Cases Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

A Case of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Cemiplimab

We present a case describing the successful treatment of a 68-year-old male with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) using neoadjuvant cemiplimab. The patient presented with a rapidly growing papule on the left hand, which was initially treated with wide local excision and subsequently developed axillary lymphadenopathy. After radiation therapy led to complications, the patient received four cycles of cemiplimab, resulting in significant tumor necrosis and minimal residual disease. This case underscores the potential of cemiplimab as a neoadjuvant therapy for cSCC, offering an effective treatment with fewer adverse effects compared to traditional therapies. The report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing outcomes for patients with advanced cSCC.

Understanding oral malignancies: 2 case reports

The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of several squamous cell carcinoma cases are covered thoroughly. Roughly 94% of all mouth malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas. Race, gender, and age group differences exist in annual incidence and mortality rates. This percentage is 7.7 per 100,000 in the US. Like other carcinomas, intraoral carcinoma is more common in older adults, especially in men. Individuals with oral SCC have often known about an abnormality in that area for four to eight months prior to seeking professional medical attention. Early growth is characterized by little discomfort, which may account for the delay in seeking professional assistance. The clinical manifestations of oral SCC include exophytic, endophytic, leukoplakic, and erythroplakic, all of which exhibit apparent surface alterations.Tobacco usage, excessive alcohol consumption, HPV infection, eating little fruits and vegetables, prolonged sun exposure, and having a compromised immune system are risk factors. Improving outcomes requires early discovery and treatment, which may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these. In order to improve the prognosis for oral cancer, early identification and intervention are crucial. Survival risk from squamous cell carcinoma is often low. This article emphasis on the clinical presentation of oral malignancies.

Pathological Examination in Pilonidal Sinus Surgery: Evaluating Necessity and Cost-Effectiveness: A 10-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Malignancy in pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is rare, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common type. This study aims to assess the incidence of malignancy in PSD and identify risk factors to guide more targeted pathological examination strategies. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1505 patients who underwent surgical excision of PSD between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. Patients with incomplete or missing histopathological data were excluded, and no imputation methods were used for missing data. All specimens underwent histopathological examination to detect malignancies. Two cases (0.13%) of SCC were identified, both in males aged 50 and 58 years without a history of Crohn's disease, HIV, prior radiation, or other cancers. Significant risk factors for malignancy included age over 40 years (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-9.5) and disease duration over 3 years (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-7.6). Both cases were treated surgically and received adjuvant radiotherapy, with both patients being disease-free at the 2-year follow-up. While malignancy in PSD is rare (0.13%), older age and prolonged disease duration are associated with increased risk. Selective pathological examination based on these risk factors could enhance cost-effectiveness by reducing unnecessary routine examinations.

Gene Expression Profiling of the Peritumoral Immune Cell Infiltrate of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Penile carcinomas are rare tumors in Europe and need further investigations due to their inferior prognosis in late tumor stages. The presence of disparate immune cell infiltrates was observed in these tumors, which were subsequently demonstrated to give rise to divergent tumor prognoses. The objective was to further characterize this immune cell infiltrate with the use of immunohistochemistry and RNA expression. A total of twelve well-characterized cases of penile squamous cell carcinomas with known infection status by human papillomavirus (HPV) and p16 status were assessed. The cases were classified according to their morphological characteristics, including those exhibiting a pronounced peritumoral immune cell infiltrate and those with less peritumoral immune cell infiltration. The generation of RNA expression data was conducted using the nCounter® PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel. Computational models were employed to calculate the proportions of immune cells. To corroborate the findings, an immunohistochemical analysis was conducted using antibodies against CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8, MUM1, CD68, and CD117. Our cases were clustered according to the immune cell infiltrate detected via histology in a group with less immune cell infiltrate density and in a group with increased immune cell infiltrate density. Generally, all immune cells showed an increased amount in the group with pronounced immune cell infiltrate density. The clusters were found to relate to cell functions, the complement system, cytotoxicity, pathogen defense, regulation, and T-cell functions. In cases exhibiting a pronounced immune cell infiltrate, the top three genes that exhibited the greatest upregulation were GZMA, MICB, and GNLY. No relationship to HPV infection status was demonstrated. Immunohistochemistry validated the data gained via RNA expression and showed a correlation with EPIC and Cibersort. The clustering of cases based on immune cell infiltrate density revealed significant distinctions between groups with lower and higher immune cell infiltrate density. The group with increased immune cel infiltrate density showed a greater abundance of immune cells, aligning with key functions like cytotoxicity, pathogen defense, and T-cell regulation. Among these cases, the genes GZMA, MICB, and GNLY were significantly upregulated, suggesting their involvement in an increased immune response. The role of HPV infection status in our cases with regard to the peritumoral immune cell infiltrate remains inconclusive.

Prevalence of human papilloma virus in head and neck mucous squamous cell carcinoma and genotypes by location: an observational study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a factor in oropharyngeal cancer, but data regarding other head and neck locations are scarce in France. The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers at all locations. As a secondary objective, we aimed to investigate the HPV genotypes. We retrospectively included in a tertiary center between 2014 and 2020 mucosal squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck in adult. First outcome was the prevalence of HPV cancer. Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) at 2 and 5 years and disease-free survival (DFS). A total of 508 patients were enrolled, resulting in 537 cases of mucous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (n = 29 synchronous carcinomas). Clinical, pathological, and survival data were collected, and a double PCR for HPV with genotyping was performed on most of the samples. The HPV prevalence in the cohort was 28.2%, with HPV 16 being the predominant genotype (87%). However, HPV-positive status did not significantly improve OS at 2 and 5 years or DFS (P = 0.1, P = 0.64, and P = 0.07, respectively). It was also observed that HPV-positive patients had significantly fewer second tumor localizations (P < 0.01). The prevalence of HPV continues to rise, and the complexities surrounding HPV status and its association with clinical outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma highlight the impact of vaccination.

Vulvar lichen sclerosus in girls and adult females: A single-center retrospective study of 744 patients in China.

Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease which is accompanied by itching and pain, affecting the patient's daily life and sexual activity. However, the disease characteristics of children and adults are not completely the same. Currently, there are few studies in China that compare the characteristics of VLS between girls and adult female patients. The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiology, clinical features, and combined autoimmune diseases of VLS patients between girls and adult females, and to help clinicians better understand VLS in different age groups. We enrolled 744 female patients for analysis, divided by age into a child group (<18 years) and an adult group (≥18 years). Among girl patients, 94.6% had preadolescent onset, while among adult female patients, only 4.6% had preadolescent onset, which was a statistically significant difference. The highest percentage of adult female patients had onset during their child-bearing period (75.4%), while 20% had postmenopausal onset, with a significant difference when the three onset states were compared. White patches were equally common in both girl and adult female patients' external genital area, while mossy lesions and labia minora atrophy were more common in adult female patients. Involvement of the clitoris, labia minora, and vaginal opening area were more common in adult patients. The perianal area was more commonly involved in girl patients. We found eight cases (1.2%) of secondary squamous cell carcinoma in adult female patients. We also found that 13 patients had concurrent lichen sclerosus lesions on the vulva and extragenital region, including two girls and 11 adult females. Extragenital lichen sclerosus (EGLS) occurred mostly in the torso. Clinicians should be aware of these differences so that early diagnosis and treatment of the disease can be achieved, to avoid irreversible anatomical alterations and the risk of cancer.

EXPRESSION OF p16 AND Ki-67 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Introduction:Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomais a major health challenge with high recurrence and poor prognosis.Asper Globocan 2022, lip and oral cancer ranked 16th in terms of incidence with 389,485(2%)newcases. p16 helps identify HPV infection and induces apoptosis, while Ki-67, a key cell cycle regulator, is crucial for assessing cell proliferation, tumor development and prognosis. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p16 and Ki-67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters. Material and Methods: This descriptive analysis was conducted at Muzaffarnagar Medical College &amp; Hospital, involving 50 histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. The study involved p16 and Ki-67 expression through immunohistochemistry on histologically diagnosed OSCC cases and scoring was done. Results: The study found that most OSCC patients belong to fifth and sixth decades of life, with buccal mucosa being the most affected site. Tobacco use was prevalent among the patients. Most cases were moderately differentiated. p16 and Ki-67 expression werehigher in poorly differentiated cases. Positive p16 expression was observed in 38% of the cases but showed no significant correlation with age, gender, or histological grade. However, significant associations were found between age, histological grade, and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: This study concluded that p16 expression was positive in 38% of OSCC cases, with higher rates in poorly differentiated tumors, but no significant links to age, gender, or histological grade. Ki-67 levels, higher in poorly differentiated cases, were significantly associated with age, indicating more aggressive disease in older ones.

Lymph nodal volume in head and neck malignancy: can adding a third dimension improve the detection of nodal metastasis?

BackgroundTo compare the diagnostic utility of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (USG) for preoperative determination of metastatic lymph nodes.MethodsHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases planned for neck dissection were included. All underwent preoperative neck USG and CT followed by histopathological evaluation after surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value along with accuracy was calculated for each outcome variable. Efficacy was calculated by comparing these to postoperative histopathology. Both imaging modalities were compared with lymph nodal volume.ResultsEighty-seven lymph nodes were selected from 30 patients. Median volume on CT was 5412.15 mm3 for metastatic and 237.7 mm3 for benign nodes and on ultrasound, 4168.92 mm3 for metastatic and 233.1 mm3 for benign nodes (p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for volume on USG were 81.8%, 98.7%, 96.6%, 90%, and 97.4% and on CT were 81.8%, 100%, 97.7%, 100%, and 97.4% respectively.ConclusionsLymph nodal volume had higher sensitivity and specificity for detection of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy and individually or in combination should be included as one of the criteria in preoperative assessment of HNSCC.

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Is HPV infected by oral sex the causative agent?

BackgroundThe integration of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA into the human genome has been implicated in cervical carcinogenesis and head and neck squamous cell cancer. However, its role in lung squamous cell carcinoma is not well understood. In addition, tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer(LC) share similar clinical symptoms and imaging features, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis.Case PresentationThe patient presented with a 16-month history of hemoptysis, chest pain, and occasional fatigue, without fever, chills, or history of mechanical damage or autoimmune diseases. Examination revealed normal vital signs and laboratory parameters, except for a positive interferon-gamma release assay indicating tuberculosis infection. Bronchoscopic examinations identified congestion and edema of the tracheal wall, along with a tiny lesion in the right wall of the trachea. She had been misdiagnosed with tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was eventually confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. The patient’s macrogenomic second-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the bronchoscopic biopsy specimen was positive for HPV-16.The patient’s sex partner tested positive for HPV-16 in penile scrapings, indicating HPV transmission through oral sex.ConclusionsThis case highlights the potential for HPV infection acquired through oral sex to lead to lung squamous cell carcinoma. It emphasizes the importance of considering HPV-associated malignancies in patients with respiratory symptoms who engage in oral sexual behaviors.

A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of MET Exon 14 Skipping Detected in Needle Washing Fluid in the Lung Cancer Compact Panel

A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of MET Exon 14 Skipping Detected in Needle Washing Fluid in the Lung Cancer Compact Panel

A case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with epidermization showing a unique morphology.

An 80-year-old woman with a history of endoscopic balloon dilation for esophageal stricture caused by accidental ingestion of caustic soda during infancy presented with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 10-cm-long, highly white, elevated lesion with a feathered appearance. This lesion was determined to be the cause of dysphagia and was completely resected via endoscopic submucosal dissection. Histopathological examination revealed a thick keratin layer on the surface of the stratified squamous epithelium, with a prominent granular layer underneath and some areas showing nuclear atypia. The lesion was diagnosed as a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, pT1a-LPM, derived from epidermoid metaplasia. Cancer genome analysis revealed mutations in TP53 as well as amplification of MYC, FGFR1, chromosome 7, and chromosome 20q. This case suggests that epidermoid metaplasia caused by chronic irritation from an esophageal stricture may have been exacerbated by the dilation procedure.

A Case of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detected After Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in a Patient With Achalasia

A Case of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detected After Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in a Patient With Achalasia

A Cross Sectional Study on the Expression of MIB-1 and P16INK4a in Oral Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Oral cancer is one of most prevalent cancer with high morbidity and mortality rate in India. Around 90% are squamous cell carcinomas among the oral cancers. Uncontrolled proliferation of cell is considered to be the key processes of oncogenesis. MIB-1 or Ki67 is expressed in all proliferating cells and used as a tool for estimating the percentage of dividing cells within a tumor. In addition to it, MIB-1 acts as a potentially prognostic marker in oral malignancies. Materials and Methods: Around 100 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were assessed for nuclear atypia, mitotic activity and necrosis. For Ki-67, strong nuclear positivity was seen as favorable. There were three grades: 1 for 10–30%, 2 for 30–50%, and 3 for 50% and above. The number of positive cells and staining intensity for p16 (nuclear or/and cytoplasmic staining) were computed. Results: Ki-67 and p16 expressions were seen in oral squamous cell carcinomas that are well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. Ki-67 expression increased when grades rose from well differentiated to poorly differentiated carcinoma. p16 had a better expression in well differentiated carcinoma compared to poorly differentiated carcinoma. The mean mitotic count, were increased in high grade neoplasms. Conclusions: Therefore, the expression of p16 and Ki-67 in malignant lesions of the oral squamous cell carcinoma can be used in conjunction with the histomorphological attributes to research their capacity for proliferation of oral malignancies.

Role of Imaging and Percutaneous Biopsy in a Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Mid Ureter

Role of Imaging and Percutaneous Biopsy in a Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Mid Ureter

S3026 A Rare and Rapidly Progressing Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum

S3026 A Rare and Rapidly Progressing Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum

An unusual pattern of endometrial involvement: superficial spreading squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of cervical carcinoma. Usually, the cancer metastasizes through lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination. However, it is uncommon for a superficial spreading of cervical cancer to reach the endometrium, fallopian tubes, and the ovaries. In the present study, we report 15 cases of superficial spreading SCC and discuss the possible mechanism involved. We collected 15 samples diagnosed by histopathology after surgery. Immunostaining, which included P16, P63, CD138, CD34, D2-40, and Ki-67, were performed for all samples. All patients were postmenopausal or perimenopausal women. The commonest clinical presentation was vaginal bleeding in 66.67%. All patients were infected with HPV 16. The endometrium was replaced by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), which involved the endometrial gland, even squeezing into the myometrium and forming SCC. Bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries involvement was in 1/15. A total of 10/15 (66.67%) of the women had disease of stage 1B or less. All SCCs were moderately or poorly differentiated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for P63 and P16, with a high Ki-67 labeling index. There was CD138 positive expression in varying degrees, which was strongly and diffusely expressed in 6/15 (40.00%). Superficial spread of cervical cancer towards the endometrium is a rare but cognizable phenomenon, and a guideline for the management of these cases has not been established. Our present findings suggest that multiple factors may interact with each other simultaneously, contributing to this rare disease.

Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate With a Complete Remission to Gemcitabine-Cisplatin: Case Presentation and Literature Review

Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of prostate is a very rare condition and little is known regarding the appropriate managment. Here we reported our patient with pure squamous cell carcinoma of prostate who had complete remission with gemcitabine and cisplatin treatment which last 5 months. Based on his genomic study of prostate cancer, he enrolled to our clinical trial and now receiveing mTOR pathway inhibtor. We also briefly reviewed previous cases of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of prostate and their managment.

Isolation and Identification Of Candida Albicans In Smokers With Epithelial Dysplasia And Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Histopathological Correlation

Background:Greater adaptability of Candida to the host niche makes it the most common opportunistic pathogen. Its role as a commensal or pathogen in development of premalignancies and its progression to malignancies is of considerable debate. Present study was undertaken to determine the role of Candida albicans(CA)in progressionof oral cancer by isolation and identification by mycological methods in smokers without oral lesions and histopathologically diagnosed cases of epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology:The study comprised of 120 cases that included study group of 40 smokers with oral lesions, 40 smokers without oral lesions and 40 non-smokers as control group. Clinical examination was followed by oral rinse sample collection and biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Sedimented oral rinse was inoculated on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA). Isolated Candida colony after identification with Gram stain was subjected to germ tube and chlamydospore formation test for confirmation of CA. The data was statistically analysed using chi square test. Results:Colonisation of CA was 52.5% in the study group and 5% in the control group, was found to be statistically significant (p&lt;0.001).Association of CA in smokers with varying histopathologic grades of oral lesions showed no evidence of a correlation. However, positive correlation was found in OSCC (n=19, 95%) and showed statistical significance (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion:The present study showed an increase in colonization of CA in malignant lesions suggesting that CA in conjunction with tobacco usage may play a role in oral carcinogenesis.

Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma Reveals a Complex Tumor Microenvironment and Identifies New Biomarkers

PurposeOcular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma (OaSC) is an aggressive malignancy that often necessitates orbital exenteration. Its tumor composition and transcriptional profile remain largely unknown, which poses a significant barrier to medical advances. Here, we report the first in-depth transcriptomic analysis of OaSC at the single-cell resolution and discern mechanisms underlying cancer progression for the discovery of potential globe-sparing immunotherapies, targeted therapies, and biomarkers to guide clinical management. DesignLaboratory investigation with a retrospective observational case series. MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing was performed on six patient specimens: three primary tumors, two tumors with pagetoid spread, and a normal tarsus sample. Cellular components were identified via gene signatures. Molecular pathways underlying tumorigenesis and pagetoid spread were discerned via gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes between specimens. CALML5 immunohistochemistry was performed on an archival cohort of OaSC, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases. ResultsAnalysis of 29,219 cells from OaSC specimens revealed tumor, immune, and stromal cells. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells include a diversity of cell types, including exhausted T-cell populations. In primary OaSC tumors, mitotic nuclear division and oxidative phosphorylation pathways are upregulated, while lipid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways are downregulated. Epithelial tissue migration pathways are upregulated in tumor cells undergoing pagetoid spread. scRNA-seq analyses also revealed that CALML5 is upregulated in OaSC tumor cells. Diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic CALML5 staining was present in 28 of 28 (100%) OaSC cases. Diffuse nuclear and membranous CALML5 staining was present in 5 of 25 (20%) SCC and OSSN cases, while diffuse nuclear staining was present in 1 of 12 (8%) BCC cases. ConclusionsThis study reveals a complex OaSC tumor microenvironment and confirms that the CALML5 immunohistochemical stain is a sensitive diagnostic marker.

Use of HSP105 in the Differential Diagnosis of Basaloid Skin Tumors: A Study of 73 Cases.

Basaloid skin tumors include subtypes of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Due to their similarity in pathology and clinical presentation, their diagnosis is not straightforward. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors, which include BCC, basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), metatypical basal cell carcinoma (MBCC), basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), BCC with squamous differentiation as well as conventional SCC. This retrospective study included 17 cases of BCC, 11 cases of BSC, 8 instances of MBCC, 10 cases of BCC with squamous differentiation, 8 cases of BSCC, and 19 cases of SCC. Their clinical characteristics were summarized, and the paraffin blocks of tumor biopsy specimens were collected for HSP105 immunostaining. In contrast to the BCC group, which stained predominantly negative, SCC stained diffusely positive for HSP105. BSCs showed some areas of HSP105 positivity with a transitional expression signature. HSP105 was only weakly positive in a few cases of MBCC. Although BSCC was stained positive for HSP105, the HSCORE was significantly lower than that of the classic SCC. In BCC with squamous differentiation, focal staining for HSP105 was only seen in the area of squamous differentiation. There was a difference in immunohistochemical staining of HSP105 in basaloid skin tumors which helps in differential diagnosis. Differentiation between BCC, SCC, BSCC, MBCC, and BCC with squamous differentiation can be aided by immunohistochemistry using HSP105.