Case Study Analysis Research Articles

The Adaptation of Modern Housing Heritage: Authenticity and Integrity in the Case of Cité Modèle

The post-war social housing estate, Cité Modèle (Model City) in Laeken-Brussel (BE) was designed with CIAM principles in 1950s as a high-rise modern residential district where different types of dwellings integrated with car-free zones, wide green areas and various social facilities. Today it is an exceptional urban site in the history of modern architecture in Belgium. However, physical deterioration and socio-economic vulnerability necessitated the adaptation of the settlement in 2005, leading to the preparation of a masterplan which included a twelve-year of rehabilitation programme. Different types of interventions, both prior to this masterplan and in accordance with it, have led to changes in different attributes of this living heritage site. This paper aims to discuss the impacts of various conservation and adaptation strategies on the authenticity and integrity of the modern housing heritage, while considering expanding and questioning their definitions. The methodology includes literature review, field surveys, case study analyses, and comparative tabular evaluations to explore the dimensions of authenticity and integrity in modern housing heritage. The research on this case study has the potential to address a notable question in the literature on both architectural conservation and design based on the dialogue between continuity and change, and the re-interpretation of authenticity and integrity regarding a living modern heritage site.

The Role of Consumer Empowerment and Its Comparison in Financial Inclusion in the Global South

This research examines the role of consumer empowerment in advancing financial inclusion across the Global South, focusing on Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The study aims to understand how empowering consumers through economic literacy, protection, and equitable access facilitates meaningful participation in formal financial systems. It employs a qualitative analysis of case studies from Kenya, Bangladesh, Brazil, South Africa, Liberia and India, combined with a review of relevant policy frameworks and innovations in digital financial services. Findings reveal that consumer empowerment significantly enhances financial inclusion by building trust, fostering financial capability, and enabling access to tailored products. Case studies highlight the transformative impact of mobile platforms like M-Pesa and bKash, Liberia linking the informal financial sector to the formal financial sector pilot project and regulatory measures such as Brazil’s consumer protection laws and India’s responsible lending guidelines. However, barriers such as limited infrastructure, regulatory gaps, and socio-cultural norms continue to impede progress. The study concludes that bridging these gaps requires collaborative efforts to strengthen consumer protection, expand literacy programs, and leverage technology for equitable financial access. By addressing these challenges, stakeholders can create inclusive and resilient financial ecosystems that drive sustainable economic growth in the Global South.

Anthropology of Music: A Review of History, Theory, and Development

Purpose: This article generally discusses music anthropology as a multidisciplinary field of study that explores the relationship between music, culture, and human behavior. The problem raised in this article is the lack of in-depth understanding of how music acts as a reflection, shaper, and connector of cultural dynamics, especially in the era of globalization which brings significant changes to the study of music anthropology. By exploring its historical roots in ethnomusicology to its development in the modern era, this article underlines the transformation and relevance of music studies in understanding cultural and social dynamics in various contexts, with the hope of providing theoretical and practical insights in understanding, preserving, and integrating traditional music into the modern context. Method: This research uses qualitative methods by integrating literature review, comparative analysis, and thematic exploration of key texts and case studies in the field. Data sources came from relevant books and scholarly articles to provide a comprehensive perspective. Triangulation techniques were used to validate the data through comparisons between definitions, theories and historical contexts, thus ensuring consistency of findings across approaches. Results and Discussion: The results in this study show that music anthropology, both in its classical and contemporary approaches, remains relevant as a cultural analysis tool. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in understanding music, not only as an artistic expression, but also as a reflection of identity and its evolving dynamics.

Cultural Dimensions and Ethical Decision-Making: A Case Study of Multinational Corporations Operating in Indonesia

Multinational corporations (MNCs) face significant ethical challenges when operating across diverse cultural environments, where differing norms and values can create conflicts in decision-making processes. This study examines how cultural dimensions, such as power distance and collectivism, influence ethical decision-making within MNCs, with a specific focus on operations in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the research integrates thematic analysis of case studies and interviews with corporate managers. Data were also triangulated with organizational documents and industry reports. The findings reveal that high power-distance cultures, such as Indonesia, favor centralized decision-making, with ethical dilemmas typically resolved by senior leadership. While this hierarchical approach ensures efficiency, it often compromises transparency and accountability. Conversely, the collectivist orientation emphasizes group consensus and community engagement, fostering inclusivity but occasionally delaying resolution. For instance, case studies on bribery, environmental violations, and gender equality initiatives demonstrate the critical role of cultural adaptation in achieving ethical outcomes. Notably, participatory approaches involving local stakeholders improved trust and alignment with community expectations, enhancing reputational outcomes by 20% compared to centralized strategies. The study concludes that effective ethical frameworks for MNCs must balance global standards with cultural sensitivities. Recommendations include the adoption of culturally adaptive ethical policies, inclusive leadership training, and robust stakeholder engagement strategies. These findings offer valuable insights for MNCs aiming to navigate ethical complexities in culturally heterogeneous environments, contributing to both theoretical and practical advancements in global business ethics

Advancements in regulatory agility, regional collaboration, and digital transformation: insights from the Asia Partnership Conference of Pharmaceutical Associations (APAC)

PurposeThe Asia Partnership Conference of Pharmaceutical Associations (APAC) examines recent developments in regulatory practices across Asia, focusing on regulatory agility, regional collaboration, and digital transformation. The paper identifies key improvements made by national regulatory authorities (NRAs) in adopting regulatory agilities over a two-year span. It also suggests optimizing regional reliance pathways and recommends best practices for implementing e-submission, real-world evidence (RWE), decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), and paperless e-labelling.MethodsAPAC surveyed all 14 member associations to track progress in regulatory agility implemented by our NRAs from 2022 through April 2024. Additionally, APAC assessed the uptake of regional reliance pathways and the implementation levels of e-submission, RWE, DCTs, and paperless e-labelling. Through the analysis of case studies and survey results, the paper aims to identify key trends, challenges, and opportunities in the regulatory landscape.ResultsNine of twelve NRAs have advanced in regulatory agility, with Thai FDA leading with a 36% improvement and ranking 7th in the number of best practices implemented. e-Labeling adoption rose by 50%, and there was a 17% increase in the use of multiple sites under one license, good reliance practices, and acceptance of electronic Certificates of Pharmaceutical Product (eCPP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (eGMP). Perceived issues with the ASEAN Joint Assessment (JA) procedure include timeline constraints, limited flexibility in choosing participating NRAs, and country-specific requirements. NRAs have achieved 100% adoption of e-submissions and 50% for paperless e-labeling. Additionally, 67% accept data from DCTs and RWE using good reliance practices. However, 42% still require paper documents in e-submissions, and 50% continue to accept dossier format different from the International Council for Harmonisation Electronic Common Technical Document (ICH CTD).ConclusionsAPAC supports adopting agility best practices to reduce country-specific requirements, optimizing the ASEAN JA procedure. APAC also values strategic partnerships with NRAs, as demonstrated by the case studies of Vietnam and India. The shift towards digital transformation is evident, with 50% adoption of paperless e-labeling and 100% adoption of e-submissions, though not all processes are paperless with the use of ICH CTD dossier format. Overall, continued alignment with international standards for implementing eCTD, RWE, and DCTs is required in all 12 economies to realize the full benefits of globally harmonized digital advancement.

Green Features: A Pathway to Climate Change Mitigation in Gombe State University (GSU), Nigeria

The adoption of green features in the built environment has emerged as a promising pathway towards climate change mitigation. This article explored the role of green features in mitigating climate change concerns within the Nigerian context, with a focus on the case study of Gombe State University (GSU) as a case study. The study employed a multiple approach, including literature review, case study analysis, and content analysis of relevant documents, to investigate the implementation of sustainable sustainability initiatives at GSU. Key findings from the study revealed that GSU has made a significant stride towards climate change mitigation by successfully implemented various green initiatives, including afforestation, erosion control measures, renewable energy integration, and eco-friendly waste management. Specifically, the university has planted over 3,000 seedlings (including 500 date palms and other fruit and non-fruit trees) and established a mini-animal zoo park for animal conservation. These efforts have greatly demonstrated an improved eco-friendly and conducive learning atmosphere and mitigate the effect of climate change and in return reduced the carbon footprint and erosion control. The research concluded by demonstrating that green features can be a successful strategy for Nigerian universities to combat climate change and create sustainable campuses. Thus, recommending integration of green features into institutional policies, increased awareness campaigns within the educational sector, encouraging renewable energy adoption, implementing comprehensive waste management strategies, and further research on optimizing green features for the Nigerian context. By embracing these recommendations, Nigerian universities can serve as models for climate change mitigation and sustainable development, contributing to the country's efforts to achieve SDGs Goals 13.

Assessing organizational cohesion by the maximum caliber method

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore the conditions under which organizational networks achieve high levels of cohesion. It focuses on understanding the roles of interaction cycles, feedback loops and asymmetries in fostering cohesive networks. The study examines how the application of line integrals in closed paths can reveal insights into the cycles and feedback mechanisms influencing cohesion within these networks.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the maximum caliber method to quantify organizational cohesion through the analysis of interactivity matrices. This approach integrates temporal dynamics and accounts for the complex interdependencies among actors within the network. The study is supported by a case study analysis, which demonstrates the practical application of these theoretical concepts in a real-world organizational context.FindingsThe application of the maximum caliber method offers a comprehensive understanding of organizational cohesion by effectively capturing the dynamic interactions within the network. The study reveals that cycles and feedback mechanisms within the network significantly affect cohesion, with interaction asymmetries playing a crucial role. The method also enables the identification of actors who contribute positively or negatively to cohesion, providing actionable insights for improving organizational performance.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel methodological approach to analyzing organizational cohesion, enhancing both the theoretical and practical understanding of network dynamics. The findings provide valuable insights for organizational leaders and researchers, emphasizing the importance of managing interaction patterns to strengthen overall network cohesion and effectiveness. This approach offers a new perspective on measuring and influencing organizational cohesion, with significant implications for strategic management and organizational development.

A Study of the Complexity of Markets and the Diversity of Economic Embodiments

This research investigates the social context of the variety of economic systems and the intricacy of markets. It looks at how markets and economic systems have developed and operated globally, taking into account historical, cultural, and social influences. The analysis and comprehension of the diversity of economic systems and the intricacy of markets are the main goals of this thesis. It investigates the functioning and interactions of various economic systems, including capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies, in various social contexts. The intricacies of markets and their influences on inequality, economic growth, and general social welfare are examined. The goal of this research is to offer a grasp of the composition and dynamics of economic systems and marketplaces. It outlines the main forces at work in them, such as supply and demand, market forces, and governmental involvement. This paper also studies how various economic systems affect social mobility, income distribution, and economic stability. This paper uses analytical data, analysis of literature, case studies and comparative analysis to analyze the various economic systems and their results. This paper finds that economic policies must be tailored to the specific needs of diverse and dynamic markets in order to support inclusive and sustainable growth.

A Comparative Study on the Destinations of Graduates from Sino-Foreign Cooperation in Running Schools

China-foreign cooperation in higher education is becoming more popular due to the rapid development of globalization and information technology in China. It is now a significant method of cultivating talents with an international perspective and the ability to communicate across cultures. The question of the destinations of graduates of Sino-Foreign co-operative education programs has also become a growing concern. This paper investigates the fundamental causes by comparing and analyzing the foreign study rate, the domestic advancement rate, and the direct employment rate of the graduates of Chinese-foreign cooperative education institutions and Chinese-foreign cooperative education projects. This study adopts a blend of quantitative and qualitative approaches of case study and data analysis, collects and collates relevant data on the destinations of graduates of Chinese-foreign cooperative universities over the past few years, quantitatively analyses the data, and finally analyses in-depth the specific phenomena in conjunction with cases. This trend reflects the advantages of Sino-Foreign cooperation in providing international education resources and facilitating further studies. The Sino-Foreign co-operation mode provides students with a broader international perspective and channels for further studies, but problems such as uneven teaching quality and insufficient competitiveness in the job market still require attention.

Legitimación de la protesta en Chile y Colombia: entre la represión política y la validez de la movilización

The mobilization in Latin America during the last five years has created a new scenario in the region, regarding the lack of recognition of governments such as Chile, and Colombia, in terms of human rights and political participation. The significant social and political actors of mobilizations have been social movements, rural workers, the indigenous population, and civil society, rejecting the political decisions of leaders, resulting in the stigmatization of the protest and the systematic violation of human rights. This analytical paper addresses how institutional repression (with the permission of the media) distorts the social movement´s agenda into a violent repertoire, without considering the context. The critical analysis of case studies will have into account a qualitative analysis of variables repression - mobilization, a theoretical approach of social movements, protest studies, legislation on protest in case studies, Transnational dissemination of protest, and transnational networks, during the 2015-2021 period.

Job Demand, Control, and Social Support to Pilots: Basis of Mental Health Recommendations

This study investigates the relationship between job demand, control, and social support on the mental health of pilots. Given the documented prevalence of mental health challenges among pilots, including stress, suicidal thoughts, and anxiety, this research aims to identify key factors influencing their well-being and develop tailored recommendations. Employing a qualitative research design with case study analysis, this study seeks to understand the levels of job demand, control, and social support experienced by pilots. By exploring these factors and their impact on mental health, the study will generate evidence-based recommendations to promote the psychological well-being of pilots.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SAAS NA NUVEM - IMPACTOS, BENEFÍCIOS E DESAFIOS SEGUNDO A LITERATURA

The development of Software as a Service (SaaS) in the cloud has been established as an essential technological solution for organizations seeking innovation, scalability, and operational efficiency. This study analyzed the main benefits and challenges related to SaaS, including security, performance, and customization issues, as well as future trends such as integration with artificial intelligence, serverless architectures, and edge computing. The objective was to provide a comprehensive view of the topic, highlighting the practical and theoretical impacts of SaaS in the current context. The methodology was based on a qualitative bibliographic review, with a critical analysis of academic works and case studies addressing SaaS development. Selection criteria prioritized recent and relevant sources, ensuring data reliability and up-to-date insights. The results analysis identified the main challenges faced by companies and institutions adopting SaaS, as well as the strategic benefits offered by its implementation. It is concluded that SaaS plays a central role in digital transformation but requires robust strategies to overcome barriers related to security, performance, and infrastructure. The research underscores the importance of further studies to explore emerging technologies and hybrid solutions that enhance SaaS benefits, contributing to its continuous development.

The Role of Critical Thinking in Enhancing Students' Problem-Solving Abilities in Higher Education

Critical thinking plays a crucial role in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities, particularly in higher education, where students are increasingly expected to tackle complex, real-world issues. This paper explores the relationship between critical thinking and problem-solving skills, focusing on various educational strategies that promote the development of critical thinking, such as problem-based learning (PBL), Socratic questioning, and collaborative learning. Through an analysis of case studies, quantitative studies, and qualitative insights, the paper highlights how critical thinking programs improve students' ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems effectively. The findings suggest that fostering critical thinking not only improves academic performance but also equips students with essential skills for professional success. Furthermore, the paper discusses the implications for educators and institutions, offering recommendations for integrating critical thinking into curricula to enhance students' problem-solving abilities.

An Investigative Study on the Development Strategies for Electric Vehicle Enterprises in India

The paper presents an investigative study on the development strategies for electric vehicle enterprises in India. An in-depth literature review examines the academic evidence of wind power and solar technologies with proper arguments and justifications. Several implementation processes of renewable energy as solar and wind power as sustainable energy strategies in India. Wind energy and solar energy-related information have also been presented in this literature review including financial barriers that prevent the implementation of sustainable energy strategy in India. The research adopts a selection of deductive research approaches, exploratory research design, and realism research philosophy to perform desk research. In addition, secondary data collection including a qualitative research strategy is selected in the research for conducting narrative data analysis. The case study analysis included in this research is based on four major states in India for successfully conducting a narrative analysis. Lastly, the findings have been summarized and linked with the objectives to bring about an understanding of the discussion and recommendations for further research and highlight the limitations of the present research.

Optimizing Multi-Echelon Delivery Routes for Perishable Goods with Time Constraints

As the logistics industry modernizes, living standards improve, and consumption patterns shift, the demand for fresh food continues to grow, making cold chain logistics for perishable goods a critical component in ensuring food quality and safety. However, the presence of both soft and hard time windows among demand nodes can complicate the single-network distribution of perishable goods. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an optimization model for multi-distribution center perishable goods delivery, considering both one-echelon and two-echelon network joint distributions. The model aims to minimize total costs, including transportation, fixed, refrigeration, goods damage, and penalty costs, while measuring customer satisfaction by the start time of service at each demand node. A two-stage heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model. In the first stage, an initial solution is constructed using a greedy approach based on the principles of the k-medoids clustering algorithm, which considers both spatial and temporal distances. In the second stage, the initial routing solution is optimized using a linear programming approach from the Ortools solver combined with an Improved Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (IALNS) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is validated through a case study analysis. The results demonstrate that the initial solutions obtained through the k-medoids clustering algorithm based on spatio-temporal distance improved the overall cost optimization by 1.85% and 4.74% compared to the other two algorithms. Among the three two-stage heuristic algorithms, the Ortools-IALNS proposed here showed enhancements in the overall cost optimization over the IALNS, with improvements of 3.24%, 1.12%, and 0.41%, respectively. The two-stage heuristic algorithm designed in this study also converged faster than the other two heuristic algorithms, with overall optimization improvements of 1.55% and 1.28%, further validating the superior performance of the proposed heuristic algorithm.

DEVELOPING A PRACTICE-DRIVEN TAXONOMY OF IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES FOR HIV PREVENTION.

Effective implementation of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions continues to be a challenge in the United States, and the field is increasingly turning to implementation science for solutions. As such, it is critical to expand the current implementation science vocabulary - and its taxonomy of implementation strategies - to increase its relevance and utility for front-line implementers. Community-based health centers providing HIV prevention services in the Southeastern US. We conducted a collective case-study analysis, combining document review and qualitative interviews with program directors, clinicians, and other providers (N = 30) at five sites. We employed an inductive and iterative analytic approach to specify and categorize strategies, and then conducted in-depth cross-case analysis to derive a practice-driven taxonomy of HIV prevention implementation strategies. From an initial matrix of 264 activities, we identified 50 strategies common across sites. In contrast to existing implementation science frameworks, the majority (68%, n = 34) of strategies were designed to impact implementation outcomes (e.g., acceptability, adoption, feasibility) for patients. We present a practice-driven taxonomy of these strategies, operationalized according to implementation science literature, but with terminology that more directly relates to implementers. Findings demonstrate the feasibility and utility of this method for developing a practice-driven implementation science vocabulary for HIV prevention. Our evidence-based taxonomy provides a framework for implementers seeking data about the universe of strategies they might consider for their own programs, and increases researchers' ability to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of implementation strategies being enacted in practice settings.

The Swinging Pendulum of the Game Nations Play in International Relations: A Duplicity Diplomacy

Purpose: This paper endeavours to critically interrogate the concept of "duplicity diplomacy," positing it as an essential framework for understanding the oscillating strategies employed by states amidst the complexities of contemporary international relations. The aim is to unveil the inherent contradictions and strategic necessities that underlie this phenomenon, particularly in the context of an increasingly multipolar global landscape. Materials and Methods: The research employs a qualitative methodology that integrates a multi-faceted analysis of empirical case studies involving significant geopolitical players. This approach encompasses semi-structured interviews with seasoned diplomats to capture experiential insights, a comprehensive content analysis of diplomatic communications to identify patterns and nuances in language and intent, as well as systematic reviews of contemporaneous media portrayals to contextualize public perceptions. By triangulating these methods, the study aims to enrich the understanding of duplicity in statecraft. Findings: The findings indicate that duplicity diplomacy transcends a mere catalogue of deceit, emerging as a strategic necessity reflective of the intricate complexities and contradictions that characterize our current multipolar world. Empirical illustrations reveal how states frequently oscillate between cooperative rhetoric and competitive actions, engaging in ostensible displays of loyalty while simultaneously pursuing self-interested goals through subterfuge. Notably, instances of strategic alliances undermined by covert operations serve to illustrate the double-edged nature of duplicity, where short-term gains often precipitate long-term repercussions that undermine international trust and stability. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The analysis raises substantial questions regarding the ethical frameworks governing diplomatic practice in the context of growing global interdependence. It posits that as the stakes of international interactions escalate, the propensity for duplicity in state behaviour is likely to intensify, necessitating a critical re-evaluation of both scholarly and practical approaches to diplomacy. This discourse invites policymakers and scholars alike to consider how established norms around transparency and accountability can be reconciled with the inherent contradictions of statecraft.

Rethinking Blockchain Technologies for the Maritime Industry: An Overview of the Current Landscape

This survey aims to provide an up-to-date and succinct yet informative overview of the blockchain technologies for the maritime industry. We synthesize the recent advancements in blockchain development and its adoption across maritime sectors, highlighting the key blockchain use cases, including promoting maritime sustainability and optimizing maritime supply chain management through improved traceability, advancing smart shipping with automated processes and fostering collaboration among stakeholders by enhancing transparency. Through an analysis of current implementations, pilot projects, and case studies, we especially focus on identifying the challenges and barriers, reasoning on the status quo, and the opportunities and future perspectives for blockchain in maritime.

What is “good” co-production in the context of planetary health research, and how is it enabled?

Involvement of non-academic stakeholders in research is essential when seeking to address global challenges, yet there is considerable uncertainty on how to do this well given the complexity. This paper aims to define more clearly what ‘good’ co-production looks like in the context of urban-planetary health research and how to operationalise it in research design, drawing on existing literature alongside case study experience from operationalising a major research programme. The first sections of the paper set out the rationale, and analyses key issues identified relating to co-production. The case study analysis is based on six headline themes: clarity of mission, language, societal impact, complexity, new approaches and limitations. Eight principles are presented alongside associated questions for research teams. Logic model development and co-production activities are plotted along the ten-year research trajectory, which reveals five key decision points and potential opportunities for optimising mission-oriented co-production in research design.

An IGDT-WDRCC based optimal bidding strategy of VPP aggregators in new energy market considering multiple uncertainties

This study addresses the volatility and uncertainty challenges in managing renewable energy within electricity markets, particularly focusing on the role of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators. Recognizing the risks these uncertainties pose to the revenue and stability of power systems, the paper presents a novel information gap decision theory (IGDT)-Wasserstein metric based distributionally robust chance constraint (WDRCC) approach to devise an optimal bidding strategy for VPP operators. It involves a data-driven distributionally robust optimization framework, leveraging the worst-case scenario from the distributed resource uncertainties, guided by an ambiguity set rooted in the Wasserstein metric. Furthermore, the distributionally robust chance constraint modeling is introduced ensuring that uncertainty constraints of distributed resources meet a predefined risk level. Although this method shows promising out-of-sample performance, it relies on forecasted energy prices, a notable limitation given the price volatility and information inadequacy in the newly-opened market. To address this, the risk-averse bidding strategy, grounded in IGDT, is proposed simulataneously to safeguard the operator’s expected returns against price uncertainties, implementing an advanced piecewise linear approximation technique, ”nf4l,” for linearizing the bi-linear term from IGDT. The effectiveness of this approach is empirically validated through a comprehensive case study and sensitivity analysis.