Cases In Pediatric Age Group Research Articles

Colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis in a 6-year-old girl – A case report and review of literature

Ganglioneuroma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare mesenchymal tumor of neural origin, especially in childhood. They are categorized into three different morphological subtypes, namely, polypoid ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuromatous polyposis (GP), and diffuse ganglioneuromatosis. Patients with ganglioneuromas have different presentations depending on the location, extent, and size of the lesion. We report here a case of colonic ganglioneuromatous polyposis, presenting as abdominal pain and chronic constipation in a 6‑year‑old girl. Although GP cases are reported in adult age group, cases in pediatric age group are rare. Only a few cases are reported in the literature of GP in the pediatric age group. Although rare, this disorder must be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis in every patient with symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation, and lower intestinal bleeding, to avoid a delayed diagnosis.

Inguinal Hernia with Incarcerated Loop of Sigmoid Colon and Impacted Hard Fecolith in an Infant: Rare Presentation

Incarcerated inguinal hernia is not an uncommon occurrence and the rate of incarceration in inguinal hernias has been variably reported between 3 and 16% with higher incidence among infants. Sigmoid colon as a content of hernia is itself an uncommon occurrence and associated impacted large and hard fecolith makes it a rare case in pediatric age group. Only single published case report could be found depicting these findings in young age group. Here we report 1-year-old child presented with 24 hours history of obstructed left-sided inguinal hernia. On exploration loop of sigmoid colon was identified with impacted fecolith.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in infant temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Since the end of December 2019, corona virus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally. Though the majority of COVID-19 cases in pediatric age group have not been critical, a novel disease named as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been emerging as the pandemic progresses. A systemic review of the literature was performed in the principle medical databases including Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar between December 2019 and March 2021. A total of 40 articles were identified in the described database. Altogether 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were eligible. The critical and severe case were more in infant age group, also the number of hospitalization was more in infant age group than other pediatric age groups. A number of case reports reflected that infants with COVID-19 positive may present with shock and sepsis. The mean age of MIS-C COVID-19 positive children was 1.1 year emphasizing the vulnerability of infant age group to this novel disease MIS-C. MIS-C is a new type of presentation of COVID-19 infection. Special emphasis should be given in infant age group with COVID-19 who are vulnerable to develop MIS-C.

CLINICO – LABORATORY PROFILE OF ENTERIC FEVER IN CHILDREN

Background: The aim of the study was to study the clinical profile, laboratory parameters of enteric fever cases in pediatric age group.
 Methods: This was a prospective study carried on Pediatric patients aged 1 to 14 years with clinically suspected enteric fever (fever for 5 days or more with no primary focus on clinical examination) and proven either by positive blood culture or Widal test with significant titre (level of both H or O antibodies of 1 in 160 dilution or more by tube method) were enrolled in the study.
 Results: The mean white blood cell (WBC) count was 8256.32±1236.12 cells/cumm. Out of 100 patients, 73(73.00%) had WBC count within the normal range (4000-11000 cells/cumm). 3(3.00%) had leucopenia, while 24(24.00%) had leucocytosis. 4(4.00%) patients had thrombocytopenia
 Conclusions: Enteric fever is major cause of febrile illness in children (especially school going). Fever with abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea were major clinical manifestations. There was 100% sensitivity to ceftriaxone, which was highly effective as monotherapy.
 Keywords: WBC, Typhoid, Clinical profile.

Etiology, Clinical Profile, Evaluation, and Management of Stridor in Children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate various causes of pediatric stridor and their management among admitted patients in last 2 y.MethodsRetrospective study of 67 stridor cases in pediatric age group (from birth to 18 y), admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) from May 2018 to April 2020 were included in the study. Data were obtained from medical records regarding age, gender, clinical presentation, and management.ResultsOut of 67 cases of pediatric stridor, 28.3% were infants, 50.7% were between 1 to 5 y, while 20.9% were between 5 to 18 y. Foreign body trachea (FB) was the most common (38.8%) cause of stridor. The commonest cause of stridor among infants was laryngomalacia (47.4%) while FB trachea (55.9%) was the commonest cause among 1 to 5 y age group. In age group between 5 to 18 y, peritonsillar abscess and bacterial tracheitis (21.4% each) were found to be the most common. Primary management with securing of airways were done in all cases. Curative treatment was provided according to the underlying pathology. Eight patients (11.9%) required tracheostomy to bypass airway obstruction. There was no mortality in the present study population.ConclusionPediatric stridor management is a teamwork between ENT surgeons, pediatricians, and anaesthetists. Management starts with suspicion from history followed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Securing airway is of utmost importance and precise management of cause is carried out later.

A Study of Burn Injury Cases in Pediatric Age Group in Vindhya Region of India

A Study of Burn Injury Cases in Pediatric Age Group in Vindhya Region of India

Linear alopecia areata versus trichotillomania: The game of time

Linear variant of alopecia areata (AA) is a rare entity posing as a diagnostic challenge owing to the ability to mimic multiple conditions ranging from trichotillomania, dermatitis artefacta to linear lupus erythematosus profundus. Awareness regarding this entity optimized with dermoscopy and histopathology examination is essential for an effective diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we describe a case of a 7-year-old female with linear AA simulating trichotillomania which we believe is the first reported case in pediatric age group in India.

Cedecea neteri Peritonitis as a Complication of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Neonate

Background: Cedecea netri is a gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Human infection caused by this organism is rare. C. neteri bacteremia has been reported in only few adult patients. Case Report: We hereby report C. neteri peritonitis in a neonate following intestinal perforation due to necrotizing enterocolitis. Conclusion: This is the first case of C. neteri reported from Saudi Arabia and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in pediatric age group. In future, this organism may assume important place among bacteria causing healthcare associated infections.

Profile of Tuberculosis in Paediatric patients

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is very important cause of infection related deaths worldwide and has been declared by WHO as a global health emergency. Around half million children fall ill with TB each year. Due to non-specific signs and symptoms TB in children may be overlooked. Aims and objectives: 1) To study the occurrence of TB in pediatric patients at tertiary care hospital KVG Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka. 2) To study the occurrence of TB in patients with and without BCG scar. 3) To study the occurrence of smear positive cases in pediatric age group. 4) To study the type of TB in pediatric patients. Material and methods: Specimens like sputum, bronchial lavage, lymph node aspirate, gastric lavage, CSF were collected depending on the site of disease. Specimens were stained by ZN staining method. Culture was done on LJ media. Tuberculin test was also done. Chest X rays of the patients were done presenting with pulmonary signs and symptoms. Result: In our study, 102 (0.98%) were positive. Age group of 5-9 years was the most commonly affected. Males (57.84%) were more affected than females (42.16%). BCG scar was found only in 20.59% cases. Smear positivity was seen in 22.89% cases. Extrapulmonary manifestations were more compared to pulmonary manifestations. Conclusion: As smear examination is negative in most of the patients, culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is important. This age group present with non-specific signs and symptoms and hence tuberculosis should always be considered as one of the differential diagnosis.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome.

The Evaluation of the Physical Child Abuse [Fiziksel Cocuk Istismarinin Incelenmesi

Child abuse is the implementation of an unacceptable behavior to child by an adult in a certain period in that culture. Generally, the child abuse and neglect is defined as any kind of behavior that impacts growth and development of the child adversely. It is seen that children exposed to abuse are mostly brought to the emergency services because of the tumbling and home accidents. Unambiguous of child abuse for being time when faced with traumatic cases in pediatric age group should be approached with suspicion. In addition, at the child protection centers in the hospitals, the medical, legal and social evaluation of the child must be carried out without distress from a single center, nothing with the recurrence story and examination of the cases with painful. Our laws articles about the child abuse and neglect are inadequate because there aren't special items connected with the child abuse and neglect in our laws. Therefore, for the prevention of child abuse, the treatment and rehabilitation of victims, the special laws connected with the subject matter should be prepared by the legislator. In this study; it was aimed to be examined the cases about abuse and neglect to investigate the medical, legal and social process, being determined the necessary of the evaluation as forensic case of suspicious child physical abuse cases.

Spinal cord glioneuronal tumor with rosetted neuropil-like islands in pediatric age group.

Glioneuronal neoplasms are rare tumors. Recently, an unusual glioneuronal tumor histologically showing neuropil-like islands has been described. Here, we present such a tumor originating from spinal cord of a 14-year-old girl, who has scoliosis and urinary incontinence. Microscopically, the glial component was chiefly fibrillary astrocytic, punctuated by neuropil-like islands. Immunohistochemically, glial tissue was GFAP positive, and neuropil-like areas and big neurons were synaptophysin reactive. For astrocytic component Ki-67 proliferation index was 1% and p53 was immunonegative. This case is unique in that in the literature it is the second reported case in pediatric age group that is located at spinal cord.

Profile of Pediatric Poisoning at District Hospital Gulbarga

Introduction: Children are curious and explore their world with all their senses, including taste. As a result, the home and its surroundings can be a dangerous place when poisonous substances are inadvertently ingested. Methods: This study was done to know the profile of poisoning cases in pediatric age group in district hospital Gulbarga. It is a retrospective study of Pediatric poisoning between August 2011 and July 2013. Results: Poisoning constituted 0.73% of all Pediatric admissions. Distribution of cases among boys and girls were equal. Majority (68%) of these cases were from rural areas. Only one case of poisoning happened by inhalation / dermal absorption during farming activity, rest 36 (97%) were by oral ingestion. Most (81%) of these poisoning happened in the home environment. Out of the 7 (19%) outdoor poisoning 6 were plant poisons, which were eaten out of curiosity by children. Pesticide was the most common poison found in the study followed by lice powder and kerosene. Nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints like vomiting (75.7%), pain abdomen (40.5%) and loose stools (21.6%) were the most common symptoms with which children with poisoning presented to hospital. Conclusions: Poisoning in children remains one of the causes of emergency admissions to hospital. It is target population regarding proper storage of potential poisonous substances away from the reach of children.

SACRAL MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA IN CHILDHOOD: A Case Report and Review of The Literature

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare malignant tumors in pediatric age group. The authors present a case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma located in the sacrum in a 10-year-old-girl that was successfully treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgical excision. According to the authors’ literature search, the patient is the first reported case of pediatric sacral primary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma cases in pediatric age group published in English literature was reviewed.