Our study aimed to determine the risk of herpes zoster reactivation and COVID-19 vaccination (mRNA vaccine [BNT162b2] and adenovirus-vectored vaccine [ChAdOx1 nCoV-19]). This retrospective study analyzed herpes zoster cases diagnosed between February 26, 2021 and June 30, 2021 and registered in the National Health Insurance Service database. A matched case-control study with a 1:3 matching ratio, and a propensity score matching (PSM) study with a 1:1 ratio of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were performed. In the matched case control analysis, BNT162b2 was associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster reactivation (first dose, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.11 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.06-1.15]; second dose, aOR: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.12-1.23]). PSM analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in risk within 18 days following any vaccination (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.09 [95% CI: 1.02-1.16]). BNT162b2 was associated with an increased risk at 18 days post-vaccination (aHR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.35-2.02]) and second dose (aHR: 1.10 [95% CI: 1.02-1.19]). However, the risk did not increase in both analysis of ChAdOx1 vaccination. mRNA COVID-19 vaccination possibly increases the risk of herpes zoster reactivation, and thus close follow-up for herpes zoster reactivation is required.