Case-based System Research Articles

Improving the planning and design phases of construction projects by using a Case-Based Digital Building System

The construction industry is known for having well-defined and systematic processes for the different phases of a project. Improvements, however, are possible with respect to how information is used in these phases and how the experience gained from previous projects is exploited. In this paper, an example of how new technologies can be used to improve the planning and design of buildings is shown. In the example, a Case-Based Digital Building System (CB-DBS) in which every building as an integrated structural system consisting of highly parameterized standard elements is used in the planning phases of projects. In the planning phases, case-based reasoning is used to identify similar completed projects that would enable faster starts of new projects. In the design phases, case-based design is used to identify similar portions of completed projects that would enable faster designs of the more detailed parts of the buildings. A proof of concept using housing projects from a design–build–operate company based in Switzerland is used to test the viability of the proposed system. It is shown that the CB-DBS enabled faster planning and design phases of new projects and improved exploitation of the knowledge gained in previous projects.

Klaim Rumah Sakit Kepada BPJS Kesehatan Berkaitan Dengan Rawat Inap Dengan Sistem INA– CBGs

This study aims to find out the hospital problem for the body organizing the health service (BPJS) with INA-GBGs system. The research method used in this research is normative law research, using a written approach (legal approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach), then after that analysis using site analysis. The database analysis base uses primary data and secondary data that allows the author of the data needed directly through the literature and the literature. The results showed that the compilation of the Ministerial Regulation no. 27 of 2014 concerning the basics of the Indonesian case base system and Permenkes No. 28 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the National Health Insurance Program. This is due to the availability of equipment for the payment of Hospital to BPJS which berorintasi on the frequency of health professions in the Hospital, through the sorting and classification of the hospital.Keywords: hospital claims, BPJS, inpatient With INA-GBGs system

Requirement elicitation techniques for an improved case based lesson planning system

Purpose This paper presents a recommendation on how one requirement elicitation technique supports the other techniques in defining system requirement for a case-based system. A case-based lesson planning system aims to assist teachers in constructing quality lesson plans through its cycle which begins with case retrieval. To retrieve relevant lesson plans, appropriate inputs should be used and the intended output needs to be identified via suitable requirement elicitation techniques. The use of a single technique might result in inadequate requirement specification, thus affecting the quality of the output requirements as well as quality of the final information system. Design/methodology/approach Requirement elicitation was carried out in three phases: phase I involved document review, phase II was an interview and phase III used a survey. Respondents of the study comprised experienced teachers as well as new teachers. This research used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to answer the research questions, which involved semi-structured interviews, document review and survey to collect the relevant data. Documents were reviewed by analysing lesson plans from three different countries. In addition, a review of lesson plans prepared by teachers and the standard syllabus were carried out. Findings from the document review were used in structured interviews using a teach-back technique, sorting and matrix of attribute-values. A questionnaire was then constructed based on the interviews and document review. Findings The findings of this initial study, as part of a larger research investigation, would help in knowledge modelling and representation. This will contribute to effective case retrieval via good design of the system input and output. The study identifies important elements of a lesson plan according to their ranking. Keywords that were used by teachers as input for retrieval were identified together with the expected output. Research limitations/implications The main goal of requirement elicitation is to specify complete and detailed requirements of the proposed system. There are two main types of requirement: functional and non-functional requirements. This paper only focuses on functional requirements – specifically case retrieval with appropriate input and output. Practical implications Various requirement engineering (RE) techniques can be applied in different phases of requirement elicitation. Suitable technique should be chosen at different phases of RE, as it is important for triangulation purposes. Incomplete RE will affect the modelling part of system development, and, thus, affect the design and implementation of an information system. Social implications Software engineer or anybody involved in system development should plan accordingly for the RE process. They should be creative and reasonable in selecting suitable RE techniques to be applied. Originality/value This study aims to gain understanding of the various aspects of lesson planning. Crucial knowledge in lesson planning that was gathered from the elicitation phase is modelled to have a good understanding of the problems and constraints among teachers. The findings of this initial study, as part of a larger research investigation, would help in knowledge modelling and representation. This will contribute to effective case retrieval via a good design of the system input and output.

Sensitivity and positive predictive value of the measles surveillance system in Uganda, 2012-2015

Introduction : disease surveillance is a critical component in the control and elimination of vaccine preventable diseases. The Uganda National Expanded Program on Immunization strives to have a sensitive surveillance system within the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) framework. We analyzed measles surveillance data to determine the effectiveness of the measles case-based surveillance system and estimate its positive predictive value in order to inform policy and practice. Methods : an IDSR alert was defined as 1 suspected measles case reported by a district in a week, through the electronic Health Management Information System. We defined an alert in the measles case-based surveillance system (CBS) as 1 suspected measles case with a blood sample collected for confirmation during the corresponding week in a particular district. Effectiveness of CBS was defined as having 80% of IDSR alerts with a blood sample collected for laboratory confirmation. Positive predictive value was defined as the proportion of measles case-patients who also had a positive measles serological result (IgM +). We reviewed case-based surveillance data with laboratory confirmation and measles surveillance data from the electronic Health Management Information System from 2012-2015. Results : a total of 6,974 suspected measles case-persons were investigated by the measles case-based surveillance between 2012 and 2015. Of these, 943 (14%) were measles specific IgM positive. The median age of measles case-persons between 2013 and 2015 was 4.0 years. Between 2013 and 2015, 72% of the IDSR alerts reported in the electronic Health Management Information System, had blood samples collected for laboratory confirmation. This was however less than the WHO recommended standard of 80%. The PPV of CBS between 2013 and 2015 was 8.6%. Conclusion : effectiveness of measles case-based surveillance was sub-optimal, while the PPV showed that true measles cases have significantly reduced in Uganda. We recommended strengthening of case-based surveillance to ensure that all suspected measles cases have blood samples collected for laboratory confirmation to improve detection and ensure elimination by 2020.

Evaluation of measles case-based surveillance system in Edo State, Nigeria, 2016

Introduction : measles is one of the leading causes of death in children despite availability of effective and accessible measles vaccine. In 2015, over 134,200 deaths were recorded globally. Measles infection is endemic in Nigeria with outbreaks recorded all year round. In Nigeria, measles surveillance is active and it involves case reporting and feedback. The objectives of measles surveillance include predicting outbreaks by identifying geographic locations and age groups at risk and evaluating vaccination strategies. We described the surveillance system, assessed the system attributes and performance indicators.

HIV in Canada-Surveillance Report, 2016.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a global public health concern, with 2.1 million people newly infected in 2015. Although many high-income countries have noted decreasing rates of HIV, between 2013 and 2015 Canada's rates had stabilized at 5.8 per 100,000 population. To provide a descriptive overview of reported cases of HIV in Canada up until 2016 by geographic location, sex, age group, exposure category and race/ethnicity, with a focus on the most recent data. The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) monitors HIV through the national HIV/AIDS Surveillance System (HASS), Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), and the Canadian Perinatal HIV Surveillance Program (CPHSP). HASS is a passive, case-based system that collates non-nominal data voluntarily submitted by all Canadian provinces and territories. Data were also received from the IRCC and the CPHSP. Data were collated, tables and figures were prepared, then descriptive statistics were applied by PHAC and validated by each province and territory. A total of 2,344 new diagnoses of HIV were reported in 2016 in Canada, with a cumulative total of 84,409 cases since 1985. The national diagnosis rate increased from 5.8 per 100,000 population in 2015 to 6.4 per 100,000 population in 2016. Saskatchewan reported the highest provincial diagnosis rate in 2016 (15.1 per 100,000 population). In 2016, 76.6% of reported HIV cases were among males. Adults aged 30-39 years old accounted for 28.7% of all reported cases. There was a similar age distribution of HIV cases between sexes with notable increases in the proportion of the 50 years and over age group over the past five years. The "men who have sex with men" exposure category continued to represent the largest number and proportion of all reported HIV cases in adults (44.1%). White (40.4%), Black (21.9%) and Indigenous (21.2%) race/ethnicity categories represented the largest proportions of cases. In 2016, Canada saw a slight increase in the number and rate of reported HIV cases compared with previous years. Although the diagnostic rate was lower than in all years prior to 2012, it is the highest of the past five years. While a number of possibilities exist to explain this increase, further investigation and additional data are needed in order to determine the cause and significance.

Digital case-based learning system in school.

With the continuing growth of multi-media learning resources, it is important to offer methods helping learners to explore and acquire relevant learning information effectively. As services that organize multi-media learning materials together to support programming learning, the digital case-based learning system is needed. In order to create a case-oriented e-learning system, this paper concentrates on the digital case study of multi-media resources and learning processes with an integrated framework. An integration of multi-media resources, testing and learning strategies recommendation as the learning unit is proposed in the digital case-based learning framework. The learning mechanism of learning guidance, multi-media materials learning and testing feedback is supported in our project. An improved personalized genetic algorithm which incorporates preference information and usage degree into the crossover and mutation process is proposed to assemble the personalized test sheet for each learner. A learning strategies recommendation solution is proposed to recommend learning strategies for learners to help them to learn. The experiments are conducted to prove that the proposed approaches are capable of constructing personalized sheets and the effectiveness of the framework.

Design and Evaluation of a Case-Based System for Modelling Exploratory Learning Behavior of Math Generalization

Exploratory learning environments (ELEs) promote a view of learning that encourages students to construct and/or explore models and observe the effects of modifying their parameters. The freedom given to learners in this exploration context leads to a variety of learner approaches for constructing models and makes modelling of learner behavior a challenging task. To address this issue, we propose a learner modelling mechanism for monitoring learners’ actions when constructing/exploring models by modelling sequences of actions reflecting different strategies in solving a task. This is based on a modified version of case-based reasoning for problems with multiple solutions. In our formulation, approaches to explore the task are represented as sequences of simple cases linked by temporal and dependency relations, which are mapped to the learners’ behavior in the system by means of appropriate similarity metrics. This paper presents the development and validation of the modelling mechanism. The model was validated in the context of an ELE for mathematical generalisation using data from classroom sessions and pedagogically-driven learning scenarios.

Stages of syphilis in South China \u2013 a multilevel analysis of early diagnosis

BackgroundEarly diagnosis of syphilis and timely treatment can effectively reduce ongoing syphilis transmission and morbidity. We examined the factors associated with the early diagnosis of syphilis to inform syphilis screening strategic planning.MethodsIn an observational study, we analyzed reported syphilis cases in Guangdong Province, China (from 2014 to mid-2015) accessed from the national case-based surveillance system. We categorized primary and secondary syphilis cases as early diagnosis and categorized latent and tertiary syphilis as delayed diagnosis. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify the factors associated with early diagnosis. We also examined the factors associated with early diagnosis at the individual and city levels in multilevel logistic regression models with cases nested by city (n = 21), adjusted for age at diagnosis and gender.ResultsAmong 83,944 diagnosed syphilis cases, 22% were early diagnoses. The city-level early diagnosis rate ranged from 7 to 46%, consistent with substantial geographic variation as shown in the multilevel model. Early diagnosis was associated with cases presenting to specialist clinics for screening, being male and attaining higher education level. Cases received syphilis testing in institutions and hospitals, and diagnosed in hospitals were less likely to be in early diagnosis. At the city-level, cases living in a city equipped with more hospitals per capita were less likely to be early diagnosis.ConclusionsTo enhance early diagnosis of syphilis, city-specific syphilis screening strategies with a mix of passive and client/provider-initiated testing might be a useful approach.

Editorial

<p>I am pleased to present Issue 6.3. Articles in this issue focus on aspects of teaching. Sara Sohr-Preston and colleagues examine the student rating of professors. In their empirical work, the authors demonstrate that there are multiple factors, some of which are not under the control of the professor, influence student ratings; this suggests that ratings should be used by faculty and administrators cautiously in any administrative decision process. David Giacalone provides results of a study showing the value of case-based scenarios and audience response systems to improve student learning. We are pleased to publish these works that further scholarship related to learning.</p><p>As we come to the last quarter of the year, I wanted to let you know that, in 2017, we are going to shift our publication strategy somewhat. We are going to reduce to two issues per year, one that publishes in June and the other in December. To ensure that articles are available throughout the year, we will begin publishing on a rolling basis. This means that once we receive a manuscript, and it is accepted for publication, it will be published online right away. Published articles will then be collected and put into an issue twice each year. We hope that this, along with our goal to continue to reduce the time to publication, will allow you to showcase your work right away to the larger academic and professional communities.</p><p> </p><p>We thank you for your readership of the Higher Learning Research Communications journal and encourage you to consider our journal for your publication needs.</p>

Enhancing student learning with case-based teaching and audience response systems in an interdisciplinary Food Science course

<p class="abstract">A growing body of research in higher education suggests that teachers should move away from traditional lecturing towards more active and student-focus education approaches. Several classroom techniques are available to engage students and achieve more effective teaching and better learning experiences. The purpose of this paper is to share an example of how two of them – case-based teaching, and the use of response technologies – were implemented into a graduate-level food science course. The paper focuses in particular on teaching sensory science and sensometrics, including several concrete examples used during the course, and discussing in each case some of the observed outcomes.</p><p class="abstract">Overall, it was observed that the particular initiatives were effective in engaging student participation and promoting a more active way of learning. Case-base teaching provided students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge and their analytical skills to complex, real-life scenarios relevant to the subject matter. The use of audience response systems further facilitated class discussion, and was extremely well received by the students, providing a more enjoyable classroom experience.</p>

Study of medical device innovation design strategy based on demand analysis and process case base

Process innovation is of very great significance for a medical device enterprise to improve its ability to solve problems, lower cost and enhance patients' comfort. In order to inspire designers to realize innovation design based on the actual conditions of the medical device enterprise, this paper has proposed a concept of process innovation design oriented Web-based process case base system model based on demand mining and conversion. The system conducts demand mining based on product enterprise competitiveness model and features of existence-presentation model, utilizes TQCSE and 5W2H1E analysis approaches to assist the medical device designers in locking demands, taking QFD iterative construction as an example, constructs a demand conversion model featuring transition from engineering features to process features, takes innovative methods as logic mainline, and utilizes browser/sever to erect process case search and exhibition models through realization technique and application flow. This paper has demonstrated case base backstage realization and management methods, showcased system interface and demonstrated its effectiveness in process design based on actual medical device cases.

A Case-based Management System for Secure Software Development Using Software Security Knowledge

Abstract In recent years, importance on software security technologies has been recognized and various types of technologies have been developed. On the other hand, in spite of recognition of necessity of providing cases that deal with full life cycle for secure software development, only few are reported. This paper describes a case-based management system (CBMS) that consists of an artifact management system and a knowledge-based management system (KBMS) to manage cases for secure software development. The former manages the artifacts created in secure software life cycle. The latter manages software security knowledge. The case-based management system also manages association between artifacts and software security knowledge and supports both visualization among software security knowledge and between artifacts and software security knowledge. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the system. We describe the effectiveness and future work of the system.

Software Development for IT Service Help Desk

Due to the importance of high-quality customer service, many companies use intelligent helpdesk systems (e.g., case-based systems) to improve customer service quality. IT Service Help Desk offers a set of best practices for managing IT services and is one of the most widely accepted approaches to IT service management in the world. Recently, more and more enterprises implemented a centralized IT service management model based on the ITIL framework. Organizations should take proper measures in building a mature Service Desk to ensure successful implementation of IT Service Help Desk. This software will be established in a network to every employee having its access (authorization) in IT department for the IT related services provided to employees.

Research and development of process innovation design oriented web-based process case base system

Process innovation is very significant for an enterprise to lower cost, improve product quality and win competitive advantage. In order to inspire designers to realize innovation design, this paper has proposed a concept of process innovation design regarding Web process case base system model. To be specific, it constructs system mainline through the realization of technique and application flow, determines system architecture by combining process case base and cognition method and establishes links among principles, innovation approaches and process cases on this basis. The process case prototype system is established under the model of browser/server, and 5 kinds of search models, i.e. processing methods, processing focus, design depth, innovation approaches and user-defined model are integrated. This paper has demonstrated case base backstage realization and management methods, showcased system interface and demonstrated its effectiveness in process design based on actual cases.

Hybridizing Principles of the ELECTRE III Method with Case-Based Reasoning for a Travel Advisory System: Case Study of Thailand

Despite case-based reasoning (CBR) being one of the collaborative filtering approaches for a travel advisory system, the application of CBR to travel and tourism is still in a very early stage. Although some researches define a similarity function in CBR by using outranking relationship, there is a lack of research on how and why to combine outranking relationship with CBR. In this research, we address how to combine outranking relationship in the ELECTRE III with CBR for a case-based travel advisory system. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid model, the hybrid model is compared to the situation where the non-hybrid model was applied. In travel advisory mining, data were collected from travelers on the Chachoengsao province. Empirical results show that the hybrid model offers significantly better ranking performance than the CBR model derived from Euclidean metric.

A country-wide field evaluation of rapid diagnostic test for meningococcal meningitis

We comment on a unique country-wide scale field evaluation of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for meningococcal meningitis in Niger. The authors reported the good sensitivity and specificity of the test, and the reliability of results obtained in the field by non-specialized health staff. This finding allows us to consider RDT as a good candidate laboratory tool to be used for the case-based surveillance system, post introduction of the new conjugate A vaccine (MenAfriVac) in the African meningitis belt countries. In addition, RDT is also a potential point of care test to improve the management of meningitis patients.

Epidemiology of rubella disease in south-west nigeria: trends and projection from measles case-based surveillance data

Although surveillance for rubella does not exist in Nigeria, a measles case-based surveillance system was introduced in 2005 as one of the strategies for measles morbidity control, and included laboratory testing for confirmation of the disease. In this report, we provide the epidemiological distribution of rubella-confirmed cases reported from the south-west zone of the country, and predict the expected number of cases in the ensuing years. A descriptive analysis was carried out of rubella cases reported in the measles case-based surveillance data from the south-west zone of Nigeria for the period 2007-2012. Using an additive time series model, we predicted the expected number of cases until the year 2015. Four hundred and thirty-eight (5.4%) rubella cases were confirmed from 8 046 suspected measles cases. Cases were confirmed from all six states within the zone. The majority (87.3%) were individuals < 15 years of age and 40.9% were female. Seasonal variation existed, with peaks of infection in the first and third triannual periods of the year, while annual trends showed peaks in 2007 and 2010. Based on projections, there was a reduction in the number of expected cases. Rubella testing, in parallel with measles case-based surveillance, provides understanding of the epidemiology of rubella infection in south-west Nigeria.

Case Representation and Organization Studies on Case-Based Reasoning Maintenance Resources Requirement Analysis

To improve the efficiency of planning maintenance resources requirement, the artificial intelligent (AI) technology, especially Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is applied into maintenance resources requirement analysis process, the process is introduced, and the critical techniques of which, such as case representation and organization etc, are discussed in detail, according to the case characteristics, analyzed the cases main ingredient, cases representation and organization which is based on Relation Database and Object Oriented are detailed discussed, the development of case-based maintenance resources requirement analysis prototype system proved the validity of the technique, formed the foundation for the case-based maintenance resources requirement analysis system perfection.

An Integrated Textual Case-Based System

Textual Case-Based Reasoning as a problem solving approach allows knowledge source to be integrated with a view to improving the effectiveness of the system during retrieval. The earlier proposed Textual Case-based System depends on statistical similarity alone and most of the time does not retrieve the solution to the problem even if it exists. In this paper, the WordNet is being integrated to the developed Textual Case-Based Mobile Phone Diagnosis Support system in order to take the synonyms similarity of the problem terms into account while diagnosing a given problem. Thus, the integration will makes the system not to depend on statistical similarity alone but rather take synonyms similarity of the problem term into consideration. The result of the experimental evaluationusing some set of problems has demonstrated that retrieval by incorporating WordNet works better since it diagnosed 95% of the problems with relevant solutions than the retrieval without WordNet which diagnosed 75% of the problems with relevant solutions.Keywords: Textual Case-Based Reasoning, jColibri, WordNet