Future Cases Research Articles

Surgical Scheduling Errors During Manual Data Transfer.

Retrospective studies examining errors within a surgical scheduling setting do not fully represent the effects of human error involved in transcribing critical patient health information (PHI). These errors can negatively impact patient care and reduce workplace efficiency due to insurance claim denials and potential sentinel events. Previous reports underscore the burden physicians face with prior authorizations which may lead to serious adverse events or the abandonment of treatment due to these delays. This study simulates the process of PHI transfer during surgical scheduling to examine the error rate of experienced schedulers when manually transferring PHI from surgical forms into electronic health records (EHR). Participants (n=50) manually input PHI from four surgical scheduling forms into a simulated EHR form. Eight critical data points were identified and defined as data that delay claim approvals and payments. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a control (18minutes) or experimental (10minutes) group. Transcription errors were flagged to measure the percentage of incorrectly inputted data fields. Two-tailed t-tests were used to determine statistical significance (P <.05). 100% of subjects in both cohorts had at least one or more errors in every form. The 10-minute cohort had a higher average "critical errors" rate than the 18-minute cohort (P =.03). Of the 200 forms completed, 171 forms contained 1 or more "critical errors," resulting in a potential 85.5% delay or denial in authorization or payments. The highest incidence of critical errors across all fields occurred with ICD-10 codes, CPT codes, authorization number, procedure, and insurance ID number. As critical errors fields of authorization number and insurance ID often lead to automatic denials, not only are they more susceptible to transcription error due to alphanumeric values but more indicative of delays in treatment. These findings reveal a clear "pain point" in the routine scheduling process that leads to authorization and payment denials. With various touch points of manual data transfer in surgical scheduling, data degradation due to human error may compound at each step. Health care institutions should consider adopting digital solutions and investing in training programs to optimize clinical practice efficiency and reduce the possibility of inaccurate manual PHI transfer. Future case studies on denied payments will help further elucidate the economic impact on practices, as well as inform strategic decisions by those who directly handle health care management.

Scènes à Faire: Genre Practice in Music Copyright Infringement Cases

ABSTRACT Recent copyright infringement litigation has revealed ambiguity in the scope of legal protection for musical works. Courts have especially struggled to distinguish between unprotectable, foundational musical ideas and copyrightable expressions of them. This article advocates for increased application of the legal doctrine of scènes à faire—which permits the exclusion of indispensable ideas when proving infringement—to contextualize more acutely similarities identified in a lawsuit according to evolving creative practices and repertories that are essential to genre communities. In so doing, this article furthers methodological discourse in forensic musicology to promote future case outcomes attuned to musical genre practices.

Infrared Video Imaging for the Identification and Quantification of Macula-Involving Symptomatic Vitreous Opacities.

Purpose: To evaluate whether infrared video imaging can supplement traditional examination and imaging methods to identify and quantify symptomatic vitreous opacities. Methods: A prospective nonrandomized nonmasked series was performed that included eyes of consecutive patients with a primary complaint of symptomatic vitreous opacities. A macular vitreous opacity score (0-4) was developed to grade the size of the opacities in relation to the macula after refixation of up, down, left, and right saccades. Grade 0 indicated an absence of opacities. Grades 1 to 4 represented how many quadrants of the macula were obscured by opacities for more than 50% of the total video capture time (grade 1 = 1%-25%; grade 2 = 26%-50%, grade 3 = 51%-75%; grade 4 = 76%-100%). Grade 2 opacities were divided into subcategories 2A and 2B depending on whether they were central enough to obscure the fovea for more than 50% of the time. Results: The study comprised 52 eyes of 40 patients. Thirty-two eyes (62%) with symptomatic vitreous opacities were grade 1, 6 (11%) were grade 2A, 6 (11%) were grade 2B, 5 (10%) were grade 3, and 3 (6%) were grade 4. Conclusions: Infrared video imaging is a useful supplement to traditional examination and imaging methods for the identification and quantification of symptomatic vitreous opacities. The macular vitreous opacity score can help standardize vitreous opacity documentation in the clinical setting for future case selection.

Lifetime Attributable Risk for Breast Cancer Induced by High-resolution Computed Tomography during COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: The widespread utilization of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosing and management of COVID-19 during the pandemic has prompted worries regarding a potential rise in future breast cancer cases. We aimed to estimate the Life Attributable Risk (LAR) of breast cancer in Shiraz, Iran, linked to HRCT use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz from February 2, 2020, to December 31, 2022.The Imaging Performance Assessment of CT Scanners (ImPACT) patient dosimetry calculator was used to determine organ doses. LAR was computed utilizing the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) Committee models. Results: The sample size was 666, with ages spanning from 15 to 95 years. 25% (168) had HRCT more than once (2 to 8 times). The mean and 95% uncertainty limits (UL) for Total LAR of breast cancer, considering both single and multiple doses of radiation exposure, was 217 (95% UL, 194-244) per 100,000 persons. Conclusion: According to our research, the risk of potential breast cancer should not be overlooked. It is advised to use the ultra-low-dose protocol over the low-dose in HRCT. Physicians, pulmonologists, and infectious disease specialists are advised to avoid unnecessary and repeated requests for chest HRCT in a short period.

Profile and resistance pattern of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital During 2020-2022 Period

Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a challenging respiratory tract pathogen with increasing number of cases. S. maltophilia also shows a high resistance towards various antibiotics. The aim for this study is to know the antibiotic resistance pattern and profile of patient infected with S. maltophilia in order to find out effective antibiotic therapy in treating future cases. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses descriptive analytic method using medical record data of 36 patients infected with S. maltophilia in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital during 2020-2022 period. The measured variables included antibiotic resistance pattern, age, sex, clinical diagnosis, comorbidity, signs and symptoms, medical device usage, total leukocyte count, and mortality rate. Result: S. maltophilia shows highest sensitivity index towards Trimetophrim-sulfomethoxazole (56%). Cases of S. maltophilia is most often found in 0-17 years age group (53%) and male (63%). It may cause infection whether alone or alongside other bacteria. The most common clinical diagnosis that occurs in S. maltophilia infections is pneumonia (81%). Dyspnea is the most occurred symptoms. Hypertension is a common comorbidity. IV infusion is the most used medical device. Might cause infection alongside other bacteria. Leukocytosis is often present. Mortality rate among subjects is 50%. Conclusion: Trimetophrim-sulfomethoxazole is the best treatment for S. maltophilia infections. Cases most often occurs in age 0-17 years, male, diagnosed with pneumonia, and has hypertension as comorbidity. In the future, antibiotics must be used wisely to prevent bacterial resistance and regular changing of medical device is encouraged to prevent nosocomial infections.

Evaluating the Effect of Stock Liquidity &amp; Limitation of Orders on Future Fluctuations Case Study: Petrochemical Companies Admitted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Fluctuations in stock prices are commonly observed in all stock exchanges and are considered a natural aspect of market dynamics. These fluctuations are influenced by a variety of factors both within and outside of organizations. When these factors are identified, shareholders can make informed decisions by evaluating their own holdings as well as those of others in the market. This enables them to take appropriate actions such as maintaining, selling, or replacing their shares as needed. This research examines the impact of stock liquidity and order restrictions on the future fluctuations of petrochemical companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange over a five-year period. Utilizing a panel data approach, monthly time series data obtained from the Stock Exchange is analyzed. The hypotheses are tested using panel data econometric methods and the EViews7 software. The findings reveal a significant relationship between relative liquidity and future stock price fluctuations, as well as a significant relationship between sales order limits and future fluctuations. Consequently, it is recommended that regulatory authorities implement effective policies regarding stock liquidity and sales order limits to manage and mitigate sudden fluctuations in the Stock Exchange

Investigating the added value of incorporatingmammographic density to an integrated breastcancer risk model with questionnaire-based riskfactors and polygenic risk score.

Incorporation of mammographic density to breast cancer risk models could improve risk stratification to tailor screening and prevention strategies according to risk. Robust evaluation of the value of adding mammographic density to models with comprehensive information on questionnaire-based risk factors and polygenic risk score is needed to determine its effectiveness in improving risk stratification of such models. We used the Individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimator (iCARE) tool for risk model building and validation to incorporate density to a previously validated literature-based model with questionnaire-based risk factors and a 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS). The model was evaluated for calibration and discrimination in three prospective cohorts of European-ancestry women (1,468 cases, 19,104 controls): US-based Nurses' Health Study (NHS I and II) and Mayo Mammography Health Study (MMHS); and Sweden-based Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) study. Analyses were done separately for women younger (NHS II, KARMA) and older than 50 years (NHS I, MMHS, KARMA). Improvements in terms of risk stratification and reclassification proportions were assessed among European-ancestry women aged 50-70 years in US and Sweden. For women younger and older than 50 years, the model with questionnaire-based risk factors, PRS and density was generally well calibrated across risk with some evidence of miscalibration at the extremes of the risk distribution. Incorporation of density led to modest improvements risk discrimination beyond the model with questionnaire-based risk factors and PRS: the area under the curve (AUC) among younger women was 67.0% (95% CI: 63.5-70.6%) vs. 65.6% (95% CI: 61.9-69.3%) for models with and without density; and 66.1% (95% CI 64.4-67.8%) vs. 65.5% (95% CI: 63.8-67.2%) among older women. The model with density identified 18.4% of US women 50-70 years old ≥ 3% 5-year predicted risk (threshold used for recommending risk-reducing medication in the US), with 42.4% of future cases expected to occur in this group. At this threshold, 7.9% of US women were reclassified by adding density to the model, resulting in the identification of 2.8% of additional future cases. The model with density identified 10.3% of Swedish women ≥ 3% 5-year predicted risk, with 29.4% of future cases expected to occur in this group. At this threshold, 5.3% of women were reclassified with the addition of density, leading to the identification of an additional 4.4% of future cases. Integrating density with questionnaire-based risk factors and PRS could potentially identify more women of European-ancestry with elevated risk of breast cancer in the United States and Sweden. Further investigations of the integrated model in non-European ancestry populations are needed prior to considering clinical applications.

Improving Covid-19 Forecasts in Malaysia: A Hybrid SARIMAX-SARIMA Model with Application to State Elections and Cultural Festivals

Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous challenges have emerged, including ensuring an adequate supply of personal protective equipment, evaluating the sufficiency of the healthcare workforce, and determining safety measures to sustain businesses and the economy. Consequently, there is a critical need for a computationally competent and realistic model to monitor current caseloads and forecast future cases, thereby enhancing public health awareness, preparation, and response. However, many forecast models currently in use have wide prediction intervals, diminishing their effectiveness as forecasting tools. Thus, this study aims to analyse the trend of Covid-19 cases in Malaysia and develop a forecast model that provides appropriate limits to improve prediction accuracy. This study relied on secondary data of daily Covid-19 cases in Malaysia provided by Ministry of Health from April 12, 2021, to April 24, 2022. Future Covid-19 incidence was predicted using simple, double and Holts-Winter exponential smoothing and SARIMAX models. SARIMAX (0, 1, 1) (1, 0, 2)7 was identified as the best model, exhibiting the lowest error values for forecasting cases. However, the results indicated that SARIMAX's prediction intervals were broad. To address this issue, a new model called hybrid SARIMAX-SARIMA was proposed where the orders from the best SARIMAX model found by using auto.arima() function are extracted and used to specify the order for a SARIMA model. The resulting combined model was then utilized to predict future trends in daily Covid-19 cases and evaluation during cultural festivals and state elections. It was observed that the proposed model outperformed others, demonstrating lower error rates and narrower confidence intervals for future predictions.

Transitional Justice Studies: Development, Challenges, and Future Directions

In an era marked by numerous conflicts and human rights violations, this article provides a comprehensive review of transitional justice studies, assessing the evolution of the field and exploring potential future directions. It addresses several critical questions: How has the field of transitional justice developed, and what factors have influenced its changes over time? What tools and techniques have been employed, and what challenges and achievements have they revealed? What significant lessons and recommendations have emerged from existing studies, and why are they important? Finally, the article also considers normative aspirations for future cases of transitional justice, particularly in the context of Russia’s war against Ukraine. This analysis underscores the belief that academic self-reflection is valuable not only for students and researchers but also for national and international actors involved in implementing transitional justice strategies.

Distance-based Similarity Measures of Hypersoft Sets under Uncertain Environment and Application in Customer Support Systems

Intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft sets (IFHSS) represent a novel conceptual framework poised to overcome the limitations associated with intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets (IFSS) concerning the representation of multi-argument domains for parameter approximation. This model offers enhanced flexibility and reliability by facilitating the categorization of parameters into pertinent parametric valued sets. This study investigates the application of the IFHSS theory in enhancing similarity measurement within ChatBot systems. Through experimentation and analysis, the research demonstrates the efficacy of IFHSS-based approaches in handling uncertainties inherent in natural language interactions. We introduce distance measures (DM) along with their corresponding similarity measures (SM). These SMs tailored for IFHSS play a significant role in assessing similarity and facilitating the comparison of various factors. This article aims to develop six SMs based on their DMs and their axiomatic properties, theorems, and illustrative examples. Furthermore, we employ these measures to address real-world problems, particularly in the domain of computer sciences. By leveraging various technical factors, our analysis aids in pinpointing the best ChatBot for the satisfaction of customers. The methodologies proposed in this study hold promise for future case studies involving complex features and multiple decision-makers. Moreover, the suggested approach can be seamlessly integrated with existing structures.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Hotspots in Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

The global push to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) as a public health threat is increasingly urgent, particularly in high-burden areas like the Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality, South Africa. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) poses a significant challenge to TB control efforts and is a leading cause of TB-related deaths. This study aimed to assess DR-TB transmission patterns and predict future cases using geospatial and predictive modeling techniques. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted across five decentralized DR-TB facilities in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality from January 2018 to December 2020. Data were obtained from Statistics South Africa, and patient GPS coordinates were used to identify clusters of DR-TB cases via DBSCAN clustering. Hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi) was performed, and two predictive models (Linear Regression and Random Forest) were developed to estimate future DR-TB cases. Analyses were conducted using Python 3.8 and R 4.1.1, with significance set at p < 0.05. A total of 456 patients with DR-TB were enrolled, with 56.1% males and 43.9% females. The mean age was 37.5 (±14.9) years. The incidence of DR-TB was 11.89 cases per 100,000 population, with males being disproportionately affected. Key risk factors included poverty, lack of education, and occupational exposure. The DR-TB types included RR-TB (60%), MDR-TB (30%), Pre-XDR-TB (5%), XDR-TB (3%), and INHR-TB (2%). Spatial analysis revealed significant clustering in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. A major cluster was identified, along with a distinct outlier. The analyses of DR-TB case trends using historical data (2018-2021) and projections (2022-2026) from Linear Regression and Random Forest models reveal historical data with a sharp decline in DR-TB case, from 186 in 2018 to 15 in 2021, highlighting substantial progress. The Linear Regression model predicts a continued decline to zero cases by 2026, with an R2 = 0.865, a mean squared error (MSE) of 507.175, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 18.65. Conversely, the Random Forest model forecasts stabilization to around 30-50 cases annually after 2021, achieving an R2 = 0.882, an MSE of 443.226, and an MAE of 19.03. These models underscore the importance of adaptive strategies to sustain progress and avoid plateauing in DR-TB reduction efforts. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions in vulnerable populations to curb DR-TB transmission and improve treatment outcomes.

P91 Bimekizumab-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome

Abstract Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESSs) is a potentially life-threatening drug-induced reaction which can present with cutaneous, haematological and internal organ involvement. It is a T-cell-mediated delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reaction and although the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, it has been recognized also to have significant genetic associations. Bimekizumab is the first monoclonal antibody to selectively inhibit IL-17F and IL-17A and has been approved for the management of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the UK and EU. We present a case of Bimekizumab-induced DRESS syndrome which, to our knowledge, has not yet been described in the literature. The patient is a 45-year-old male with chronic plaque psoriasis who presented with fevers, tachycardia, erythroderma, generalized oedema and lymphadenopathy 10 days after his first treatment with Bimekizumab. He had previously been established on Adalimumab but was still experiencing persistent flares of psoriasis. Laboratory results revealed eosinophilia, raised inflammatory markers and deranged liver function. Histology showed patchy interface dermatitis and moderate-to-severe perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis with numerous eosinophils, but no psoriasiform changes. He fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for DRESSs, prompting discontinuation of Bimekizumab, treatment with fluid resuscitation, topical steroids and emollients. This resulted in an improvement in clinical picture and laboratory results over a 4-day hospital admission. However, upon tapering down the topical steroids, there was a worsening of his cutaneous symptoms. He developed a generalized eczematous rash on the trunk and limbs with acral oedema. This was further managed with oral ciclosporin and topical steroids. However, upon tapering down the topical steroids, there was worsening of his cutaneous symptoms. He developed a generalised erythematous scaly rash on trunk and limbs with acral oedema. This was further managed with oral ciclosporin and topical steroids. He was subsequently started on Rinsakizumab for the management of his psoriasis. This is a novel case report which demonstrates DRESSs in the context of Bimekizumab treatment for chronic plaque psoriasis. Generally, symptoms develop following a latency period of 3–8 weeks although studies have described ‘rapid-onset DRESSs’ which occurs &amp;lt;15 days following initiation of the culprit drug, which have primarily included antibiotics and contrast media. In this case, the onset of symptoms was earlier than is typically seen in DRESSs and the case highlights the importance of considering this established biologic as a potential cause of DRESSs in future cases.

Intestinal pneumatosis caused by cetuximab, a strange entity.

Intestinal pneumatosis is a relatively rare condition, and its association with the use of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, is even less common. Documenting rare cases is important for expanding clinical knowledge and providing references for future similar cases. Publishing this case may alert clinicians to this potential complication, improving early detection and appropriate management of the condition.

EE402 The Monte Carlo Model as a Tool for Estimating the Economic Burden of Ectopic Pregnancy by Predicting Future Cases

EE402 The Monte Carlo Model as a Tool for Estimating the Economic Burden of Ectopic Pregnancy by Predicting Future Cases

Earthquake Iso‐Nuisance and Iso‐Damage Mapping for Alberta: Applications for Choosing Magnitude Thresholds to Manage Induced Seismicity

AbstractWe generate earthquake iso‐nuisance and iso‐damage maps for Alberta. These maps show the spatial distribution of earthquake magnitude required to reach a specific level of nuisance and damage, considering human exposure and surficial geological conditions. We rely on population distribution for the human exposure factor while utilizing Vs30 derived from surficial geological modeling to approximate site amplification effects. By including the trailing seismicity factor, the iso‐nuisance and iso‐damage maps provide the base for the Magnitude Threshold for Acceptable Seismicity maps, which can set a guideline for the upper magnitude boundary, or largest magnitude event permissible, related to industrial activities causing seismicity. The trailing seismicity factor refers to the subsequent seismicity after a substantial change or end of the seismogenic operations; for instance, the cessation of seismogenic hydraulic fracturing activities under a traffic light protocol after a magnitude threshold event (red‐light event). Considering variations in the trailing seismicity factor, we derive different Magnitude Threshold for Acceptable Seismicity maps for various injection‐induced activities, including hydraulic fracturing and fluid disposal activities. Extended versions of the Magnitude Threshold for Acceptable Seismicity maps could allow for safety factors pertinent to critical infrastructure in a particular area, incorporating other factors beyond the population distribution and warranting a different tolerance level. These maps help to define the magnitude threshold from induced seismicity, maintaining the same tolerance levels throughout a region. Thus, they can be highly beneficial in managing current and future cases of induced seismicity related to the energy sector.

A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances in Scalar Convection- Diffusion Studies

Scalar convection-diffusion has been drawing attention in fluid mechanics since more than half a century due to its relevance in various applications, its impact on transport properties, and its interplay with other fluid phenomena. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in scalar convection-diffusion studies documented by various researchers in efforts to identify an appropriate case study for using the model of convection-diffusion correctly. Scalar convection-diffusion studies are classified as theoretical, numerical solution, extracellular, chemical reaction, turbulence, diffusivity, and mixing perspectives since different perspectives have their own context. This paper has examined and articulated a range of viewpoints with different emphases. Encapsulating the latest advancements in the study of scalar convection-diffusion processes for future case study applications is the goal of this review.

Reinforcement learning optimization of a water resource recovery facility: Evaluating the impact of reward function design on agent training, control optimization, and treatment risk

This study applied reinforcement learning (RL) optimization to the simulation of a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) to evaluate the impact of reward function design under varying effluent requirements. Several mathematical structures were evaluated for the effluent quality index (EQI) portion of the reward function for the case of current treatment requirements. Of these, a fraction-based structure was found to produce the highest level of optimization, as well as the best mix of results along an optimal risk-reward tradeoff line. The study also found that the training success rate could be tuned by changing the weight given to the EQI. Given the simplicity of the current treatment requirements, agents trained for this case showed a very clear risk-reward tradeoff. The most cost-effective agent reduced operational costs by 10.9 % compared to current operation, equivalent to yearly savings of $267,000. RL agents were also evaluated for the case of future treatment requiring nutrient removal. As the future case was more complex than the current case, relative risk was evaluated using a combination of basic indicators such as maximum effluent value and instantaneous limit exceedance, correlation matrixes to uncover state-action relationships, and challenge testing.

Truce or Settlement? The Dispute over Germany’s Immunity from Wartime Reparations claims after Judgment no. 159/2023 of the Italian Constitutional Court

Abstract Following Germany’s 2022 ICJ application against Italy over continuing violations of its immunities, the Corte Costituzionale’s Judgment No. 159/2023 upheld legislation curbing enforcement against German assets and redirecting claims by Nazi crimes victims to an Italy-financed Reparations Fund. This paper discusses whether and under what conditions this ruling might lead to a termination of the German-Italian dispute. It shows that, while the Court paid lip service to its own Judgment No. 238/2014, the dispute’s main casus belli, it distanced itself from many controversial aspects of that precedent and greatly reduced its significance. The paper then reflects on the extant problems, arising from the Court’s failure to overrule Judgment No. 238, and on ways to solve them. These problems include: 1) the apparently ongoing violation of Germany’s immunity from adjudicative jurisdiction; and 2) the possibility of constitutional challenges being levied against the Fund for discrimination against excluded claimants. It is suggested that neither problem calls into question the possibility of terminating the dispute. In conclusion, the paper speculates that, while an overruling of Judgment No. 238 is unlikely, the Court’s future case law could, with only some fine-tuning, turn that judgment into a precedent devoid of meaningful effects.

A Study on Alzhemier Disease in Takum, Taraba State, Nigeria: An ARIMA Model Approach

Alzheimer’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, represents a significant and growing public health burden, particularly as life expectancy increases worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, the disease's prevalence is rising due to aging populations and urbanized lifestyles that elevate risk factors for cognitive decline. This study investigates the trends and projected incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in Takum, Taraba State, Nigeria. The research utilizes patient records from General Hospital Takum, spanning from 2012 to 2021. Following diagnostic tests and data transformations, the ARIMA(1,2,0) model was selected as the best fit for predicting future case counts. The findings reveal a steady increase in Alzheimer’s cases, consistent with global patterns, highlighting the need for proactive measures in healthcare planning. The study thus recommends the need for increased public awareness, investment in diagnostic infrastructure, and support systems for caregivers.

Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with partial atrioventricular septal defect for an emergency drainage of brain abscess

Congenital heart diseases, such as atrioventricular septal defect, increase the perioperative risk of children presenting for surgery. We report a case of a pediatric patient with partial atrioventricular septal defect who presented for emergency evacuation of brain abscess. The preoperative findings, pathophysiology of the cardiac condition, and effects of anesthesia were correlated to safely administer general anesthesia for an emergency noncardiac surgery. More reports and studies can further establish the anesthetic considerations that can point toward safe perioperative management of future similar cases.