Cases Of Anemia Research Articles

Asuhan Kebidanan Komprehensif Pada Ny. I Umur 32 Tahun Dengan Grande Multipara Dan Kurang Energi Kronik Di Puskesmas Bumiayu Tahun 2023

High parity pregnancies increase the risk of complications for both the mother and fetus. In the Bumiayu Community Health Center alone in 2021-2022 there were 45 cases of mother with grande multipara. To provide Comprehensive Midwifery Care service to pregnant, maternity, newborn, postpartum and family planing sevices in a comprehensif manner though a midwifery management approach according to Varney and SOAP. Based on the bacground above, the problem formulation is how to provide comprehensive midwifery care for Mrs. I aged 32 years in the Bumiayu Community Health Center, Brebes Regency in 2022. The author uses a quality descriptive research method with a case study approach. In pregnancy cases of anemia and CED were found, partus precipitatus birth accurred. As well as giving formula milk to babies and lack of personal hygiene in neonatus and the normal postpartum periode. Grande Multipara Comprehensive Midwifery Care, Presipitatus delivery, giving formula milk to babies, and lack of personal hygiene with newborn and normal postpartum bebies.

Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance.

Polymorphic molecules expressed on the surface of certain blood cells are traditionally categorized as blood groups and human platelet or neutrophil antigens. CD36 is widely considered a platelet antigen (Naka) and anti-CD36 can cause foetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in CD36-negative pregnant women. CD36 is used as a marker of differentiation in early erythroid culture. During the experimental culture of CD34+ cells from random blood donors, we observed that one individual lacked CD36. We sought to investigate this observation further and determine if CD36 fulfils the International Society of Blood Transfusion criteria for becoming a blood group. Surface markers were monitored by flow cytometry on developing cells during the erythroid culture of CD34+ cells. Genetic and flow cytometric analyses on peripheral blood cells were performed. Proteomic datasets were analysed, and clinical case reports involving anti-CD36 and foetal anaemia were scrutinized. Sequencing of CD36-cDNA identified homozygosity for c.1133G>T/p.Gly378Val in the CD36-negative donor. The minor allele frequency of rs146027667:T is 0.1% globally and results in abolished CD36 expression. CD36 has been considered absent from mature red blood cells (RBCs); however, we detected CD36 expression on RBCs and reticulocytes from 20 blood donors. By mining reticulocyte and RBC datasets, we found evidence for CD36-derived peptides enriched in the membrane fractions. Finally, our literature review revealed severe cases of foetal anaemia attributed to anti-CD36. Based on these findings, we conclude that CD36 fulfils the criteria for becoming a new blood group system and that anti-CD36 is implicated not only in FNAIT but also foetal anaemia.

Dampak Pajanan Timbal terhadap Anemia Pekerja dan Strategi Intervensi

Lead poisoning is still a major case of industrial and environmental problems in developing countries. In the last decade, several studies have been conducted on the impact of lead exposure on health, one of which is the risk of anemia in both workers and communities around exposed factories. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of lead on the risk of anemia in the work environment, and intervention strategies that can be carried out by the parties involved. This research includes a literature review obtained from a search using the PRISMA 2009 system. Of the 246 journals obtained from the first search, 20 journals were included in this research. The research results showed that factors that influence blood lead levels are environmental conditions, work area, use of PPE, worker hygiene behavior, and duration of work, either daily or long term. Anemia is one of the dominant symptoms and has an impact on work productivity. Intervention strategies for cases of anemia due to lead exposure can be carried out using the principle of hierarchy control and improving individual hygiene behavior, as well as providing additional supplements. In severe cases, chelation and alternative therapies need to be considered. Controlling the impact of lead exposure needs to be carried out by company management and requires worker participation to be protected from the effects of intoxication on health.

Migrant Pathology Screening in the Pediatric Population: A Five-Year Retrospective Study From a Level II Hospital.

The migrant population residing in Portugal has been growing. In 2015, the pediatrics department at ProfessorDoutor Fernando Fonseca Hospital,a level II hospital, implemented a screening for endemic pathologies in asymptomatic migrant children to enable their timely diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify and characterize the main findings in the migrant pathology screening. This was a retrospective and descriptive study of asymptomatic children and adolescents who underwent opportunistic screening for migrant pathology in a hospital setting between January 2016 and April 2021. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel®. A total of 256 individuals were included in the study; 53.5%(137/256) were female, with a median age of eight years and two months (minimum five months; maximum 17 years and 10 months). The majority of the participants were from Guinea-Bissau (29.7%, 76/256), Angola (19.1%, 49/256) and Cape Verde (12.1%, 31/256) and had been residents in Portugal for a median time of five months (minimum two days; maximum three years and five months). A total of 42.6% (109/256) participants did not have the Portuguese vaccination scheduleupdated. Screening was carried out in an outpatient setting in 71.9% (184/256) of individuals. A total of 38.7% (99/256) presented screening alterations, including 65 anemia cases (18 caused by iron deficiency and one by sickle cell anemia), 5 cases of tuberculosis infection and 1 case of pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 of human immunodeficiency virus infection, 3 hepatitis B virus infection cases, 20 of parasitic infections and 2 cases of female genital mutilations. The revised migrant pathology screening protocol enabled the detection of diseases with a significant impact on the health of individual children and adolescents. This protocol serves as a practical tool for accurately monitoring the health status of this population.

Comparative analysis of RADAR vs. conventional techniques for AVF maturation in patients with blood viscosity and vessel elasticity-related diseases through fluid-structure interaction modeling: Anemia, hypertension, and diabetes.

This study aims to compare two surgical techniques, the standard Vein-to-Artery and the newer Artery-to-Vein (Radial Artery Deviation And Reimplantation; RADAR), for enhancing the success of Arterio-Venous Fistula maturation in end-stage renal disease patients. The impact of diseases like anemia, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease were considered. The goals are to advance Arterio-Venous Fistula (AVF) surgery, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to evidence-based surgical guidelines. Fluid-structure interaction modeling was employed to investigate how hemodynamic and mechanical stresses impact arteriovenous fistula maturation, with a particular focus on the role of wall shear stress in determining maturation outcomes. The critical threshold for vessel injury was identified as wall shear stress values exceeding 35 N/m2, while stenosis formation was projected to occur at levels below 1 N/m2. This work introduced a novel approach by considering disease-related factors, including blood viscosity (anemia), and vessel elasticity (diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney diseases), which directly influence hemodynamics and the generation of wall shear stress. Furthermore, the model was designed to incorporate varying thicknesses and elasticities for both the vein and artery, accurately representing authentic vascular anatomy. The RADAR technique has demonstrated superior performance compared to the standard technique by providing appropriate wall shear stress in critical regions and minimizing the risk of wall damage. Its use of a thicker vessel also reduces the risk of vessel injury, making it particularly effective for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), hypertension, anemia, and diabetes, ensuring optimal blood flow and fewer complications. However, there are minor concerns about stenosis formation in hypertension and anemia cases, which could be mitigated by adjusting the anastomosis angle to be lower than 30°. Diabetes and hypertension have significant physiological effects that increase the risks associated with arteriovenous fistula maturation. The anemic condition resulting from CKD may help reduce vessel injury but raises concerns about potential stenosis formation. Despite these co-morbidities, the RADAR technique has demonstrated its ability to induce more favorable hemodynamic changes, promoting arteriovenous fistula maturation.

Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity monitoring of fetal anemia during chemotherapy in pregnancy.

Chemotherapy during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal anemia. Severe fetal anemia can lead to the development of hydrops fetalis and potentially fetal demise. Hence, it is imperative to implement consistent monitoring methods in the context of chemotherapy treatment. This study aimed to diagnose and monitor fetal anemia using middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) as a diagnostic tool during chemotherapy in pregnant women. The study employed a prospective analysis involving a case series of 15 patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy and subsequently underwent chemotherapy. MCA-PSV was used to identify fetal anemia. The patients were scheduled for ultrasound examinations of the MCA-PSV. The first examination was performed on the same day as the administration of chemotherapy, while the second occurred on the 10th day after chemotherapy. The measurement technique used in the study was based on the methodology proposed by Mari and Barr. The multiples of the median were calculated using the calculators provided by Medicina Fetal Barcelona. Based on these values anemia severity was determined. When moderate or severe anemia was identified, chemotherapy was individually modified. Additionally, a blood count analysis was conducted immediately after the delivery of the newborn. Five patients were diagnosed with fetal or newborn anemia. With MCA-PSV, we identified moderate fetal anemia in two patients and severe fetal anemia in one. The complete blood count testing of newborns revealed mild anemia in three patients. One case was unrelated to chemotherapy-induced anemia. During treatment, fetal anemia did not corelate with maternal anemia. In four cases of anemia the combination of cisplatin and iphosphamide was used as a chemotherapy agent. No anemia was observed in other drug combinations. Our findings suggest that MCA-PSV is a reliable method for identifying anemia and should be included in the treatment protocol for chemotherapy-induced fetal anemia.

Factors Associated With Hospitalization Outcomes for Cases of Anemia in Pregnancy at a Regional Level in Burkina Faso

BACKGROUND: Complications related to anemia in pregnancy are common in referral hospitals of Burkina Faso. This study aimed to analyze the hospital discharge results of cases of anemia for the mother-pregnancy entity at a regional level in Burkina Faso. METHODS: A hospital-based historical cohort study was conducted on anemia cases identified from hospital records of pregnant women admitted between 2009 and 2011 in the maternity wards of public referral hospitals of the “Cascades” region in Burkina Faso. The hospitalization result was favorable if it was satisfactory for both the mother and the pregnancy, and unfavorable in the other cases. The factors associated with unfavorable hospital discharge were identified through multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1815 cases of biological anemia in pregnancy were included in the study. The result of hospitalization for the mother-pregnancy entity was unfavorable in 42.6% of cases. The factors associated with unfavorable hospital discharge were rural residence (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.00-1.74), evacuation cases (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.48-2.60), 1st or 2nd trimester of pregnancy (OR = 2.74; 95% CI: 2.03-3.68), severe anemia (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.75-3.46), moderate anemia (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85) and poor quality of anemia prevention (OR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.62-4.88). The unfavorable hospital discharge was less frequent in women in couple (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26-0.84), in nulliparous and primiparous (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54-0.88). Age, income level, and reason for admission were not associated with the unfavorable hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: There was a high frequency of unfavorable hospital discharge of anemia cases for the mother-pregnancy entity in Burkina Faso. Multiple maternal factors were associated with these issues.

Correlation of RBC indices and RBC histogram obtained by automated hematology analyser with peripheral smear in the diagnosis of anemia

: The impact of early diagnosis and management of anemia on patient outcome has been tremendous. Although conventional microscopic examination of blood using peripheral smear is unequivocal, the advent of automated hematology analyzer has revolutionized the field of clinical hematology and its practice. This study highlights the efficiency and utility of specific parameters obtained by hematology analyzer and its comparison with peripheral smear in the diagnosis of anemia, also determines the sensitivity of the same.: 501 Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid blood samples collected at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka during one and half years from February 2021 to August 2022, were run on the Sysmex 6-part automated hematology analyzer and simultaneous peripheral smears were prepared and stained using Leishman stain based on standard operating procedures. The histogram and peripheral smear findings were noted.: Among the 501 cases, there were 269(53.7%) cases of Normocytic Normochromic Anemia in which 82.9% showed normal curve, 145(28.9%) cases of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia in which 92.4% showed shift to left, 31(6.2%) cases of Dimorphic Anemia in which 61.3% showed normal curve contrary to the expected double peak, 24(4.8%) cases of Macrocytic Anemia in which 83.3% showed shift to right, 23(4.6%) cases of Pancytopenia in which 39.1% showed normal curve and 9 cases of Normocytic Hypochromic Anemia. : The Automated hematology Analyzer provides highly valuable information with limited sample and is an essential tool in diagnosis, classification and management of anemia.

The Use Penalized Quasi Likelihood (PQL) to Estimate Multilevel Binary Logistic Model to Identify the Factors of Anemia

Multilevel logistic regression analysis is used in many fields, including health, medical, geography, social and educational, where the researchers were interested in this analysis to identify and study the nature of the relationship between the behavior of the vocabulary or units of study, and the social, environmental and economic variables in different environments in which they live and belong, and in such hierarchical data. In this research, multilevel data was used, Data were taken on anemia in children, as the dependent variable represents anemia infections (infected - uninfected) from four hospitals affiliated to the Babylon Health Department, namely (Al-Hah General Teaching Hospital - Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital (PBUH) - Marjan General Teaching Hospital - Babel Women's and Children's Hospital ) which represents the third level in the analysis and according to the type of lobby (public - private), which represents the second level. (50) cases of anemia were taken from the general ward from the general ward and (20) cases from the private ward, and from Imam al-Sadiq Hospital ( P) Peace, (75) sick cases were taken from the general ward and (20) sick cases from the private ward. From Marjan General Teaching Hospital, (30) sick cases were taken from the private ward and (20) sick cases from the general ward, and (40) sick cases were taken from the general ward and (25) sick cases from the general ward, and these sick cases represent the level Third, in the multi-level analysis, so that the total number of disease cases is (290) cases, and the independent variables that can affect anemia were taken (sex, age, weight, occupation, marital status, smoking, academic achievement, place of residence, infection with other diseases, blood pressure). That is, the first level contains (10) independent variables. The logistic analysis of the multilevel binary was carried out using the NCSS 2022 program, using the method of possibility semi-penalty. has been reached Significance of the multi-level binary logistic regression model, as the p-value = 0.0015, which is less than the level of significance 1%, and achieved a high odds ratio of (0.7767). The variables (age - occupation - smoking - blood pressure) are not significant and the variables (weight - water source - place of residence - other diseases - wealth index) are significant.

Effect of Thyroid Dysfunctions on Complete Blood Count in Almatama Town-Sudan

Background: Thyroid hormones have a crucial role in the metabolism and proliferation of blood cells. Thyroid dysfunction causes different outcomes on blood cells such as anemia, erythrocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and in rare cases causes’ pancytopenia. It also alters RBC indices including MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW. Objectives: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Almatama town during the period from September 2021 to January 2022, aimed to assess the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on blood cell count and RBC indices. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with thyroid disease (24 hyperthyroidism, 26 hypothyroidism) and 20 healthy subjects served as controls. Whole venous blood samples were collected in EDTA anticoagulant container, mixed well, transferred to the laboratory according to standard procedures to avoid contamination, and then automatically counted for complete blood counts. Results: RBCs, HB, MCV, MCHC, and MCH, had statistically insignificant results in thyroid patients when compared with the control group (P. value 0.225,0.077,0.235,0.498,0.626) respectively. In hyperthyroid RBCs, HB, PCV, MCV, and MCH were statistically insignificant (P. value 0.388,0.951,0.123,0.575,0.148) respectively, and a statistically significant MCHC (P. value 0.0020). In hypothyroid HB, PCV, and MCH were, statistically significant (P. value 0.001,0.010,0.029) respectively, RBCs, MCV, and MCHC were, statistically insignificant (P. value 0.166,0.107,0.125) respectively. Conclusions: The hematological parameters were affected by thyroid disease, In case of patients with unknown hematological dysfunctions, must be evaluated for thyroid hormones. The follow-up of patients with thyroid disorders should have the complete blood count and patients diagnosed with anemia should be considered for thyroid conditions before iron treatment. Cases of anemia that resist therapy should be investigated for the case of thyroid dysfunction.

Clinical Features in Paediatric Sickle Cell Anaemia Cases from Rajasthan, India: A Case Series.

Clinical Features in Paediatric Sickle Cell Anaemia Cases from Rajasthan, India: A Case Series.

Evaluation of Pancytopenia in Adults

Introduction: Pancytopenia, simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, is a commonclinical entity that we see in day to day practice Proper diagnostic evaluation requires detailed clinical history,physical examination and haematological assessment including careful peripheral blood smear examination andbone marrow evaluation.Materials and Methods: A total of 80 adult patients with pancytopenia/bicytopenia presenting between January2021 to January 2022 were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed clinical history and physicalexamination. Careful peripheral blood smear examination, CBC and bone marrow aspirate was done in all. Bonemarrow biopsy was done wherever feasible.Results: Megaloblastic anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia/bicytopenia making up 37.5% of allcases followed by erythroid hyperplasia (20%), aplastic anemia (10%). Haematological malignancies accounted for23.75% cases of the total. Bone marrow biopsy aided in the diagnosis of 8 cases (6 cases of aplastic anemia and twocases of dry tap) while in others it was concordant with aspiration findings.Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are an important adjunct to peripheral smear examination forevaluation of cytopenias. Bone marrow trephine biopsy is helpful in cases of dry tap. We also conclude that thereis high prevalence of megaloblastic anemia due to nutritional deficiency among young population. Hence, this agerange should be the prime target for education regarding proper dietary habits, the remediation of which mightreduce the clinical burden of megaloblastic anemia.

National and regional population attributable fractions for anemia risk factors (iron, folate, and vitamin B12) in Belize: potential impact of fortification.

To estimate the national and regional population attributable fraction (PAF) and potential number of preventable anemia cases for three nutritional risk factors (iron, red blood cell folate [RBCF], and vitamin B12 deficiencies) among women of childbearing age in Belize. A national probability-based household and micronutrient survey capturing sociodemographic and health information was conducted among 937 nonpregnant Belizean women aged 15-49 years. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin, ferritin, alpha-1-glycoprotein (AGP), RBCF, and vitamin B12 status. All analyses used sample weights and design variables to reflect a complex sample survey. Logistic regression was used to determine adjusted prevalence risk (aPR) ratios, which were then used to estimate national and regional PAF for anemia. The overall prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin <12 g/dL) was 21.2% (95% CI [18.7, 25.3]). The prevalence of anemia was significantly greater among women with iron deficiency (59.5%, 95% CI [48.7, 69.5]) compared to women without iron deficiency (15.2%, 95% CI [12.2, 18.3]; aPR 3.9, 95% CI [2.9, 5.1]). The three nutritional deficiencies examined contributed to 34.6% (95% CI [22.1, 47.1]) of the anemia cases. If all these nutritional deficiencies could be eliminated, then an estimated 5 953 (95% CI [3 807, 8 114]) anemia cases could be prevented. This study suggests that among women of child-bearing age in Belize, anemia cases might be reduced by a third if three modifiable nutritional risk factors (iron, RBCF, and vitamin B12 deficiencies) could be eliminated. Fortification is one potential strategy to improve nutritional status and reduce the burden of anemia in this population.

A Case of Immune Aplastic Anemia during Combined Treatment with Atezolizumab and Chemotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have durable antitumor effects. However, autoimmune toxicities, termed immune-related adverse events, occur in some patients. We report a case of severe immune aplastic anemia (AA) in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer who was receiving atezolizumab with bevacizumab/carboplatin/paclitaxel. Although the cancer has not recurred, his bone marrow is depleted and he did not respond to immunosuppressive therapy. He has survived for 1.5 years with blood transfusions and infection control. Immune AA associated with ICIs is rare, and a treatment has not yet been established. This case report provides information on the management and treatment response of patients with AA caused by ICIs. Further studies should investigate the mechanism and pathogenesis of immune AA caused by ICIs.

Factors Related to the Occurrence of Anemia in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients at Prof. Dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gede Ngoerah Hospital, 2020-2022

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are most commonly found to develop complications such as anemia. This complication is caused by deficiencies of erythropoietin, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. The prevalence of anemia is associated with patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR), age, gender, and erythrocyte index. Aims: The aim of this study is to report prevalence of anemia in CKD pre-dialysis patients and factors related to the incidence of anemia in CKD pre-dialysis patients at Prof. Dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gede Ngoerah Hospital in 2020-2022. Methods: This research is descriptive analytical with a cross-sectional approach by using medical record data of pre-dialysis CKD patients from the Prof. Dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gede Ngoerah Hospital which obtained a sample of 712 patients. Results: It was found that cases of anemia in pre-dialysis CKD patients were mostly found in women (75%), age group ≥65 years (73.6%), and stage IV (88.2%) and V (94.1%). Pre-dialysis CKD patients stage ≥III (stage III-V) were 1.6 times more likely to develop anemia compared to patients with stages I and II (OR 1.641, 95% CI: 1.175-2.293; p=0.004), as well as female gender 1,6 times more likely to suffer from anemia compared to male patients (OR 1.610, 95% CI: 1.138-2.277; p=0.007). Conclusion: The overview of anemia cases in CKD pre-dialysis patients were dominated by men, age group ≥65 years, and stage V. Prevalence of anemia increases when the patient is stage ≥III (stage III-V) and female. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, anemia, pre-dialysis, age, gender, stage

Diagnostic Utility of Bone Marrow Aspiration, Trephine Biopsy, and Flow Cytometry in the Evaluation of Various Haematological and Non Haematological Disorders: A Cross-sectional Study from Northern India

Introduction: The spectrum of haematological and non haematological disorders is vast in various age groups. Complete blood counts and other routine laboratory tests are not always sufficient to diagnose these diseases. Bone marrow examination plays an important role in diagnosing their underlying causes. Aim: To analyse the spectrum of various haematological and non haematological disorders reported in Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) and compare them with Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy (BMB) and Flow Cytometry (FCM) findings where applicable. Materials and Methods: A one-year cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Clinical Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India from April 2022 to March 2023. A total of 518 consecutive BMA samples were morphologically analysed. Comparative evaluations were performed among BMA, BMB, and FCM where applicable. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated, and the findings of discordant cases were tabulated. Definitive diagnosis of lymphoma/leukaemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH) cases were made using FCM. Results: The patients’ ages ranged from three months to 86 years, with a mean age of 38.4 years. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1, with a slight male predominance. The highest number of cases were of anaemia {183 (35.3%) and 164 (31.7%), respectively} and leukaemia {128 (24.7%) and 134 (25.9%), respectively}, followed by normal marrow studies {39 (7.5%) and 32 (6.2%), respectively} and megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia {24 (4.6% in each} in both BMA and biopsy. Among anaemia cases {183 and 164 cases in BMA and BMB}, the majority were of the megaloblastic type {62 (33.8%) and 54 (32.9%), respectively}, followed by hypoplastic/aplastic type {40 (21.8%) and 50 (30.5%), respectively}. In cases of leukaemia (128 and 134 cases in BMA and BMB), acute leukaemia cases (76 (59.4%) and 82 (61.2%), respectively} outnumbered chronic leukaemia cases {52 (40.6%) and 52 (38.8%), respectively} in both BMA and BMB. The concordance and discordance rate between BMA and BMB were 87.6% (419 cases) and 12.4% (59 cases), respectively. Diagnosis was exclusively made by BMB in cases of myelofibrosis, granulomatous disease, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Conclusion: BMA cytology is a relatively safe and mildly invasive technique for evaluating various haematological and non haematological disorders with better preservation of cellular morphology. However, in cases with dry/blood taps and focal marrow involvement, BMB should be performed, as it shows well-preserved marrow architecture with all its cellular and stromal components. FCM is a definitive diagnostic modality for further categorisation of acute leukaemia and Chronic Lymphoproliferative Disorders (CLPD).

Analysis of risk factors and changes in myocardial biomarker levels in 122 cases of early neonatal anemia.

Anemia in the first week after birth, which could affect growth, development, and organ function, should be an important warning sign to clinicians. The aim of this study was to assess the related risk factors of early neonatal anemia and to analyze the effect of anemia on the expression levels of myocardial markers in newborns. Clinical data from 122 confirmed cases of anemic newborns and 108 nonanemic newborns were collected to analyze the independent risk factors for early anemia using logistic regression analyses. Blood samples were collected from both groups for the detection of myocardial markers, including the protein marker cardiac troponin T (cTnT), as well as enzyme markers creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preterm birth (OR: 3.589 [1.119-11.506], p < 0.05), multiple pregnancy (OR: 4.117 [1.021-16.611], p < 0.05), and abnormal placenta (OR: 4.712 [1.077-20.625], p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for early neonatal anemia. The levels of myocardial markers, including cTnT (303.1 ± 244.7 vs. 44.2 ± 55.41 ng/L), CK-MB (6.803 ± 8.971 vs. 2.5326 ± 2.927 μkat/L), and LDH (32.42 ± 35.26 vs. 19.73 ± 17.13 μkat/L), were significantly higher in the anemic group than in the nonanemic group. Multiple pregnancy, preterm birth, and abnormal placenta were identified as risk factors for early neonatal anemia. The occurrence of early neonatal anemia was associated with increased levels of myocardial markers.

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and severe anemia in a neonate.

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage (NAH) occurs in up to 3% of infants and is the most common adrenal mass in newborns. The most common presentation of NAH is an asymptomatic palpable flank mass which resolves over time without intervention. In rare cases, NAH can present as hemorrhage, shock, or adrenal insufficiency. This case describes a preterm infant born with severe anemia in the setting of bilateral adrenal hemorrhages with resulting adrenal insufficiency. The infant was successfully treated with blood transfusions and steroids. This is a unique presentation of NAH as it was bilateral, presented with severe anemia, and resulted in prolonged adrenal insufficiency. Consider adrenal hemorrhage for cases of severe anemia at birth. Adrenal insufficiency is a rare complication of adrenal hemorrhage. Adrenal recovery can take months, if not years.

Evans Syndrome: A Rare Case of Concurrent Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia and Immune Thrombocytopenia

Immunological thrombocytopenia (ITP), immune neutropenia, and/or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) can develop concurrently or sequentially in Evans syndrome (ES), an uncommon illness. Frequent relapses, a heavy therapeutic load, and an elevated risk of infection and thrombosis are its hallmarks, all of which have a substantial impact on survival. Several illnesses, including as lymphoproliferative disorders, other systemic autoimmune diseases, and primary immunodeficiencies, can be categorized as primary or secondary to ES. The syndrome has a major influence on survival and quality of life and is frequently severe and sometimes fatal. Effective management of ES requires prompt therapy, including anti-infectious and anti-thrombotic prophylaxis.

A Case of Non-Immune Mediated Hemolysis Associated with COVID-19 Infection and Review of Literature

Background: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild symptoms to severe conditions requiring intensive care. Beyond its well-known respiratory complications, COVID-19 has been increasingly associated with various immune and hematological complications, including cases of hemolytic anemia. This report adds to the emerging evidence linking COVID-19 to hematological abnormalities, specifically nonimmune mediated hemolytic anemia (NIHA).