Cases Of Echinococcosis Research Articles

Paravertebral hydatid cyst: A rare case report

Hydatidosis is a common disease in cattle-raising areas and mostly involves liver (65-75%), lungs (25-30%) and less commonly bones, spine, spleen, pericardium, myocardium and muscles. Muscular hydatidosis especially in paravertebral muscles is very rare. This article presents a case of paravertebral hydatidosis without spinal cord involvement which she was treated by surgery and medication. Therefore, hydatid cyst should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of all cystic lesions especially in endemic areas. This provides an opportunity to being technically prepared to choose the right approach of intervention and treatment.

Peri-Caecal internal hernia: A case report and review of the literature

Hydatidosis is a common disease in cattle-raising areas and mostly involves liver (65-75%), lungs (25-30%) and less commonly bones, spine, spleen, pericardium, myocardium and muscles. Muscular hydatidosis especially in paravertebral muscles is very rare. This article presents a case of paravertebral hydatidosis without spinal cord involvement which she was treated by surgery and medication. Therefore, hydatid cyst should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of all cystic lesions especially in endemic areas. This provides an opportunity to being technically prepared to choose the right approach of intervention and treatment.

A rare case of cardiac alveolar echinococcosis without any complications for eight years

A rare case of cardiac alveolar echinococcosis without any complications for eight years

The Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Radiology, Microbiology, Treatment, and Prognosis of Echinococcosis: Results of NENEHATUN Study.

Aim: Echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus species, is an important zoonotic disease causing major health problems in humans and animals. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory parameters, radiological, serological, pathological, and treatment protocols of followed-up cases of hydatidosis. Methods: A total of 550 patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst disease were included in this study. Patients who were positive for one or more of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or indirect hemagglutination test, pathological results, or radiological findings were examined. The data analyzed were collected from nine centers between 2008 and 2020. Records were examined retrospectively. Results: Among the patients, 292 (53.1%) were women and 258 (46.9%) were men. The patients' mean age was 44.4 ± 17.4 years. A history of living in rural areas was recorded in 57.4% of the patients. A total of 435 (79.1%) patients were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain in 277 (50.4%), listlessness in 244 (44.4%), and cough in 140 (25.5%) patients. Hepatomegaly was found in 147 (26.7%), and decreased breath sounds were observed in 124 (22.5%) patients. Radiological examination was performed in all cases and serological methods were also applied to 428 (77.8%) patients. The most frequently applied serological test was IHA (37.8%). A single cyst has been found in 66% patients. Hepatic involvement occurred in 327 (59.4%), pulmonary involvement was found in 128 (23.3%), whereas both of them were recorded in 43 (7.8%) patients. Splenic involvement was only detected in nine (1.6%) patients. Echinococcus granulosus (72.5%) was most frequently detected. Cyst diameters of 56.9% of the patients were in the range of 5-10 cm. A total of 414 (75.2%) patients received albendazole as an antiparasitic. Mortality was noted in nine (1.6%) patients. Conclusion: Echinococcosis is an important public health problem in Turkey. It can affect the social, economic, and political structures of the community. Public education and awareness are extremely important.

Demographic Aspects of Human Hydatidosis in Egypt

Background: Cystic echinococcosis or hydatidosis is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses. Objective: The aim of the work wasto determine the prevalence of the disease in humans and its clinical presentation, also targeted to identify risk factors predisposing infections. Subjects and Methods:Thirty-one cystic echinococcosis cases were collected to determine the presence of hydatid cysts in human.Confirmation of hydatid cyst infection was done by radiological assessment and direct parasitological detection of hydatid cyst through PAIR technique or pathological confirmation of surgical removal cyst. A questionnaire survey to identify risk factors of transmission was also carried out. Results:The highest percent of infection with hydatid cyst was in age group 21-30 years (29.04%), followed by age group 31-40 years and 41-50 years that attained (25.81%) for each. Females attained the higher percent of infection (58.06%) in comparison to males (41.94 %).The highest percent of cystic echinococcosis was recorded for farmers (32.26 %) followed by housewives (29.03%). 67.75 % of cystic echinococcosiswas for rural resident and (32.25%) was for urban resident. Conclusion: It could be concluded that hydatid disease is still an endemic problem and is a course of challenge to all the medical practitioners. The study has established that hydatidosis is prevalent in humans in Egypt and that the risk factors for its transmission exist.

Ехінококоз у дітей (клінічний випадок легеневого ехінококозу в дівчинки 8 років)

У статті наведено результати огляду літератури щодо епідеміології та діагностики кістозного ехінококозу в дітей та описаний клінічний випадок легеневого ехінококозу в дівчинки 8 років. Останніми роками збільшилася кількість хворих на ехінококоз не тільки в загальновизнаних ендемічних вогнищах, але також і серед жителів європейських країн. Через зростаючу кількість людей, які емігрують до Центральної Європи з країн із високою частотою виникнення кістозного ехінококозу, дана хвороба стала важливою при диференційній діагностиці кістозних уражень. У 2014 році запущений Європейський регістр кістозного ехінококозу (ERCE) в контексті проекту HERACLES. Описаний клінічний випадок являє безперечний інтерес як приклад пізньої діагностики кістозного ехінококозу, що призвело до розвитку ускладнень та потребувало оперативного лікування.

Surgery to preserve the spleen with cardiac involvement in hydatid cyst diseases

Background: Despite the fact that hydatid illness affects several organs in the body most commonly seen in the liver (50-70%) and lungs (20-30%), intracardiac hydatid cyst localization occurring in only 0.02 - 2% of cases of Cardiac involvement can occur as a result of systemic or pulmonary circulation. The left ventricle is the most often affected location (75%), followed by the right ventricle (15%), the interventricular septum (5-9%), the left atrium (8%), the pericardium (8%), the pulmonary artery (7%), and the right atrium (3 -4%). on the other hand, splenic hydatid accounts for only 0.8-4% of all human echinococcosis cases. Splenectomy was the standard surgical treatment for splenic hydatid until recently. Since 1980, there has been a growing trend toward using conservative treatment options to treat such pathology. Aim of the study: In a single institutional study, we wanted to assess our experience with open splenic-preserving surgery for splenic hydatid and it is crucial to detect cardiac involvement early and provide surgical intervention as soon as possible. Patient and methods: In retrospective research, ten patients with splenic hydatid were operated on in our medical center between August 2013 and January 2018. In 7 cases, the spleen was affected alone, in 3 cases, the liver and spleen were both afflicted, and one of them also showed intraperitoneal cyst affection. Ultrasonography was used to confirm the diagnosis. It required computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in some circumstances. All patients got a chest X-ray to rule out pulmonary hydatid. The most important diagnostic method includes serologic testing cardiac imaging by echo-cardiography, CT and MR imaging to detect cardiac involvement in hydatid diseases. The surgical procedure was used as an open one. Isolation of the field, aspiration of cystic fluid and injection of 1% cetrimide solution, re-aspiration, endocystectomy, and suturing of cystic margins over the intracystic tube drain. All surgeries were performed with albendazole (15 mg/kg/day) as a pre-and post-operative treatment. Results: There were no major intraoperative or postoperative problems. There was no need for a second procedure. 3-5 days in the hospital after a (1-3) year follow-up, there was no recurrence. Three patients, however, failed to follow up after two years and as for cardiac hydatid cysts, it can induce deadly consequences such as rupture and embolization, surgical resections combined with medicinal therapy are the best therapeutic option. Conclusion: Our experience with splenic hydatid motivates us to employ splenic-preserving surgery rather than splenectomy if appropriate. Cardiac hydatid cyst illness can occasionally produce a fistula between the coronary and pulmonary arteries. Therefore, to provide best possible treatment cardiac cyst must be investigated in endemic countries as early as possible.

Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Lebanon: A Retrospective Study and Molecular Epidemiology

PurposeHuman cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that constitutes a public health challenge and a socio-economic burden in endemic areas worldwide. No specific surveillance system of CE infections in humans exists in Lebanon. The incidence and trends over time have not been documented. The current study aimed to assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases over a 14-year period in the five main regions of Lebanon.MethodsFrom 2005 to 2018, a total of 894 surgically confirmed cases of hydatidosis were recorded from five anatomy and pathology laboratories.ResultsThe mean annual surgical incidence was 1.23/100,000 inhabitants. Over the span of these years, the incidence increased from 0.53 to 1.94 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2005 and 2018, respectively. CE is present in Lebanon with an uneven distribution from one region to the other with higher prevalence in Bekaa (29.0%), a rural area where sheep raising is widespread. Human CE cases were more common in females (60.1%) than in males (39.9%) and a high burden of infection was reported for the age group of 30–39 years. Besides, 66.7% of the cases expressed only liver complications whereas, 20.5% showed predilection towards lungs. The 7.8% of cases presented cysts in other organs, and 1.3% showed multiple localizations. Additionally, predominant involvement of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto was recorded in human infections. Comparison of Echinococcus granulosus s.s. populations from different Mediterranean countries also revealed high gene flow among this region and sharing of alleles.ConclusionThe current study is a step forward to fill the gap of knowledge for the hydatidosis in Lebanon where the lack of epidemiological data and control measures have resulted in higher incidence of human CE.Graphic

Vertebro-Medullary Hydatid Cyst: Case Study and Review of the Literature

Vertebromedullary hydatidosis is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all localizations of the hydatid cyst. It remains the most frequent and most serious manifestation of bone hydatidosis. We have collected 17 cases of vertebromedullary hydatidosis. Our patients have a mean age of 36 and are divided into 9 women and 8 men. The clinical picture is dominated by motor and sensory neurological disorders. The locations were dorsal in 4 cases, lumbar in 11 cases, cervical in 2 cases; vertebromedullary involvement was dominated by osteolysis (14 cases), vertebral compression (4 cases), multiloculated collections (7 cases), and extradural medullary compression (13 cases).

Zoonotic Diseases in the eastern region of the Iraqi capital, between 2010-2016

There are several cases in geographical areas with zoonotic diseases before they were evident due to evolving human and climate patterns. This study was carried out to identify diagnosis, emerging diseases, as well as epidemics and pandemics affected by the zoonotic disease in Al-Ressafa, Baghdad. Data was collected between the years 2010-2016 by the Food Research Institute, Public Health Directorate, Iraq. This study targeted emerging infective diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, cutaneous leishmaniosis, hydatidosis, rabies, and toxoplasmosis. Out of 20797 involved cases were presented, 29% emerging from zoonotic diseases. The zoonotic diseases were included parasite, viral and bacterial 75.4, 0.70, and 23.9%, respectively. Brucellosis showed high-frequency infections during March, April, and May, while cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred between February and June. The number of cases showed the male cases were 52.4 %, while the female 47.6 %. Cutaneous leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and hydatidosis cases were increased at the age between 10-19 years old. In conclusion, zoonotic diseases still common on the Eastern side of Baghdad

Masquelet’s induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone hydatid disease.

Bone Hydatid disease is a rare entity even in endemic areas. Insidious symptoms onset is due to progressive infiltration of the parasite into bony tissues. The frequent pseudo-tumoral presentation of bone parasitosis made its surgical treatment closer to carcinologic procedures. We report a case of hydatid disease of the femur managed in two-steps induced membrane surgical technique. Keywords: Hydatid cyst; femur; surgical technique.

Diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosis analysis of 28 cases of central nervous system echinococcosis

BackgroundTo explore central nervous system (CNS) involvement in this disease, from the perspectives of diagnosis, treatment, and misdiagnosisMethodsTwenty-eight patients with CNS echinococcosis were included in this retrospective study, including 18 males (64.3%) and 10 (35.7%) females. The average age of all the patients were 23.5 years (ranged 4–60 years). Twenty-three (23) patients (82.1%) received the first surgical resection in our hospital. Five (5) patients (17.9%) gave up surgical treatment for multiple-organ hydatidosis and previous surgery history at other hospitals, and albendazole was applied for a long-term (3–6 months) adjunct therapy for the 5 patients. The average follow-up time was 8 years.ResultsFor the 28 patients, 23 cases received surgical treatments, and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examinations. The diagnosis of 4 cases of brain echinococcosis and 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis could not be confirmed, resulting in a misdiagnosis rate of 21.4% (6/28). For the pathological examination, a total of 17 cases were infected with Echinococcus granulosus (including 2 cases of spinal cord echinococcosis), and 6 cases were infected with Echinococcus alveolaris.ConclusionThe diagnosis should be specifically considered in endemic regions. The clinical features of CNS hydatidosis were intracranial space-occupying lesions. For the treatment, the surgical removal of cysts should be necessary. In addition, the adjuvant therapy with drug and intraoperative prophylaxis is also suggested. The misdiagnosis may have resulted from atypical clinical features and radiographic manifestations, as well as the accuracy of hydatid immunologic test.

ANALYSIS OF RECORDS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF CASES OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN SOME CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

We analyzed data reflected in the records of the epidemiological screening of cases with echinococcosis in 2019 in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was noted that both rural people and urban residents suffered from the disease equally, while women suffered a little more than men (54.4%). It is found that the most common localization of echinococcal cysts, both in men and women, is the liver (79.5%), and the lesion of the lungs caused by echinococcal cysts (9.1) is in the second place. We presented multiple localization of echinococcal cysts affecting several organs simultaneously to a lesser extent. Two cases of hydatidosis and two cases of multilocular hydatid cyst in the liver were accompanied by a fatal outcome. In some territories, alveococcosis was diagnosed in 14 (8.75%) cases. Contacts with dogs, work on livestock farms, caring for pets, picking wild berries or mushrooms in the forest and eating them without thermal treatment, use of raw river water in housekeeping, eating unwashed vegetables and berries, activities in natural environment, hunting and dressing of wild animals, or failure to observe the rules of personal hygiene have great importance in the spread of this disease among the population, according to epidemiological records.

Disseminated hydatid disease, both above and below diaphragm: a rare presentation

Echinococcosis is a common infectious disease in middle east countries. Human being, sheep, swine and goat are in determinate accidental hosts while dog is definitive host. Liver is most common site of involvement but simultaneous affection of another organ may occur in abdominal cavity. We present a case of hydatid disease with liver, spleen and lung involvement simultaneously which is a rare presentation.

Literature review- Primary splenic hydatidosis

Aim: Cystic lesions in Spleen are common, but a hydatid cyst is uncommon. No doubt, the occurrence of hydatid disease has decreased due to handwashing after contact with canine species, vigorous washing & cooking of vegetables before eating, and stoppage feeding the slaughtered animal’s guts to dogs. Its incidence at unusual sites is about 8-10%. These uncommon sites are Spleen, psoas muscle, pelvic cavity, peritoneum, mesentery, brain, kidneys, bones, muscles and soft tissues. Primary extrahepatic hydatid cysts are uncommon, and primary splenic hydatid cyst (SHC) is even more so. Hydatid disease of the Spleen is known since 1790 as endorsed by Berlot and is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Materials and Methods: Discussed below is a literature review focusing on the epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and follow up modalities of splenic-hydatidosis. Results: Our literature review examines dissimilar articles published on this topic and sum up the data obtained. Conclusion: The incidence of splenic involvement by hydatid cysts in relation to the rest of the abdominal viscera is very low and is about 0.5 to 4% of all cases of hydatidosis. Man is an accidental intermediate and end-stage host in its life cycle. Splenectomy (open and laparoscopic) was the gold standard treatment for splenic hydatidosis as medical therapy seems ineffective. However, the last two decades have shown a leaning towards splenic conservative surgery in suitable cases to reduce opportunistic post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). Keywords: Hydatid cyst, Spleen, Echinococcus granulosus, Splenic conservative surgery.

Incidence of Cystic Echinococcosis in the East Azerbaijan, Iran, During 2011-2017: A Retrospective Epidemiological Study

Objective: Cystic echinococcosis has been recognized as one of the most common zoonotic diseases in many parts of the world, which is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Cystic echinococcosis cases in human in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, during 2011-2017. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive epidemiologic study included seven-year period and investigated variables such as age, gender, involved organs, mortality, residential place types of patients and relations between these data. Data of the patients who had referred to the referral hospital in the East Azerbaijan, Iran with hydatid cysts were evaluated. Results: The highest percentage of the cases were females (56.2%). The most common age range was 18-35 (33.5%). Liver was the highly involved organ, in 918 cases (60.2%). The highest case number was detected in the year 2015 (17.0%), while the year 2012 (11.4%) had the least rate of cases. The rural population with the highest rate of 62.2% had the most incidence. A survey of occupations showed that housewives (19.6%) had the highest rate in terms of variety among other occupations. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the increasing incidence of this disease in the East Azerbaijan region. Because the disease in the region is endemic, public awareness and knowledge about the disease need to be increased in order to reduce related health problems and increase the level of prevention at the community level.

Application of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography for the Preoperative Diagnosis and Classification of Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis.

Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis remains a serious threat to public health. A standardized, imaging-based classification method for pulmonary echinococcosis has not yet been developed despite the existence of a standardized ultrasound classification method and treatment plan for hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Chest computed tomography (CT) images from 34 cases of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis with 46 lesions were used for classification based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized ultrasound classification of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. CT findings were compared with intraoperative observations and postoperative pathological results to assess accuracy. Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis was common in women (14/34, 41.2%) and children (14/34, 41.2%) with a single cyst (28/46, 60.9%). Most lesions were classified as cystic echinococcosis 1(CE1, 19/46) or cystic echinococcosis 3(CE3, 21/46). Blood leukocytosis was mostly observed in CE3 lesions (100%, 9/9) (p < 0.05). The preoperative CT diagnosis of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis had an accuracy rate of 100%. The preoperative CT typing, and postoperative pathological typing had a coincidence rate of 97.8% (45/46). Our study provided a classification method based on CT imaging for pulmonary cystic echinococcosis that can be used during pre-surgical planning to reduce patient’s postoperative complications and mortality.

Treatment of retroperitoneal echinococcosis: the experience of a single center.

Retroperitoneal echinococcosis (RE) is a rare condition that is associated with a high mortality and disability rate. It is associated with a high rate of misdiagnosis, a high risk of surgery, and is extremely difficult to manage. There is no uniform standard for determining the exact form of surgical method and the timing of surgery.This was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics and surgical management of patients diagnosed with RE in our hospital between 2012 and 2019.Between 2012 and 2019, 1257 cases of echinococcosis and 121 cases of RE were diagnosed in our hospital. Of these, 68 cases involved surgical treatment, 53 involved non-surgical treatment, and 12 cases were lost to follow-up (4 cases in the surgical group and 8 cases in the non-surgical group). Thus, 109 cases were followed-up. RE cases were divided according to different treatment methods into a radical resection group (Group A, 31 cases), a non-radical resection group (Group B, 37 cases), and a non-surgical group (Group C, 53 cases). We carried out a detailed analysis of the 109 cases experiencing surgical intervention with effective follow-up.Our analysis found that radical resection is the first line of treatment of RE, although non-radical surgery can benefit most patients. It is important to emphasize the importance of the first round of surgery, particularly in cases involving hepatic echinococcosis. If the lesion can be removed radically during the first round of surgery, then radical surgery should be performed.

A maze of pearls in the chest.

Hydatid disease is a prevalent disease in India. The most common organs involved are the liver and the lungs. Most of the time, the lung cysts are single and large. Multiple cysts have been described in literature but they are generally bilateral. We present here a case of multiple hydatidosis which involved only one lung, but occupied all the segments of the lung. The cysts were numerous and interconnected giving the appearance of a maze. The images of the computed tomography (CT) scan reveal that there was very little identifiable lung tissue. But after surgery, the healthy lung tissue expanded and occupied the chest cavity.

Alveolar Echinococcosis of the Liver with a Rare Infiltration of the Adrenal Gland.

SummaryHuman alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a silently-progressing disorder that has become a threat in many countries. Since 2000, when the first case was recorded, the number of human AE patients in Slovakia is on continuous raise. The article presents a rare case of alveolar echinococcosis with infiltration in the adrenal gland and discusses the problems associated with differential diagnosis of the disease. In 2016, abdominal ultrasound performed due abdominal pain complaint showed the presence of cystic lesions in the right liver lobe of 54-year old female patient. During surgery, another lesion in the right adrenal gland was found, and neoplastic processes or echinococcosis were considered in the differential diagnosis. Due to unclear correlation between radiology, serology and histopathology results and endemic situation in Slovakia, molecular examination was recommended. Subsequently E. multilocularis was confirmed as etiological agent of infection. Alveolar echinococcosis is considered as a rare disease, with very few patients referred to clinicians or hospitals that sometimes have almost none existing experience with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, the establishment of networks or reference centres specialized on management of the disease would be suitable way to provide the patients with the best care and improve the disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.