Case Of Urolithiasis Research Articles

Urolitíase em cão da raça Pug

The objective of this paper was to present a case of urolithiasis in a two-year old Pug weighing ten kilos, with a history of food allergy/atopic dermatitis. Upon physical examination, the animal presented mild abdominal pain upon palpation. The tutor indicated emesis 2 days ago. Upon ultrasound examination, it was possible to identify the presence of a 2.2 cm urolith in the bladder, in addition to cystitis in the urinary tract. The animal underwent surgical treatment, with cystotomy being the most suitable for this type of case. From the case report, it was found that racial or even familial predisposition was the main cause of urolith formation. In addition, the chances of urolithiasis occurring are greater in small breed dogs.

A Case Study on Ayurvedic management of Mutrashmari (Urolithiasis)

Background: Mutrashmari is disease classified as Asthamahagada which means "difficult to cure." It is Kapha Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi. Due to resemblance in clinical manifestations, Mutrashmari is compared to urolithiasis. Urolithiasis, a pathological condition of the urinary system where aggregation of urinary crystalloids takes place anywhere in the urinary tract, i.e., from the kidney to urinary bladder showing male predominance (Male: female = 3:1) and currently becoming a medico‑surgical and economical challenge for entire health‑care systems. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Viddhakarma and Shamana Chikitsa in Mutrashmari (Urolithiasis). Materials and Methods: It is a single case study. A 52 years old male patient who was clinically diagnosed case of Urolithiasis before 3 years visited to OPD with complaints of Vrikka Parshava Shoola (Pain in bilateral kidney and b/l flanks region) which was radiating from loin to groin region in late night usually, Mutrakriccha (difficulty in maturation) and Mutradaha (Burning micturition) from last 2 months. The patient was treated with total 4 sittings of Viddhakarma were given at the lateral border of the thumb of the bilateral legs on same day of every week along with Shamana Chikitsa. Results: The patient was showed highly significant results before and after the completion of treatment. All sign and symptoms of patient resolved and there was no trace of calculi in the both kidneys, according to the USG report after 1 month. Conclusion: Highly significant relief in symptoms was seen in patient after 1 month of Ayurvedic treatment.

Urolithiasis pada Kucing Snow di K and P Clinic Surabaya

Urolithiasis is a disorder in the form of crystals or stones in the urinary tract such as the urinary bladder that occurs in both male and female animals. The condition of the formation of calculi due to supersaturation in urine consisting of one or several types of minerals. A case of urolithiasis in a Persian cat named Snow, female, 40 months old, 3.76 Kg, solid white hair color, came to the K and P Clinic and a physical examination was performed by palpation of the bladder which was filled with urine but not distended. Complete blood count (CBC) examination using blood samples showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, and thrombocytosis. The results of blood chemistry tests using blood serum samples showed hypoglycemic conditions and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values. Calcium phosphate crystals are found on microscopic examination of the urine. Urinalysis test showed abnormal values ​​for ascorbic acid, microalbumin, protein, calcium, leukocytes, creatinine, blood, and protein to creatinine ratio. The formation of calculi looks like a hyperechoic mass and the presence of an acoustic shadow can be seen on ultrasonography (USG) examination of the urinary bladder. The handler given is cystotomy surgery.
 Keywords: Urolithiasis, calcium phosphate, ultrasound.

Urolithiasis in a Pug dog: Case report

The objective of this study was to present a case of urolithiasis in a nine-year and eleven-month-old Pug, weighing nine kilos, with a history of urolithiasis. Upon physical examination, the animal presented apathy and abdominal pain on palpation. Upon ultrasound examination, it was not possible to identify the presence of uroliths in the urinary tract. The animal underwent surgical treatment, with cystotomy being the most suitable for this type of case. A cystotomy is an incision in the urinary bladder to remove uroliths, which can be made up of various minerals and of varying sizes. In the postoperative period, a diet change was indicated to reduce the chances of recurrences, since an inadequate diet is one of the factors for the formation of uroliths when there is certain predisposition.

A case of urolithiasis treated with homoeopathic medicine: An evidence based case report

Many patients are reluctant to undergo surgery and opt for an alternative system of medicine unless there is an urgent. Various literature shows an effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine in expulsion of mild to moderate sized of renal stones. Here is an example of a case which proves the usefulness of homoeopathic medicine in the treatment of urolithiasis.

The Cystostomy Operation with A New Catheter for Cats: A Case Report

The findings contained in this paper were reached through studying a case of a urinary tract obstruction. These results were used for the evaluation of an innovative veterinary catheter for cystostomy that we have developed for cats. The study was carried out at the research facility in the Department of Surgery, obstetrics and pathology of small animals in Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N.E. Bauman. The subject was a one-year-old male cat suffering from a urinary obstruction. The important symptoms were the lack of urination and hematuria. Diagnosis of the disease was made based on anamnesis and clinical examinations. As complementary tests, ultrasonography besides urine and blood analyses were also done. The confirmed case of obstructive urolithiasis was managed by surgery. The animal was observed over 14 days after the operation. The interpretation of the data resulting from the analysis and the follow-up of the animal's general condition revealed interesting results concerning the absence of postoperative complications and the effectiveness of the new catheter.

Reconstructive plastic surgery on the urinary tract of a kidney transplant

We present a clinical case of urolithiasis. A patient diagnosed with stage 5 chronic kidney disease due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease after bilateral nephrectomy underwent kidney transplantation with ureteral graft stenting. Two months after the operation, a stone was found in the upper third of the ureteral graft, complicated by necrosis in this area. Reconstructive plastic surgery on the ureter of the transplanted kidney with removal of the ureteral stone achieved the desired clinical effect.

A case of urolithiasis impacted at vesico ureteric junction successfully treated with individualised homoeopathy

Urolithiasis refers to stones originating anywhere in the urinary system. Renal stones are of different types, the most common being the calcium oxalate stones. Various dietary, non-dietary, and urinary risk factors contribute to their formation. Non-contrast computed tomography is the preferred investigation for identification. This is a case report of 6 mm Renal calculi impacted at vesicoureteric junction causing hydroureteronephrosis. The patient had renal stone for six years and had undergone conventional treatment, but the response was unsatisfactory. After repertorisation, Homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium was prescribed in 200c potency and repeated at regular intervals. The impacted 6mm renal calculi and Hydroureteronephrosis resolved within 48 days of treatment. The Urolithiasis symptom Score improved from 9 to 1 during treatment, and the MONARCH score of +9/11 shows a positive causal relationship between Lycopodium and the treatment outcome. The case report indicates the effectiveness of individualized Homoeopathic medicine in the management of impacted Urolithiasis.

Obstructive Urolithiasis in Horse

Background: Obstructive urinary tract disease in horses is a rare and low prevalence pathology in the species, but potentially severe. It is an emergency condition that presents variable clinical signs and depends on the anatomical location of the obstruction. The bladder calculus are the most common followed by the urethra and less commonly seen are the kidney or ureteral. The main crystalloid component of uroliths in horses is calcium carbonate. The higher prevalence of urolithiasis in male horses is justified by some anatomical differences between genders. The urethra of males is narrower and longer than that of females. The tissue injury is the most important factor for the development of uroliths in horses. Desquamation of epithelial cells, presence of leukocyte and necrotic cell debris are relevant contributors to crystal growth. Urinary stasis favors nucleation by increasing the chance of contact between crystalloid material and urinary epithelium. Once crystal growth has begun, the urine alkalinity of the equines favors the crystallization and further deposition of other components, especially calcium carbonate. Typical clinical signs of urolithiasis include tenesmus, dysuria, strangury and polaquiuria. Hematuria is often present, mainly observed after exercise and at the end of urination. In addition signs of colic are quite frequent in the acute bladder and urethral urolithiasis due to bladder distension. Upper urinary tract surgery may be technically challenging due to limited structural exposure, especially in adult horses The prognosis for horses with urolithiasis depends on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal injury that occurred.Case: This report aims to describe a rare case of obstructive urolithiasis in a 8-year-old castrated male horse with 24 h evolution. The horse was expressing signs of abdominal pain and during the transretal examination through palpation, it was possible to notice great distension and turgidity of the bladder, in addition to a high pain sensitivity to the palpation of the kidneys. Was perform urethral catheterization, but it was unproductive. The diagnosis was made through perineal ultrasonography and treated surgically by perineal urethrotomy. The animal presented an excellent evolution after being discharged after 10 days of hospitalization and did not present any complication or recurrence of the disease after one year of the procedure.Discussion: Urolithiasis in horses has a prognosis dependent on the location of the urolith and the degree of renal damage. Cases of obstructive urolithiasis in horses are rare and require prompt and appropriate intervention. Therefore, a rapid and accurate diagnosis is directly related to the success of the treatment. In the present case, the animal had characteristic clinical signs of an acute abdomen. Transrectal palpation, for evaluation of the intestinal portions, was important to diagnose an excessively distended urinary vesicle with no intestinal changes. Transcutaneous ultrasonography of the perineum allowed visualization of the calculus, and then a case of perineal urolithiasis was diagnosed. The choice for perineal urethrotomy was performed because of the ease of palpation of the calculus through the skin below the anus and because it is a non-invasive technique. The urethra was sutured to guide the cicatricial process and the urethral catheter was maintained, reducing the risks of occlusion of the urethral lumen.

Use of catheter dual J in ureteral complications by calculations

Urolithiasis is a condition of the urinary tract caused by the presence of uroliths in any segment of the urinary tract resulting from the interaction of several predisposing factors triggered by the precipitation of metabolites in the urine. The provision of urethral stents is most frequently performed for the treatment of urethral obstruction, and the most frequent form is the retrouretropic catheter. The present study aimed to describe a case of recurrent urolithiasis in a Bichon Frisé 9 - year - old female with a history of weight, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and recurrent urinary infections with bladder and renal uroliths. At the end of the treatment the absence of these was verified by means of ultrasonographic examination and thus, this case shows the efficacy and importance of the use of the same in complications by calculations.

Litiasis renal y vesical en un canino: descripción imagenológica

Se reporta un caso de urolitiasis en un canino macho Yorkshire de seis años que ingresa a la Clínica Veterinaria de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista con historia de orina con sangre, dificultad para orinar y, a veces, pequeñas cantidades de orina. Se realizaron exámenes complementarios como radiografía simple y contrastada, ecografía abdominal, citoquímico de orina, urocultivo y hemograma con química sanguínea. Los métodos diagnósticos más sensibles fueron la radiografía simple y con medio de contraste que mostraron cuatro estructuras radiopacas en la vejiga urinaria, y la ecografía abdominal donde se pudo observar las paredes vesicales engrosadas y estructuras hiperecoicas de bordes homogéneos compatibles con urolitos. Se realizó la cistotomía para la remoción de los urolitos.

Лапароскопическая пиелолитотомия в тазово – дистопированной почки

Aim: Describe a clinical case and compare the difference in treatment methods at pelvic-dystopic kidney. The article describes the clinical case of urolithiasis, in the pelvic - dystopic kidney. The stages of diagnosis and treatment reflected in the article testify to the present possibilities of modern medicine. Recovering the patient is the result of timely, skillfully chosen conservative and operational techniques.

Лапароскопическая пиелолитотомия в тазово – дистопированной почки

Aim: Describe a clinical case and compare the difference in treatment methods at pelvic-dystopic kidney. The article describes the clinical case of urolithiasis, in the pelvic - dystopic kidney. The stages of diagnosis and treatment reflected in the article testify to the present possibilities of modern medicine. Recovering the patient is the result of timely, skillfully chosen conservative and operational techniques.

A less-usual case of canine urolithiasis

A 6-year-old male entire Irish Terrier presented following 24 hours of stranguria, pollakiuria, haematuria and dysuria. Investigations performed to determine the underlying cause of the lower urinary tract signs included urinalysis, abdominal radiography and ultrasonography. Cystine crystals were identified on urine microscopy. Uroliths were identified on abdominal imaging and were considered to be the cause of the urethral obstruction and resultant dysuria. Analysis of retrieved stones confirmed the uroliths to be composed entirely of cystine. This article uses a case example to discuss cystinuria in the dog and briefly review the approach to diagnosis, treatment and management of dogs presenting with lower urinary tract signs.

DEATH OF NON-DESCRIPTIVE MALE CALF DUE TO UROLITHIASIS FOLLOWED BY RUPTURE OF URINARY BLADDER

The objective of the present study was to report a typical case of obstructive urolithiasis and subsequent rupture of the urinary bladder, causing the death of a non-descriptive male calf. The calves were brought to a teaching veterinary hospital with the symptoms of abdominal pain, the absence of urination manifested by discomfort, straining, kicking at the belly, twisting of the penis and frequent but unsuccessful urination. The clinical examination revealed that the calves were dull, depressed and distension of the abdomen. Post scrotal urethrotomy was performed aseptically and a large calculus was removed from the position of sigmoid flexure of the penis. Another two calves were not subjected to surgery due to their ill health and all were died after 2-3 days. A postmortem examination revealed that the urinary bladder was ruptured and subsequently urine was mixed with peritoneal fluid. A haemorrhagic condition was present at the point of rupture and peritoneum and bladder was adhesion at the point of rupture.

Urine concentrations of xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid inUKCavalier King Charles spaniels

Xanthine urolithiasis and asymptomatic xanthinuria have been diagnosed in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs suggesting that primary xanthinuria may be a breed-related disorder, although its prevalence remains unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that asymptomatic xanthinuria is common in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs. Free catch urine samples were collected from 35 client-owned Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs and from 24 dogs of other breeds. The purine metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The urine ratios of xanthine/creatinine and hypoxanthine/creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups of dogs. The urine concentrations of purine metabolites were not significantly different between the two groups and were very low in both. The urine concentrations of xanthine in all 35 Cavalier King Charles spaniel were markedly lower than in the previously reported case of xanthine urolithiasis in a UK Cavalier King Charles spaniel dog. Asymptomatic xanthinuria was not detected in this UK Cavalier King Charles spaniel population. This data may be used as a reference for urinary purine metabolite concentrations in the dog.

Silicate Urolithiasis during Long-Term Treatment with Zonisamide

Silicate urinary calculi are rare in humans, with an incidence of 0.2% of all urinary calculi. Most cases were related to excess ingestion of silicate, typically by taking magnesium trisilicate as an antacid for peptic ulcers over a long period of time; however, there also existed unrelated cases, whose mechanism of development remains unclear. On the other hand, zonisamide, a newer antiepileptic drug, is one of the important causing agents of iatrogenic urinary stones in patients with epilepsy. The supposed mechanism is that zonisamide induces urine alkalinization and then promotes crystallization of urine components such as calcium phosphate by inhibition of carbonate dehydratase in renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, we report a case of silicate urolithiasis during long-term treatment with zonisamide without magnesium trisilicate intake and discuss the etiology of the disease by examining the silicate concentration in his urine.

CYSTINE UROLITHIASIS IN A CARACAL (CARACAL CARACAL)

In July 2009, a 14-yr-old male caracal (Caracal caracal) at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa was found, on abdominal ultrasound, to have a single large cystolith. The cystolith was removed, and the composition was determined to be 100% cystine. Blood and urine samples were also collected from three other apparently healthy caracals at the zoo and were submitted, together with the samples from the affected animal, for analysis using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry for cystine, lysine, alanine, and ornithine levels. The cystine levels in the urine, the fractional excretion of cystine, and the normalized excretion of cystine (micromol/g of creatinine) were all higher in the affected caracal than in the healthy animals. Only a single other case of cystine urolithiasis has been previously reported in any wild felid in the literature.

POST-MORTEM LESIONS OF UROLITHIASIS IN A LESSER SEED FINCH (Sporophila angolensis)

Urolithiasis is a disease that despite being a commonly observed problem in veterinary practice is uncommon in birds. Such disease was not reported in passeriforms to date. Accordingly, the aim of the present article is to describe a case of urolithiasis in an adult female lesser seed finch (Sporophila angolensis) pet bird which presented abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and apathy prior to death. The bird had history of being fed with a diet rich in protein. After the bird death, a necropsy was conducted in order to determine the cause of death. At necropsy, accentuated ascites, hydropericardium, and ureteral stones in the left ureter could be grossly observed. Additional tests related with viral and bacterial microbiological testing and with the determination of calculi composition could not be performed since the owner did not consent with the procedures because of the cost. Since the bird was fed on a high protein diet, a relationship between the ureteroliths and dietary imbalance was suggested with participation of protein in calculi development by providing the organic nuclei. Additionally, we conclude that the presence of calculi in the ureter resulted in urinary flow blockage, ascites, and consequent acute respiratory failure due to filling of air sacs with liquid.

A case of cephalothin-associated urolithiasis

We present a case of osteomyelitis requiring prolonged intravenous cephalothin complicated by symptomatic calcium oxalate urocalculi formation. Patients on long-term β-lactam antibiotics with lower urinary tract symptoms may have urolithiasis rather than a urinary tract infection.