Case Study Of Shanghai Research Articles

Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the diversity of notifiable infectious diseases: a case study in Shanghai, China.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not only posed significant challenges to public health but has also impacted every aspect of society and the environment. In this study, we propose an index of notifiable disease outbreaks (NDOI) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on other notifiable diseases in Shanghai, China. Additionally, we identify the critical factors influencing these diseases using multivariate statistical analysis. We collected monthly data on 34 notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) and corresponding environmental and socioeconomic factors (17 indicators) from January 2017 to December 2020. The results revealed that the total number of cases and NDOI of all notifiable diseases decreased by 47.1% and 52.6%, respectively, compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to improved air quality as well as impacted the social economy and human life. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that population mobility, particulate matter (PM2.5), atmospheric pressure, and temperature were the primary factors influencing the spread of notifiable diseases. The NDOI is beneficial in establishing an early warning system for infectious disease epidemics at different scales. Furthermore, our findings also provide insight into the response mechanisms of notifiable diseases influenced by social and environmental factors.

Identifying urban built-up areas using CORONA imagery in the pre-Landsat era: a case study of Shanghai in 1965

ABSTRACT The Corona project (1959–1972) created a large number of high-resolution images that provided valuable historical research data before the advent of Landsat (1972) and even compensated for the lack of accuracy in early stages. In this study, we collected eight available Corona images to create a historical remote sensing image of Shanghai in the 1960 and developed an automatic image segmentation and classification methodology. In the experimental part, we verified its accuracy, and discussed the urbanization process in Shanghai. The results showed that 1) In 1965, the urban area of Shanghai was mainly distributed in Puxi, and the urbanization degree of the entire hinterland of Pudong was still very low. Built-up areas were highly concentrated in the main urban areas. 2) The overall accuracy was 91.5% and the kappa coefficient was 0.762. 3) We compared the built-up area in 1965 with the current urban area, which increased from 306.23 to 2,804.25 km2. Besides, historical imagery also captured the state of environmental pollution at that time. Overall, our method could inform the mapping and classification of remotely sensed land surfaces on a global scale in the 1960s, extending pre-Landsat era research to studies of urban history, archaeology and cultural heritage.

Achieving Neighborhood-Level Collaborative Governance through Participatory Regeneration: Cases of Three Residential Heritage Neighborhoods in Shanghai

Residential heritage neighborhoods in China are experiencing a transformation from large-scale demolishment, which is associated with relocating residents, to small-scale neighborhood regeneration, and distinctive models of participatory regeneration are emerging. Participatory regeneration is increasingly considered to be an effective way to achieve multiple goals in urban development; however, little research has investigated the impacts of participatory regeneration on achieving neighborhood-based collaborative governance. This study aims to explore which mechanisms associated with participatory regeneration facilitate or constrain neighborhood-based collaborative governance, using case studies in Shanghai. Based on the investigation of three nuanced pathways in participatory regeneration, this study compares four dimensions associated with participatory regeneration (i.e., participatory decision-making, inclusion, collective problem-solving, and power-sharing) and explores key mechanisms that are applicable for achieving collaborative governance in different scenarios, aiming to enhance social development and social sustainability in future. The findings indicate that although grassroots government played vital roles in participatory heritage neighborhood regeneration through financial support and supervision strategies, facilitating mechanisms could still be observed for achieving collaborative governance. Furthermore, this study provides suggestions for planners in building collaborative governance in other developing areas which are experiencing rapid urbanization with strong state interventions.

Research on Chinese Fire Station Optimal Location Model Based on Fire Risk Statistics: Case Study in Shanghai

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the gap between urban and rural areas is decreasing. The traditional approach of constructing fire stations based on urban built-up areas is no longer suitable for the needs of modern fire rescue. Therefore, a comprehensive fire station location model is proposed based on fire risk assessment. This method divides the protected area units based on the urban road network. By evaluating different regions based on spatial position, land attributes, population density, floor area ratio, and fire incident indicators, the fire rescue risk levels and categorize regions into four risk levels are assessed. Corresponding response times were determined, and an objective model was developed to maximize the coverage area for fire response. The Baidu API was utilized to accurately calculate driving distances and times, and Gurobi optimization software was used to solve the model. Taking Shanghai as an example, the fire station location and layout from two perspectives—re-planning based on overall station placement and re-planning based on existing stations—were analyzed. The results suggest that constructing around 150 fire stations in Shanghai would effectively meet the fire rescue needs, which aligns with the actual situation in Shanghai and demonstrates the strong applicability of this model. This approach enables the meeting of new demand for fire station construction due to the significant increase in the coverage area while effectively utilizing firefighting resources.

Measuring Effectiveness of Metro-Based Underground Logistics System in Sustaining City Logistics Performance During Public Health Emergencies: A Case Study of Shanghai

City logistics performance (CLP) is being increasingly challenged by public health emergencies and relevant mobility restriction policies. This paper introduces a novel urban contactless delivery measure incorporating the metro-based underground logistics system (M-ULS) and “Pandemic Thruport” (P-Thruport) concept to encounter logistics service failure during pandemic outbreaks. This solution is proposed to utilize the redundant public rail transit capacity to move goods efficiently and collectively from the outskirts to in-city customer destinations. To assess the effect of the proposed solution on CLP, two interacting system dynamics models are developed, where supply–demand relationships, logistics operation process, and CLP evaluation indicators (e.g., delivery time delay, costs, infection model, and underground logistics benefits) are comprised. The COVID-19 outbreaks in Shanghai City from March to May 2022, were taken as a case to evaluate the variation of CLP under four different scenarios associated with the dynamic implementation of M-ULS and the pandemic conditions. Results show that the new system is conducive to lowering the infection risks of logistics activities and improving urban freight transport efficiency. Compared with trucking mode, M-ULS’s advantages reflect in cost-saving and service capability. Moreover, the sustainable improvement of CLP can be achieved by balancing the operations of M-ULS and road-based logistics services through incentive policy adjustment.

Measuring the age-friendliness of streets' walking environment using multi-source big data: A case study in Shanghai, China

The rapidly aging population demands more public and academic attention to both the physical and psychological needs of older adults. Walking is one of the most favored forms of transportation and exercise for older adults. Hence, the conditions of walkways and the built environment are critical for the development of an older adults-friendly society. In this research, considering six indicators of greenness, walkability, safety, imageability, enclosure, and complexity, a novel quantitative evaluation model based on multi-source geospatial big datasets is proposed for assessing the age-friendliness of streets' walking environment from both the older adults' and experts' perspectives and has also been successfully applied in the case study of Xuhui District in Shanghai, China. Based on the survey with both groups of older adults and experts, the age-friendliness of the streets' walking environment from both perspectives was obtained, analyzed, and compared. The results show that among all sub-districts in Xuhui District, Tianping Road Sub-district and Hunan Road Sub-district have the best walking environment; and the roads surrounding expressways or arterial roads typically have lower levels of age-friendliness, while sub-arterial roads and access roads generally exhibit higher levels of age-friendliness according to both older adults and experts. It is also noted that streets with high age-friendliness for older adults tend to be outstanding in walkability and greenness, whereas experts prefer streets with high safety and walkability. In addition, the comprehensive analysis of the impact factors on age-friendliness further reveals a series of hidden significant influencing factors associated with the different preferences between older adults and experts. It is believed that our findings are useful for supporting policy-makers on how to improve the age-friendliness of streets and build age-friendly cities.

Deformation Characteristics of Soft Soil Induced by Deep Excavation and Its Impact on Adjacent Tunnels: A Case Study in Shanghai

This research aims to comprehensively study the deformation characteristics of an excavation pit of 7,600 m2 (117 m long, 65 m wide and 20.8 m deep) in soft clay in Shanghai, China. The deformation characteristics of the mixing pile in both the vertical and lateral directions, ground surface movement, and surface displacement in the adjacent tunnels were comprehensively investigated. The results indicated that the maximum lateral deflection was approximately 85 mm at the end of the excavation and that the maximum lateral displacement, δhm, was in the range between 0.12%He and 0.41%He. The factor of safety of the excavation was approximately 1.6, which was larger than that of most reported sites in Shanghai. The relationship between heaving and excavation depth was strong between 0.0047%He and 0.056%He, and a relatively large settlement was observed at a distance of approximately 0.2He–0.3He. The tunnel surface of the eastbound line deformed upward and inward with a maximum horizontal convergence of 4 mm. A multilayer regression model was also validated, showing a maximum discrepancy of 26.5 mm. This research provides a valuable historical case for the documentation of the deformation characteristics of excavation pits close to existing foundation pits and tunnels.

Simulation of emission reduction path under the path of differentiated energy transformation in China's industrial cities: a case study of Shanghai.

The formulation of long-term step-by-step emission reduction plan is an important step for effective scientific emission reduction. This paper takes Shanghai as the research object, constructs PSO-LSTM model on the basis of STIRPAT model, and further constructs three dynamic policy scenarios combined with China's actual situation and makes short-, medium-, and long-term multivariate predictions for them. The study finds that only the improvement of energy consumption structure has a promotion effect on carbon emission reduction, and urbanization, industrial structure, technology level, population, and economic level all have an increasing effect, and secondly, the carbon emission reduction path of Shanghai basically achieves the core objective of steady decrease under the three scenarios. Secondly, under the three scenarios, Shanghai's carbon emission reduction path basically achieves the core objective of steady decline, but the decline in the GU scenario is more significant. It is recommended that Shanghai further adjusts its industrial structure, optimizes its energy consumption structure, promotes technological innovation and progress, and promotes the development of the circular economy model.

Perceived neighborhood walkable environment, neighborhood interaction and mental health among residents of different age groups: a case study in Shanghai, China

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationships between the perceived neighborhood walkable environment (PNWE), neighborhood interaction (NI) and residents’ mental health, with a focus on examining differences among residents of different age groups.Design/methodology/approach Using an electronic survey questionnaire, data on PNWE, NI and mental health were collected from 1,159 residents across 205 communities in Shanghai, China. Our study utilized a structural equation modeling (SEM), employing the maximum likelihood estimation method. The structural equation model was fitted using the MPLUS software.Findings The mental health of young and middle-aged adults is generally poor, and they are at higher risk of depression than children and older adults. The effects of PNWE and NI on the mental health of residents varied among different age groups. As residents get older, their mental health is more affected by the PNWE. In addition, the influence of the PNWE on children and older adults’ mental health is direct and not mediated by NI. For young and middle-aged adults, the influence of the PNWE on their mental health needs to be mediated by NI.Originality/value This study marks the first examination of the relationship between PNWE, NI and mental health among different age groups of residents in China. The findings of this research can assist policymakers in gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which PNWE affects mental health. Furthermore, it can contribute to the development of more targeted walkable environment designs aimed at enhancing mental health among various age groups.

Research on Correlation Between Recreation Rules and Spatial Features of Community Parks Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Shanghai

Research on Correlation Between Recreation Rules and Spatial Features of Community Parks Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Shanghai

Assessing Coastal Vulnerability and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Natural Habitats in Enhancing Coastal Resilience: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

This research evaluates the coastal vulnerability of Shanghai, evaluates the effectiveness of existing natural habitats in reducing that vulnerability, and, finally, provides recommendations to improve the resilience of the coastal areas. Shanghai is an important economic center that is home to a large population. However, the combination of ground subsidence, rising sea levels, and more frequent coastal flooding due to tropical cyclones poses escalating climate risks for Shanghai, demanding urgent mitigation measures. The InVEST Coastal Vulnerability Model was used in this study to assess Shanghai’s coastal vulnerability under the current situation and various scenarios that simulated the absence of natural habitats. The assessment results were analyzed through a comparison between different scenarios and spatial aggregation analysis. This study pinpointed highly vulnerable areas, primarily located on the east coast of Chongming Island, the east and northeast coasts of Hengsha Island, and the east coast of the mainland of Shanghai. These areas need to be prioritized for intervention. Also, it demonstrated the effectiveness of existing natural habitats in reducing coastal vulnerability, with large green spaces and salt marshes playing a greater role compared to small green spaces. This is the first study applying the InVEST Coastal Vulnerability Model to Shanghai, demonstrating the model’s potential in providing valuable information regarding coastal protection against the impacts of climate change in Shanghai. Insights from the findings of this study are useful in crafting sustainable land-use policies and plans for Shanghai.

Factoring in temporal variations of public transit-based healthcare accessibility and equity

Access to healthcare services using public transportation (PT-based healthcare accessibility) is a crucial aspect in achieving healthcare equity as it affects individuals’ ability to receive healthcare. Previous research has focused on the spatial features of healthcare accessibility. However, less attention has been given to its temporal characteristics, which can be influenced by transit schedules, multimodal connectivity, congestion, and other factors. This study proposes a framework to better understand the impacts of temporally varying PT-based healthcare accessibility on healthcare equity. A case study of Shanghai, China is used to illustrate the temporal variation of healthcare accessibility, with a focus on hourly inter- and intra-regional disparities. These disparities are captured using the Gini coefficient and Theil index. Additionally, the study introduces bivariate local Moran’s I to identify healthcare shortage areas and evaluate the spatial autocorrelation between population density and healthcare accessibility. The findings of this study reveal that the accessibility to healthcare services experiences significant fluctuations throughout the day, leading to temporal variations in healthcare equity. Subway service quality contributes more to temporal variations than bus service quality. The lowest point of such equity is reached when PT operates at its full capacity. On a spatial level, individuals residing in newly developed regions, which surround the historical urban core or recently planned city subcenters, tend to experience decreased accessibility to healthcare via public transportation. Consequently, it results in a heightened reliance on motorized transportation in these areas. These findings provide insights that can inform the design of PT accessibility-based strategies, healthcare improvement plans and inclusive housing policies, to address healthcare equity issues in metropolitan areas. By considering both spatial and temporal factors, we can better understand the complex relationships between transportation and healthcare accessibility to promote equitable access to healthcare services and foster social equity.

Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: the wellbeing of Chinese migrant children-a case study in Shanghai.

This study uses Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model as its theoretical framework to consider the findings of an investigation of the emotional, social, and physical wellbeing of Chinese migrant children and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in urban areas. This study expands our perspective by combining the views of students, parents, and teachers to explore the emotional, social and physical wellbeing of migrant children in Shanghai who were participating in online learning during the COVID-19. Observation and semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect data for this case study. Thirty-one migrant children, nine parents, 10 teachers and a school principal from a Shanghai junior high school participated in this research. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that although video-recorded lessons were high quality, it put pressure on migrant children due to the lessons containing only new material with no reviews and reduced opportunities for them to interact with their own teachers. In addition, the differences in study progress between the migrant children and the local children that showed up during the online learning, and neglect from teachers and policymakers, made the migrant children anxious, angry and confused about their future. Besides, parents install monitors at home to support their children's online learning, but it had the opposite effect and simply provoked increased conflicts between children and their parents. Finally, although the online lessons have affected the optical health of students, the subsequent additional cooking lessons have mitigated the optical health problem and strengthened the connections between home and school. The inequalities of education encountered by migrant children during the COVID-19 period have made them realize the disparities they have suffered in Shanghai. The exposure of this problem raises the prospect of a reform of educational policies for migrant children in the future.

A Study on the Willingness and Needs of Elderly Companion Services in Super Large Cities —A Case Study of Shanghai

A Study on the Willingness and Needs of Elderly Companion Services in Super Large Cities —A Case Study of Shanghai

A study on the influencing factors of childbearing intention of working-age women—A case study of Shanghai

A study on the influencing factors of childbearing intention of working-age women—A case study of Shanghai

Self-Sustainability for green energy in megacities: A case Study of Shanghai towards Net-Zero Goal

China’s ambitious 2060 net-zero carbon emission goal places increasing pressure on megacities to transition towards green energy self-sustainability. This paper delves into the feasibility of this target using a case study of Shanghai, the largest city in the world’s highest emitting nation. In the study, both quantitative and qualitative evaluations involving literature review, ArcGIS, and approximation analysis were applied to calculate the total amount of electricity that local could generate and maximize for renewable energy in order to fulfill the percentage of Shanghai’s energy demand. Through discussing various renewable methods such as solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal power, it projects the city’s potential for renewable energy self-sufficiency from now to 2060. The outcome of this study aims to: (1) Evaluate the vicinity and feasibility of green energy self-sustainability in megacities, considering the trade-off between ideal scenarios and real-world limitations; (2) Determine the necessity and potential volume of imported electricity under different renewable energy scenarios for Shanghai; (3) Provide a practical reference for other cities to benchmark their own renewable energy infrastructure development and assess their progress towards net-zero emissions; (4) Identify existing gaps and challenges that need to be addressed to achieve green energy self-sustainability in large urban centers. By offering a detailed analysis of Shanghai’s renewable energy potential and its implications for China’s national target, this study is expected to contribute to the broader discourse on urban decarburization and paves the way for a greener future for megacities worldwide.

Assessing the spatial equity of the aged care institutions based on the improved potential model: a case study in Shanghai, China.

With the spread of an aging society, the demand for aged care institutions among older adults is increasing. The inadequate supply and distribution of aged care institutions have led to an increasing concern about spatial equity in aged care institutions. Most studies have utilized accessibility to assess spatial equity from the supply perspective, while the demand perspective has received little attention. In addition, few studies have evaluated the spatial equity of aged care institutions at grid resolution. Therefore, this study takes Shanghai as an example to analyze aged care institutions from both the supply and demand perspectives. By proposing an improved potential model, at a network resolution of 500 × 500, the spatial equity of aged care institutions is more refined. The results show that aged care institutions and the older population in Shanghai are predominantly concentrated in the downtown area and surrounding regions. However, the results obtained from the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient indicate the allocation of pension beds based on population size is proportional across different districts of Shanghai. When considering the quality indicators of aged care institutions and introducing the improved potential energy model to calculate spatial accessibility, an imbalance between regions in Shanghai still exists and needs further optimization.

Managerial groups competing in the field of teacher professional development: a case study of Shanghai, China

ABSTRACT In recent years, teacher professional development (TPD) has gradually shifted from a voluntary, personal initiative towards a mandate from higher echelons to hold schools and teachers accountable. The literature mainly investigates the influences of centralised control on teachers and their professional development from the perspective of new public managerialism (NPM). It emphasises conflicts between two groups of actors: teachers and managers. This study takes TPD in Shanghai, China, as an example to investigate the relationships among various professional groups on a field level. It argues that in the context of NPM, due to the proliferation of managerial tasks, a cluster of managerial groups has emerged and separated the field into isolated yet overlapping jurisdictions. TPD has become a field in which managerial groups interact and compete with each other to legitimise their own jurisdictional claims and regulative powers rather than a mechanism for improving teachers’ knowledge and skills.

A multistage simulation-optimization-integrated methodology framework for user-oriented electric vehicle carsharing reallocation under dynamic price subsidy

Electric vehicle (EV) carsharing operation is facing major challenge to balance the increasing user demand with insufficient vehicle availability and station capacity. Previous researchers mainly focus on reallocating EVs in limited stations and discrete periods through operator-oriented strategies, while containing scant study of dynamic pricing scheme that can benefit supply-demand balance and service profitability in continuous operation periods. Therefore, this paper proposes a multistage simulation-optimization-integrated methodology framework for adaptively incentivizing users based on dynamic price subsidy (DPS). In stage I, Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) is used to determine the real-time supply-demand distributions from user historical data. In stage II, a novel user-oriented reallocation optimization model is established to maximize the operation profit based on the obtained SUMO results. To obtian feasibile solutions, an improved immune genetic algorithm is developed to effectively solve the model. The real-world case study in Shanghai shows that, compared with other benchmark methods, the proposed methodology can significantly increase the daily profit from 78981 RMB to 89506 RMB and improve the system balance from 78.1 % to 94.5 %. Sensitivity analysis and cost-benefit analysis show that the user-oriented DPS can reduce operation cost and order waiting time, while promoting EV utilization within different user populations.

Modeling and multi-objective optimization of polymer desiccant cooling system

The polymer desiccant cooling system (PDCS) efficiently reduces energy consumption compared to the vapor compression system (VCS). In this paper, a PDCS integrated heat pump is proposed. Experimental and simulation are used to analyze the performance of the PDCS. The control strategy is optimized with the NSGA Ⅱ algorithm. A case study in Shanghai illustrates the practical application of the PDCS optimization strategy. The calculation results based on the thermal comfort requirement show the maximum energy consumption of optimized PDCS, routine PDCS, and VCS are 549.9 kW, 597.7 kW, and 1327.7 kW. About 62.7 % and 72.3 % of energy can be saved in routine PDCS and optimized PDCS compared to VCS. Moreover, the maximum moisture removal efficiency of the above scenarios is 10.67 kW/(g·s), 11.56 kW/(g·s), and 25.42 kW/(g·s), separately. Additionally, the maximum coefficient of performance is 0.530, 0.457, and 0.182, respectively.