

‘These streets are ours’: Mumbai’s urban form and security in the vernacular

This article contributes to the growing literature on the spatial dynamics of urban violence in the developing world. It highlights the dialectic between urban form, violence and security provision as vernacular in nature, shaped by hyperlocal processes and actors. And yet, this dialectic is dominated by state and military-centred terminology, and continually underpinned by the state’s imposition of order to constitute the city as a site for legitimate control. This materialises as the often arbitrary recognition of one area as ‘at the margins’, and not another, as the recognition of one group of people as ‘slum dwellers’ or illegal residents, and not others, or as the recognition of some individuals as criminal, and not others. Using detailed case study material from a group of inner-city neighbourhoods in Mumbai, India, the article suggests that urban form in its physical, political and historical characterisations not only influences how vigilante protection operates, but also interacts in a non-benign manner with the mechanics by which the state endeavours to control violence. As such, it shapes who is vulnerable to violence, how vulnerable they are, and why. This speaks directly to the nature of security provision witnessed across the cities of the developing world.

LISTERIOSIS CASE STUDY – VARIATION AND LONGEVITY FOR CURRICULUM ENHANCEMENT

Both teaching and learning from case studies enriches the engineering curriculum by connecting the classroom to real world complexities. A case study about the 2008 Listeriosis outbreak at the Maple Leaf Foods facility in Toronto was developed for the Food Process Engineering course, ChE 564. ChE 564 is a fourth-year technical elective in Chemical Engineering at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo), offered once every winter term. The Listeriosis case was developed by Waterloo Cases in Design Engineering (WCDE) from publicly-available sources.The WCDE Listeriosis case study has been used in four offerings of ChE 564 by three instructors, from 2013 to 2016. Factors that influenced the successful transfer of teaching material are explored using instructor reflection, classroom observations, and student feedback. The three instructors reflected on these factors between each offering of the course and adapted their teaching methodologies to align with the learning outcomes for the course.The evolution of the WCDE Listeriosis case study and its longevity will be discussed over the four course offerings. Issues such as student expectations, the role of the instructor, the open-ended nature of the case, class size, and class engagement are discussed as well. The success and challenges of the Listeriosis case study have broader implications on the difficulties of transferring material between terms and instructors while balancing variation for different cohorts. One challenge when developing case study material is balancing the time invested with the rewards in the classroom and the uptake by different instructors and/or courses.

Is Superdiversity a Useful Concept in European Medical Sociology?

Medical sociology has a poor track record of researching diversity in theoretically innovative ways. This paper notes usage of the term superdiversity in migration and urban studies, to ask about its utility in general and more specifically for researching the social production of health and illness. Referring to a multi-country interview study about healthcare seeking strategies, the need to understand the diversification of diversity and the challenges for multi-method health research are described. Six interviews each were conducted in Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK, to give a diversity sample of 24 adults who described their strategies and practice when seeking healthcare. In discussing how far superdiversity can help to model socio-economic and cultural changes already identified as challenging health policy and service provision, the paper draws on case study material. The complex intersecting dimensions of population diversity to which superdiversity draws attention are undoubtedly relevant for commissioning and improving healthcare and research as well as policy. Whether models that reflect the complexity indicated by qualitative research can be envisaged in a timely fashion for quantitative research and questions of policy, commissioning and research re key questions for the superdiversity’s ongoing usefulness as a concept.

Model of the International Financial Grid and the Panama Papers

One of the advantages of empirically-grounded theory is to provide a deeper understanding of natural events. This is true both of the physical and social sciences, and especially of economic theory. We examine an empirical event in economics in 2016, called the “Panama Papers”. Reports on the event provide material for an empirical case study about the international financial grid, focused upon the use of dummy corporations in “dark money” international-capital-flows. We analyze the case though a topological model of the international financial grid.

Fact and Fiction in Global Energy Policy: 15 Contentious Questions by Benjamin K. Sovacool, Marilyn A. Brown, Scott V. Valentine

Reviewed by: Fact and Fiction in Global Energy Policy: 15 Contentious Questions by Benjamin K. Sovacool, Marilyn A. Brown, Scott V. Valentine Dan van der Horst (bio) Fact and Fiction in Global Energy Policy: 15 Contentious Questions. By Benjamin K. Sovacool, Marilyn A. Brown, and Scott V. Valentine. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016. Pp. 370. $34.95. In the era of alternative facts, fake news, populist politics, and divided publics, this book is a very welcome reminder that it is possible to consider both sides of an argument, look for evidence, and identify the potential scope for a sensible middle ground. As a progression from Benjamin Sovacool and Marilyn Brown’s 2007 edited volume Energy and American Society—Thirteen Myths, this book is explicitly “global” in outlook, with a lot of case study materials drawn especially from (western) Europe and [End Page 891] (East) Asia. With close attention to context and subjectivity, it provides an excellent bridge to other works that seek to improve our energy literacy by making the facts more accessible (e.g., David MacKay’s 2009 Renewable Energy—Without the Hot Air). The authors draw on Georg Hegel’s dialectic approach in which two competing but plausible perspectives are considered (thesis and antithesis), followed by an effort to reconcile these (synthesis). Organized into four thematic sections, the book takes the reader through fifteen “contentious questions” that are relevant (directly or indirectly) to global energy policy: 1. Energy and society; the role of industry, energy efficiency, government interventions in the energy market 2. Energy resources; the “peak” resource phenomenon, shale gas as a bridge to a clean energy future, the mainstreaming of renewable electricity, the all-electric future of cars, our potential to sustainably feed and fuel the planet 3. Climate change; mitigation versus adaptation; outlawing geoengineering; is clean coal an oxymoron? 4. Energy security and transitions; is nuclear energy worth the risk? is national energy independence feasible and desirable? are we close to a global energy crisis? can we speed up the energy transition? For each question, the authors adopt a detached, neutral tone while taking the reader through the main concerns in favor and against a particular view. They reveal some of the underlying values and then indicate the broad layout of a sensible compromise, if one can be found. I felt that this format worked rather well. While students of energy policy are the primary target group for this 300-page volume, there is plenty of interesting material for more senior researchers, including memorable quotes from experts and politicians, insightful country case study examples, and the illustrative use of national or global statistics. Occasionally a complicated concept is glossed over in a hurry, but the book is written in a very accessible style. The rationale for the inclusion of exactly these fifteen questions is not spelled out. I suspect the authors were looking for a set of questions of global relevance that are unlikely to expire soon. Each question or thematic section can be read independently, making this book a useful (teaching) resource for peer group discussions and classroom debates, showing how different valid views can be constructed with good supporting evidence. The book has an excellent concluding chapter which examines the causes of contention (six causes are listed, summarizable as conflicts of interest, complexity and uncertainty, and ideology) and underlines the reasons why those with a particular worldview will be inclined to engage only selectively with the facts potentially at their disposal. The authors identify eight different (stereotypical but not mutually exclusive) worldviews, leading to particular framings in the energy debate: technological optimists, free [End Page 892] market libertarians, defenders of national security, energy philanthropists, environmental preservationists, justice advocates, neo-Marxists, and conscientious consumers. The chapter ends by providing six “maxims” for anyone seeking to make sense of public energy debates. It covers the kind of critical reflections we seek to instill in our students (regardless of discipline), but also crave to find in our decision makers: “As we have seen, energy decisions are not determined by objective fact, but by contextual truth, supplemented by a dose of invented, soothing fiction” (p. 353). In the current policy environment, the book should be guaranteed...

Flexible Approaches to Using Online Case Data When Coupled with Textbook Based Case Studies in Medical Sciences Teaching and Learning

Case studies are commonly used to anchor important theoretical concepts with carefully guided use of practical experience. This session explored approaches and methodologies for effective and creative use of coupling online case study resources with text book case studies in order to enhance learning. An illustrative example referred to use of a textbook of case studies in One Health (i.e., the factors and health outcomes related to the interaction of animals, humans, and their environment) to be published in 2016 that is coupled with online data, visual resources, and testimonials. Coupling textbooks of medical case studies in particular with online additional data is not new, although there was no record found of a learning situation using medical case studies in which prescriptive step-by-step instructional guidance for using online data is deliberately avoided and instead students are encouraged to rely on their own creativity. Benefits of avoiding a prescriptive approach include a more realistic learning experience for clinicians, latitude for use of personally preferred learning styles, and more opportunities for creativity in the teaching and learning process. Participants in the session reflected on their own teaching and learning style preferences to contribute to discussion of how required use of online case study data might stimulate or suppress their creativity, both for teachers and students. Barriers included lack of consistency in audience demographic making it more challenging to provide a consistent learning experience and poor attention to context of application of case study lessons; catalysts included some degree of guided process for stimulating use of case study materials, supervision of discussion to facilitate sufficient interaction for learning, and adequate funding for preparing and hosting case study materials.