Case Of Indonesia Research Articles

Breast Cancer Prevention Education Through Community Empowerment and TPS (Transactional, Precise, and Skilled) Communication Model in Bontang City

The prevalence of breast cancer in Indonesia is still increasing. Datafrom the Global Cancer Observatory shows that the most common cancer case inIndonesia is breast cancer. Meanwhile, the incidence of breast and cervical cancerin Bontang City reaches 30% of the overall cancer data in Bontang (Akurasi.id,2024). Therefore, there is a need for a health promotion campaign and breast cancerprevention using simple communication methods. This program aimed to provideeducation to health cadres (PKK) in three sub-districts of Bontang, targeting 100participants. Five sub-districts were selected from each of the three sub-districts, withseven participants sampled from 10 sub-districts and six participants sampled fromfive sub-districts. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. The programemployed a participatory research approach based on community empowerment,using the TPS (Transactional, Precise, and Skilled) communication model. The programwas conducted in three stages. In the first stage, theoretical information relatedto breast cancer and its prevention was provided, along with 100 questions andanswers shared online beforehand. The second stage involved practicing breast selfexamination(SADARI). The third stage combined theory and practice, incorporatingeducational strategies through games and evaluations. The program results showedthat 83% of participants agreed that knowledge about breast cancer and its preventionwas necessary. The program successfully improved the knowledge and attitudes ofPKK/health cadres through an interactive, participatory approach. Although therewere barriers related to participant agility, support from trained organizers provedeffective in overcoming them. These findings confirm the importance of healtheducation that emphasizes two-way communication and breast cancer prevention.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Project Implementation in Education Sector: Indonesian Case

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Project Implementation in Education Sector: Indonesian Case

Using Forecasting Methods to Increase the Accuracy of Container Demand Requirement: An Indonesian Case Study

Using Forecasting Methods to Increase the Accuracy of Container Demand Requirement: An Indonesian Case Study

A mixed-method analysis of provider adherence to integrated antenatal care guideline in BEmONC and Non BEmONC primary health center: An Indonesian case.

Provider adherence to the integrated antenatal care (ANC) procedure is an important indicator of high-quality ANC. The procedure is intended to avoid missed opportunities to detect the risk of abnormalities in pregnancy. This study aims to assess the provider's adherence to integrated ANC in Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) and non-BEmONC Primary Health Center (PHC). This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The quantitative phase reviewed 149 medical records of pregnant women in the four PHCs in Semarang from January until February 2020. The findings were used to describe the provider's adherence to the integrated ANC and lead to the contributing factors which should be explored in the qualitative phase. The study involved four in-depth interviews with midwife coordinators in four PHCs. The Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test was employed to analyse the quantitative data, while the thematic analysis was undertaken on the qualitative data. The provider's adherence to the guideline did not differ between BEmONC and non-BEmONC PHC. The general physical examination of the patients (18.81%) and dentist visits (84.6%) were not done in either BEmONC or non-BEmONC PHC. Incomplete laboratory tests were haemoglobin (28.2%) and urine protein (38.9%). The barriers to adherence to the integrated ANC guideline were related to an imbalance of resources, role and responsibility issues among doctors and midwives, and policy issues. This study found low BEmONC nor non-BEmONC PHC adherence to the integrated ANC guideline. A Periodic evaluation of the implementation of integrated ANC to ensure its high-quality implementation in Indonesia is needed.

Partnerships for policy: initiating a Global Burden of Animal Diseases case study in Indonesia.

The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme aims to quantify the economic and broader societal costs of animal disease, providing information to policy-makers and other stakeholders to inform investments in animal health. Within this context, GBADs'Indonesian case study brings together a multidisciplinary and multi-national team to pilot the GBADs methodology in the Asiaâ€"Pacific region. This article describes the process of building a case study and, based on that experience, summarises key learnings to inform the development of future case studies and similar projects. Recommendations focus on the steps required to build successful partnerships to deliver a complex programme of work; the authors highlight the need to consider the local context in aligning project and country priorities, the importance of early engagement with a range of stakeholders, and the need for regular and clear communication within the project team.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of leather-like materials from mycelium: Indonesian case study

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of leather-like materials from mycelium: Indonesian case study

Teaching Religious Moderation to Pre-Service Teachers: An Indonesian Case Study

This case study investigated the enactment of a religious moderation literacy project for pre-service teachers of Islamic education at a university in Indonesia. Ten student teachers who participated voluntarily in an online tutorial session and a field trip program to the village where the community embraced interfaith tolerance were interviewed. They wrote reflective journals and collected photographs after joining the field trip. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that the pre-service teachers improved their awareness of religious tolerance, felt empowered to act as tolerant teachers, and found leadership to be important for leading a peaceful life.

The Influence of Social Media on the Cultural Identity of the Millennial Generation: Indonesian Case Study

The Influence of Social Media on the Cultural Identity of the Millennial Generation: Indonesian Case Study

Analysis of Real Hospital Cost on Ina-Cbgs Rates for Cesarean Section Patients

A caesarean section is an artificial birth that is carried out by making a small incision in the abdominal wall and uterine wall, but the uterus must be intact and the fetus weighs >500 grams. The high cost of a cesarean section has prompted the Indonesian government to launch the National Health Insurance (JKN) program as an implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) which has been regulated regarding to the payment patterns to advanced health facilities by applying Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBG's). This study aims to determine the difference between real hospital cost rates and INA-CBGs rates for payment of claims by JKN participants for caesarean section inpatients at Dr. Soedomo Regional Hospital Trenggalek. The research method is analytical observation with a cross sectional approach which refers to the hospital's perspective by comparing the direct medical costs of BPJS’s (Social Security Agency on Health) participant patients and the INA-CBG's rates. The populations of this study were BPJS recipients of class I, II, III inpatients who received mild category of caesarean section at Dr. Soedomo Regional Hospital Trenggalek in 2020. The sample used in this study was medical record documents that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Purposive sampling method was used. In treatment of I, II, III classes, a significant difference was found between the average total direct medical costs of mild category of caesarean section patients (O-6-10-I) compared to the INA-CBGs rates. The treatment of class I had a difference of IDR 886,582. (p<0.05). The treatment of class II had a difference of IDR 754,881. (p<0.05) and the treatment of Class III, the difference obtained was IDR 1,109,368. (p<0.05).

Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis of Clinicopathological Subgroups in Hepatocellular Carcinomas from Japan and Indonesia

BackgroundStandardized pathological evaluation based on immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis could improve HCC diagnoses worldwide. We evaluated differences in clinicopathological subgroups in HCCs from two academic institutions in Tokyo-Japan, and Jakarta-Indonesia. MethodsClinicopathological parameters and molecular expression patterns were evaluated in 35 HCCs from Indonesia and 41 HCCs from Japan. IHC analysis of biliary/stem-cell (B/S) markers (cytokeratin 19, sal-like protein 4, epithelial cell adhesion molecule) and Wnt/β-catenin (W/B) signaling-related molecules (β-catenin, glutamine synthetase) could determine the IHC-based subgroups. For immunosubtypes categorization, CD3/CD79α double immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate the infiltration of T and B cells. CD34 staining allowed identification of vessels that encapsulated tumor clusters (VETC). ResultsIndonesian HCC patients were mostly <60 years old (66%) with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) background (82%), in contrast to Japanese HCC patients (8% and 19%, respectively, both P<0.001). In comparison with Japanese, Indonesian cases more frequently had >5 cm tumor size (74% vs 23%, P=0.001), poor differentiation (40% vs 24%), portal vein invasion (80% vs 61%), and AFP levels >500 ng/ml (45% vs 13%, P=0.005). No significant differences were found in the proportions of B/S, W/B, and -/- subgroups from both countries. No Immune-high tumors were observed among Indonesian cases, and Immune-low tumors (66%) were more common than in Japanese cases (54%). VETC-positive tumors in Indonesia were significantly more common (29%), and most were in the HBV (90%) and -/- subgroups (90%), whereas Japanese VETC cases (10%, P=0.030) were nonviral (100%) and W/B subgroups (75%). ConclusionIHC-based analysis more precisely reflected the clinicopathological differences of HCCs in Japan and Indonesia. These findings provide new insights into standardization attempts and HCC heterogeneity among countries.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth Implementation: A review of the Indonesian case 2018-2022

From 2018 to 2021, the global landscape was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesia, which faced the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Asia, demonstrated remarkable resilience in maintaining the Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8) trajectory amidst these challenging times. This study aims to scrutinise Indonesia's sustained commitment to sustainable development during the global economic downturn. Using a qualitative methodology and a comprehensive literature review, this study uses the Voluntary National Review (VNR) reports as its primary source. It assesses the achievement of SDG 8 based on the process step indicators established by Allen et al. (2017). Despite experiencing a recession for four consecutive quarters, the study finds that Indonesia has successfully met all the established indicators, although there are challenges and areas that require further attention.

A comparative study of real hospital costs and INA-CBG rates for stroke in Indonesia

Background: The claim payment method in JKN program uses the prospective Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG) method, in which the rate has been determined before health services are provided based on the diagnosis code group. This potentially causes a discrepancy in the costs incurred by health facilities. Objective: This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the comparison of actual hospital costs with the INA-CBG rates of the JKN program for inpatient stroke. Method: The collection method used a PRISMA flowchart on several databases. This systematic review is a comparative study comparing the significance of the average actual direct medical costs with the INA-CBG rates. Result: Cost differences on intracerebral haemorrhage (I619) and unspecified stroke diagnosis (I64) consistently give a negative difference around IDR 110,659 – IDR 8,184,007/patient/episode. Medicine and medical equipment are the most significant components of stroke treatments. Factors that significantly influence direct medical costs are the length of stay (LOS), class of JKN, and age. Conclusion: Cost differences can be influenced by several factors that can affect the direct medical costs of hospitals. The factor that has the most influence on the amount of direct medical cost is LOS.

Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) expression in colorectal cancer and the correlation with histopathological grading, depth of tumor invasion and regional lymph node metastasis

Colorectal cancer is malignancy that originates from epithelium lining of colon and rectum. GLOBOCAN reported that the incident in 2018 were 18 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in global world. The Indonesian cases reached 34,189 in 2020. COX-2 suspected to play role in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Several studies have stated that any COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer, but research that shows correlation with prognostic factors is still controversial. This study aims to determine COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer using immunohistochemistry examination and the correlation with histopathological grading, depth of tumor invasion and regional lymph node metastasis. This research used analytical observational design, sample consisted of 30 paraffin blocks of colectomy patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2022-2023 as well as medical record data from histopathological results. The analysis used univariate and bivariate analysis. Chi Square test results of COX-2 expression showed 100% positive staining with categories strong 93.4%, and moderate 6.7%. Results Spearman correlation test of COX-2 expression with histopathological grading obtained p value 0.856 (correlation not significant), correlation with the depth of tumor invasion obtained p value 0.763 (correlation not significant), and correlation with regional lymph node metastasis obtained p value of 0.023 (negative correlation). Overexpression of COX-2 was found in colorectal cancer and no correlation was found with the prognosis markers studied. Further research on COX-2 is needed by comparing other molecular markers such as KRAS, TP53, TILs.

COVID-19 and the Future of the Hospitality Industry: An Indonesian Case Study on the Industry's Adaptation, Recovery Plan, and Resilience

With hotels being forced to close and experiencing sharp drops in visitor numbers and revenue, the COVID-19 epidemic has significantly affected the hospitality sector. Diverse adaption techniques have been presented to overcome these issues, like tilting, positioning, and contactless experience. In order to better understand the post-pandemic hospitality industry, this study will examine recovery trends and tactics. Various techniques are employed in qualitative analysis, such as gathering data from sources that provide descriptive information, like industry reports, interviews with stakeholders, and text analysis of relevant publications. The talk covered the hotel industry's supply and demand analysis, adaption tactics used by lodging facilities, and the importance of cooperation amongst stakeholders in ensuring the industry's resilience. The data demonstrate that the pandemic has caused substantial changes in the hospitality sector. However, there is a tremendous chance for recovery due to the expansion of the MICE sector and a rise in domestic travel. Finally, the hotel sector can successfully navigate the future with the appropriate adjustments and good teamwork.

Resilience assessment model for biodiesel supply chain: an Indonesian case study

Biodiesel is a significant energy resource that yields sustainable economic, social, and environmental benefits. The escalation of global tensions has contributed to increased uncertainty in the energy industry, including in the biodiesel sector. The biodiesel supply chain is frequently exposed to various risks from upstream to downstream supply chain. The ability to respond effectively to disruptions is vital for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the supply chain. Hence, supply chain resilience must be developed. The objective of this study is to design a resilience assessment model by connecting vulnerability factors with capability factors in a relationship matrix. A comprehensive review of the literature and rigorous experts’ opinions are the foundation for this model. The Indonesian biodiesel supply chain can be utilized as a case study to develop strategies based on this assessment to boost business resilience. Some research methods are used in this research such as review literature, questionnaires, expert opinions, and discussion. The assessment model matches various vulnerabilities, including turbulence, external pressure, and resource limits, to capabilities, including flexibility in sourcing, flexibility in order fulfillment, capacity, visibility, adaptability, and collaboration in supply chain resilience. The capability of risk sharing with partners and supplier contract flexibility are common strategies employed by the company to mitigate potential risks and uncertainties, particularly those arising from pricing and supply volatility. This research shows the relationship between vulnerabilities and supply chain capabilities, which enables managers to better prioritize SC capabilities based on the outcomes of the evaluation matrix. This study is also providing valuable insight for the policy implication to promote collaborations amongst Indonesian’s biodiesel supply chains.

ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN UNIT COST PADA TINDAKAN TONSILEKTOMI DENGAN METODE ACTIVITY BASED COSTING (STUDI KASUS DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA)

Background: Private hospitals should strive to have the technical capability to manage and calculate costs based on the condition that both hospitals and facilities that can use the Indonesian Case Based Group (INA CBG) appropriately. RS PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta as one of the private hospitals that participate and support the government's program of the Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional.Calculating the unit cost of a tonsillectomy was done as a study of the correspondence between the cost of services and a health claim&#x0D; Methods:The study was a descriptive qualitative case study design. Tonsillectomy unit cost calculation using activity based costing (ABC) with the goal difference obtained unit costs plus a margin to claim CBG INA in 2012.&#x0D; Result: Based on the calculation, the unit cost of services tonsillectomy with activity-based costing method is Rp. 2.265.732. ABC unit cost calculations result in a greater cost than the claims of INA CBG so get the difference in cost of Rp. 785.034.&#x0D; Conclusions: There is a negative difference between the calculation of service bi tonsillectomy ABC method with INA CBG claim. So that needs to be done by the hospital cost efficiency.

Outlook of Diabetic Retinopathy Management through Universal Health Care in Indonesia from 2015 – 2020

Introduction &amp; ObjectivesTo identify the National Health Expenditure associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from theperspective of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional [JKN].&#x0D; MethodsA dataset of 1% of all individuals registered in JKN database was used from 2015 to 2020. Weretrieved primary diagnosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (ICD-10 E11) and/or T2DM withophthalmic complications (E11.3). Further diagnosis with DR (H36) was retrieved. Four groups ofmedical procedures related to DR management were developed according to Indonesian Case BaseGroups (INA-CBGs): diagnostic, laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy, minor (intravitrealinjection), and major surgical procedures (e.g., vitrectomy). We performed descriptive analyses forthe annual costs incurred for procedures, premium classifications, and regions.&#x0D; ResultsOverall DR costs were US $41.5 million from 156,752 individuals with DR in JKN database sample.The total cost and per unit procedures cost specifically increased annually from 2015 to 2019 butdeclined substantially in 2020. The largest amount was spent on intravitreal injection ($36.3 million[87.5%]), whereas vitrectomy was the least ($145.0 million [0.3%]). Region 1 (Java Island) with nonbeneficiariesof government subsidies (PBPU and PPU) was the major number of claims ($12.5million [30.1%] and ($7.3 million [17.7%]), while beneficiaries of government subsidies (PBI) outsideJava Island, conversely, were under average.&#x0D; ConclusionThere was significant increase in health expenditure associated with DR in Indonesia from 2015 to2019, but decreased in 2020 possibly due to COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of funding was spent totreat severe spectrum of DR and concerned in urban area.

Outlook of Diabetic Retinopathy Management through Universal Health Care in Indonesia from 2015 – 2020

Abstract&#x0D; Introduction &amp; Objectives : To identify the National Health Expenditure associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) from the perspective of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional [JKN].&#x0D; Methods : A dataset of 1% of all individuals registered in JKN database was used from 2015 to 2020. We retrieved primary diagnosis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (ICD-10 E11) and/or T2DM with ophthalmic complications (E11.3). Further diagnosis with DR (H36) was retrieved. Four groups of medical procedures related to DR management were developed according to Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBGs): diagnostic, laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy, minor (intravitreal injection), and major surgical procedures (e.g., vitrectomy). We performed descriptive analyses for the annual costs incurred for procedures, premium classifications, and regions.&#x0D; Results : Overall DR costs were US $41.5 million from 156,752 individuals with DR in JKN database sample. The total cost and per unit procedures cost specifically increased annually from 2015 to 2019 but declined substantially in 2020. The largest amount was spent on intravitreal injection ($36.3 million [87.5%]), whereas vitrectomy was the least ($145.0 million [0.3%]). Region 1 (Java Island) with non- beneficiaries of government subsidies (PBPU and PPU) was the major number of claims ($12.5 million [30.1%] and ($7.3 million [17.7%]), while beneficiaries of government subsidies (PBI) outside Java Island, conversely, were under average.&#x0D; Conclusion : There was significant increase in health expenditure associated with DR in Indonesia from 2015 to 2019, but decreased in 2020 possibly due to COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of funding was spent to treat severe spectrum of DR and concerned in urban area.

Online Learning Acceptance in Higher Education during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indonesian Case Study

Online Learning Acceptance in Higher Education during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Indonesian Case Study

Successful Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery after Oxytocin Massage for Nulliparous Women with Anemia and Undetected Foetal Congenital Anomaly: An Indonesian Case Report

Background: A factor that contributes to the poor health of both the mother and the fetus is Anemia. Pregnant women must therefore receive prenatal care that includes the identification and management of Anemia properly. Case Presentation: This case report provides an analysis of the pregnancy circumstances of Mrs. R, a 22-year-old housewife from a middle-class socioeconomic background, who is anticipating her first child. From the pregnancy data obtained, Mrs. R experienced anemia, supported by supporting examinations of hemoglobin levels. The management provided included iron supplementation and the consumption of beetroot, which has been proven to be an effective food to increase hemoglobin levels. At 40 weeks of pregnancy with no signs of labor, it was recommended to engage in sexual intercourse to stimulate contractions and undergo oxytocin massage at 40 weeks and 4 days of pregnancy. The parturition process ultimately took place at 40 weeks 5 days of gestation, spontaneously. The total duration of the first stage of labor was 22 hours, the second stage was 2 hours, the third stage was 11 minutes, and the fourth stage was 2 hours. The baby was born spontaneously, cried loudly, weighed 3,600 grams, and showed a cranial deformity, specifically asymmetric head shape. There were no complications during labor and the postpartum period. Although Mrs. R is deeply committed to maintaining a healthy pregnancy, managing the Anemia that was detected in the early stages of the pregnancy presents a formidable challenge. Through her scrupulous observance of monthly prenatal examinations and regular administration of blood supplement tablets and additional multivitamins, Mrs. R effectively controlled her Anemia, thereby facilitating the successful culmination of the delivery procedure. Conclusion: Accurate evaluation of anemia during pregnancy is crucial for the proper treatment of anemia. In Indonesia, the effective treatment of severe anemia necessitates ......