Cartoon Movie Research Articles

The effects of gain- and loss-framed nutritional messages on children's healthy eating behaviour.

Despite extensive research on framing effects in public health communication, there is still a lack of knowledge on how gain frames v. loss frames can encourage healthy eating behaviour among children. Drawing on the Prospect Theory as well as on the Reactivity of Embedded Food Cues in Advertising Model, an experiment exposed children to an audio-visual cartoon movie with gain-framed nutritional messages about eating fruit (gain condition), loss-framed nutritional messages about eating fruit (loss condition) or a message without any food (control group). Children's fruit intake was measured as the dependent variable. Children's awareness of gain- and loss-framed arguments was treated as mediators, while children's age and parents' self-reported food-related mediation styles were modelled as moderators. Vienna, Austria, in 2018. Children aged 6-10 years (N 161). Children in the gain frame group were more aware of gain-framed arguments, and children in the loss frame group were more aware of loss-framed arguments than those in the control group. However, only the mediator awareness of gain-framed arguments increased fruit intake. Additionally, there was a direct effect of the gain-framed message on fruit intake compared to the control group. The loss condition did not reveal such an effect. Neither parent's food-related mediation styles nor children's age moderated those results. Gain-framing seems to be more effective in influencing children's healthy food choices compared to loss-framing. Implications for health communication strategies aimed at children are discussed.

Ha van Bicska Maxi, miért nincs Égjáró Lukács?

The study offers a review of the strategies employed in the translation of charactonyms from literary works, comic books, and live-action, puppet, and cartoon movies written in foreign languages in Hungarian literary translations, subtitles, and dubbed texts. The approximately 300 names in the corpus are organised according to the categories set out by J. Soltész: signalling names (names with obscure etymologies) and word names (names with discernible origins). These can come into contact in four ways: (1) signalling name → signalling name, (2) signalling name → word name, (3) word name → signalling name, and (4) word name → word name. Based on the analysis of these types, translators perform about 20 different operations, from preserving names unaltered to the literal translation of names. Some of these methods can be classified into several groups. Thus, future research should compare the results with the typology outlined by Vermes, and research should be extended to translations with Hungarian as a source language.

Transitivity Process in Frozen Movie: A Study of Systemic Functional Grammar

This study aims to discover the transitivity process types in Frozen movie and to discover the dominant types of process used in Frozen movie. This study is conducted by using qualitative descriptive method and using the content analysis approach. The data is classified as documentation since the data were written document which using the transcript of the film. The film was the cartoon movie genre entitled Frozen that was released in 2013. The transcript was downloaded from https://www.raindance.org/scripts/Frozen.pdf. The theory used in this study was the theory proposed by Martin, Matthiessen, and Painter, 1997. In analyzing the data, Gay, Mills, and Airasian, (2012) method was used to analyze the data. As a result of analysis, it was found that the types of transitivity process were available in Frozen movie. Transitivity processes types that were found in this movie were material process, mental process, relational process, verbal process, behavioural process and existential process. Moreover, there are 149 clauses that indicated material process, 148 clauses that indicated mental process, 68 clauses that indicated relational process, 22 clauses that indicated verbal process, 53 clauses that indicated behavioural process, 9 clauses that indicated existential process that was found Frozen movie. Thus, it can be assumed that the dominant types of process found in Frozen movie was material process, the second is mental process, the third is relational process, the fourth is behavioural process, the fifth is verbal process and the last is existential process.

PENGARUH AUDIOVISUAL MENONTON FILM KARTUN TERHADAP TINGKAT KECEMASAN SAAT PROSEDUR INJEKSI PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH

Abstract :Among preschoolers, illness is a scary thing. Children have limitations in coping mechanisms to overcome the crisis. Audiovisual intervention in watching cartoons is a distraction technique to reduce anxiety in children. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of audiovisual cartoon movie on anxiety levels during injection procedures in preschool children. The design of this study was using Pre-experimental pretest and posttest one group design. The research collecting the data using purposive sampling technique on 28 respondents. Independent variable audiovisual watching cartoons, while dependent variable is anxiety level. The instrument used is SOP and HAR-S anxiety scale. Statistical tests using the Paired Sample T-Test, with significance p <0.05. From the results of the statistical analysis, the sig value was obtained (p = 0.001, t=11.71) which means an audiovisual intervention by on watching cartoons movie was effective to reduce anxiety levels during the injection procedure in preschool children. We suggest that audiovisual intervention by watching cartoons movie can be applied as one of the nursing interventions to reduce anxiety during injection procedures in preschool children.
 
 Keywords: Anxiety, Audiovisual, Injection Procedure, Preschool Children

Quantifying the individual auditory and visual brain response in 7-month-old infants watching a brief cartoon movie

Electroencephalography (EEG) continues to be the most popular method to investigate cognitive brain mechanisms in young children and infants. Most infant studies rely on the well-established and easy-to-use event-related brain potential (ERP). As a severe disadvantage, ERP computation requires a large number of repetitions of items from the same stimulus-category, compromising both ERPs’ reliability and their ecological validity in infant research. We here explore a way to investigate infant continuous EEG responses to an ongoing, engaging signal (i.e., “neural tracking”) by using multivariate temporal response functions (mTRFs), an approach increasingly popular in adult EEG research. N = 52 infants watched a 5-min episode of an age-appropriate cartoon while the EEG signal was recorded. We estimated and validated forward encoding models of auditory-envelope and visual-motion features. We compared individual and group-based (‘generic’) models of the infant brain response to comparison data from N = 28 adults. The generic model yielded clearly defined response functions for both, the auditory and the motion regressor. Importantly, this response profile was present also on an individual level, albeit with lower precision of the estimate but above-chance predictive accuracy for the modelled individual brain responses. In sum, we demonstrate that mTRFs are a feasible way of analyzing continuous EEG responses in infants. We observe robust response estimates both across and within participants from only 5 min of recorded EEG signal. Our results open ways for incorporating more engaging and more ecologically valid stimulus materials when probing cognitive, perceptual, and affective processes in infants and young children.

AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIMODAL IN BEAUTY PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS

AbstractMulitimodal is a study that analyzes the meaning of text containing two or more semiotic systems; linguistic, visual, audio, gesture and place. Analyzing multimodal through semiotic approach has been used in the analysis of cover magazine (Gill, 2015), mascara advertisement (Baykal, 2016), cartoon movie (Wulan, 2017), and music video (Brady, 2015). Meanwhile, in this research the writer analyzes multimodal in beauty product advertisement especially lipstick product. This research is intended to, 1) investigate how verbal and visual elements conveyed meanings in both Wardah Lip Cream Matte Lipsticks and Purbasari Hi Matte Lip Cream advertisements. 2) find the comparison between verbal and visual elements used in Wardah Exclusive Matte Lip Cream and Purbasari Hi Matte Lip Cream advertisements. This research used descriptive qualitative method. Based on the data of analysis, it reveals that the visual and verbal processes of these advertisements are in harmony and they complement each other to give a complete message to the audience. The analysis also reveals the similarities of these two advertisements in the three level of metafunctions. In ideational metafunction the most dominant processes used are material and attributive processes, for interpersonal metafunction the most dominant mood used is declarative and for textual metafunction the most dominant theme used is unmarked topical theme.Keywords: Advertisement, beauty product, multimodal analysis, verbal element, visual element.

The Impact of 3 Different Distraction Techniques on the Pain and Anxiety Levels of Children During Venipuncture

Invasive procedures are important causes of pain and anxiety during hospitalization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3 different distraction methods on the pain and anxiety levels of children during venipuncture. This was a randomized controlled trial conducted with 180 children of 6 to 10 years of age; data were collected in the months of August to November 2016. Participants were randomized in 4 groups; the children in group 1 watched cartoon movies (CM), the children in group 2 played video games (VG), the children in group 3 were distracted by their parents' verbal interactions (PI), whereas no distraction method was used on the children in group 4 (control group). The levels of anxiety and pain perception were evaluated independently based on the feedback from the children, the nurse observer, and the parents. The Children Fear Scale was used to evaluate anxiety levels and the Wong-Baker Pain Scale was used to evaluate the pain levels of the children. The difference between the groups based on both the anxiety levels and pain scores during venipuncture was statistically significant (P<0.05). The lowest level of anxiety and pain perception was reported in the VG group. The scores observed both in the CM group and the PI group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The distraction techniques of playing VG, watching CM, and PI appear to be effective in reducing anxiety and pain perception in children during the procedure of venipuncture. The most effective method was playing VG.

Apology Strategy Used by the Characters in Four Cartoon Movies

This article discusses apology expressions in four cartoon movies. The goals are to describe the strategy of apology and explain how the utterances of apologies are affected by familiarity. The research collected the data from dialogues that consist of apology in Monsters University, Frozen, Mulan, and Mulan II. In analyzing the data, it followed five steps: (1) finding and understanding the context of the utterances of the apology expression in order to understand the speaker’s utterances; (2) identifying and describing the utterances based on the category of apology strategy; (3) analyzing the data based on the theory of apology strategy by Olshtain &amp; Cohen; (4) analyzing the use of apology influence by familiarity; (5) making conclusion based on the results of the data analysis.The results show that two apology strategies, an expression of an apology and an explanation or account of the situation, dominate the ranks. They are then followed by an acknowledgment of responsibility, and an offer of repair, and a promise of forbearance. Meanwhile, the relation between the speakers also influence the use of apology.

The Effect of Romantic Cartoon Movie to Children Under Age Growing (Study on the Implication of Movie)

The purpose of the writing is to find out the effect in watching romantic movie to the children under age growing and the way to handle the problem which categorized dangerous in case the children mingle tightly with any types of gadgets and get the computer lesson from school. This process uses qualitative approach. The data is taken based on the data from books, article or information from newspaper that uses six steps. There are organizing and preparing, reading, coding, describing, advancing and evaluating. The meaning of learning theoretically and practically is expected that the result of the learning can give contribution to special department such as ICPD (Indonesian children protection department) or in Indonesian it is called KPAI. Beside that, it is expected that the result can help the reader or learner in learning the way in handling problems related to the children under age growing. In this part, it is determined not to reveal the flaws or talk about people’s mistakes but it tends to the handling process of children under age in modern area.Keywords : Cartoon Movie, Romantic, Children Under Age, Soul Growing, Effect

English Development as a Second Language in Relation with TV Exposure

The aims of this study are to know the role of young learner’s parents in choosing good and educating television program for their child, and to describe the effects of TV exposure in their child’s English language development. A five-year-old young learner who lives in Denpasar was observed in 2017. The data were collected by giving a questionnaire to the young learner’s parents in order to get the description of the effects of the television programs to her language development. As it is a following research of the previous research on English vocabulary acquisition, the results of the observation of the young learner and the interview with her parents that have already been done are used to support the analysis of this small research. The collected data were analysed descriptively based on approaches from Barr, et.al. (2010), Christakis (2009), and March (2004) about English language acquisition and language development of young children. The results show that the young learner’s parents have the important role in choosing good and educating television program for her. It can be seen from the choices of cartoon movies as one of the television programs that is educating as well as entertaining for a child in her age, the intensive accompaniment when she was watching the movies, the limitation of television watching time, and also the parents’ assistance in order to help her understand the stories and vocabulary meanings. It is true that good content, context, and the amount of daily TV viewing time as well as parental assistance will be beneficial for the young learner’s second language development in informal learning situation. The effectiveness of watching cartoon movies has led her to gain the positive second language development in her bilingual condition, although English code-switching in Indonesian sentences sometimes occur.&#x0D; Keywords: SLA, English, language development, TV exposure, cartoon movies

Behavioral management using sequenced treatment paradigm and audiovisual distraction during dental treatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective:The present study aimed to assess behavioral management using sequenced treatment approach and audiovisual distraction (AVD) with/without video eyewear during dental procedure in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Materials and Methods:This clinical trial included 31 children (n = 21 boys; n = 10 girls), aged between 6.5 and 8.1 years, distributed into Group A (n = 17, children not on ADHD medication) and Group B (n = 14, children taking medication for ADHD symptoms). The study involved four sessions, 1 week apart. Sessions I and II included behavioral management assessment and dental screening, respectively, while participants watched cartoon movie using an AV distracter with/without a video eyewear. During Sessions III and IV, dental prophylaxis and sealants were placed on first permanent molars, respectively, for both upper and lower jaws in both the groups. During the procedure, children were distracted with AV distracter with/without a video eyewear, and the mean changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulse rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t-test was used, assessing for significant changes in pulse rate and SaO2 during each visit in both groups.Results:Almost 95% (n = 113) of the first permanent molars showed signs of pit and fissure demineralization of varying severities, classified as the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-codes 1–3. During Session IV, there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.03 and P ≤ 0.05) in mean pulse rate in both groups of children, respectively, during fissure sealants or preventive resin restoration application on their permanent molars while being distracted using AVD with video eyewear.Conclusion:Our study recommends splitting of dental visits into multiple short sessions and video eyewear distraction for optimum behavioral management during dental procedures of children with ADHD.

TEACHING VOCABULARY USING CARTOON MOVIE

The aim of this research is to know whether or not Cartoon Movie is effective in teaching vocabulary at the fifth grade students of SDN Bunklotok Batujai Lombok Tengah. The research is conducted for one month at the first semester year students of SDN Bunklotok Batujai Lombok Tengah. During the period of time, the sample is treated by using Cartoon Movie. The result of the research reveals that mean score of post-test is (15.93) higher than pre-test is (8.31). On the other hand, the standard deviation of posttest is (3.305) higher than pre-test is (2.523) under the identification of t-test formula, it is found that the value of it is 10.820 higher than t-table is (2.048), with the degree of freedom (df) was 29-1=28 for confidence level of 0.05% or 95%. From this point, it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis is accepted stating that Cartoon Movie is effective in teaching English vocabulary for the fifth grade students of SDN Bunklotok Batujai Lombok Tengah.

A treat for the eyes. An eye-tracking study on children's attention to unhealthy and healthy food cues in media content

Based on cue reactivity theory, food cues embedded in media content can lead to physiological and psychological responses in children. Research suggests that unhealthy food cues are represented more extensively and interactively in children's media environments than healthy ones. However, it is not clear to this date whether children react differently to unhealthy compared to healthy food cues. In an experimental study with 56 children (55.4% girls; Mage = 8.00, SD = 1.58), we used eye-tracking to determine children's attention to unhealthy and healthy food cues embedded in a narrative cartoon movie. Besides varying the food type (i.e., healthy vs. unhealthy), we also manipulated the integration levels of food cues with characters (i.e., level of food integration; no interaction vs. handling vs. consumption), and we assessed children's individual susceptibility factors by measuring the impact of their hunger level. Our results indicated that unhealthy food cues attract children's visual attention to a larger extent than healthy cues. However, their initial visual interest did not differ between unhealthy and healthy food cues. Furthermore, an increase in the level of food integration led to an increase in visual attention. Our findings showed no moderating impact of hunger. We conclude that especially unhealthy food cues with an interactive connection trigger cue reactivity in children.

Behavioral interventions for reducing head motion during MRI scans in children

A major limitation to structural and functional MRI (fMRI) scans is their susceptibility to head motion artifacts. Even submillimeter movements can systematically distort functional connectivity, morphometric, and diffusion imaging results. In patient care, sedation is often used to minimize head motion, but it incurs increased costs and risks. In research settings, sedation is typically not an ethical option. Therefore, safe methods that reduce head motion are critical for improving MRI quality, especially in high movement individuals such as children and neuropsychiatric patients. We investigated the effects of (1) viewing movies and (2) receiving real-time visual feedback about head movement in 24 children (5–15 years old). Children completed fMRI scans during which they viewed a fixation cross (i.e., rest) or a cartoon movie clip, and during some of the scans they also received real-time visual feedback about head motion. Head motion was significantly reduced during movie watching compared to rest and when receiving feedback compared to receiving no feedback. However, these results depended on age, such that the effects were largely driven by the younger children. Children older than 10 years showed no significant benefit. We also found that viewing movies significantly altered the functional connectivity of fMRI data, suggesting that fMRI scans during movies cannot be equated to standard resting-state fMRI scans. The implications of these results are twofold: (1) given the reduction in head motion with behavioral interventions, these methods should be tried first for all clinical and structural MRIs in lieu of sedation; and (2) for fMRI research scans, these methods can reduce head motion in certain groups, but investigators must keep in mind the effects on functional MRI data.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA FILM KARTUN BERBAHASA JAWA UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN BERDIALOG SISWA KELAS X SMA DI BANYUMAS

This purpose of this research aims to develop the media dialouge using wangsalan/parikan by utilizing the Javanese cartoon move as the mdia in accordance with Javanese manners. The study design is Research and Development (R&D). The research used questionnaire of teacher and action test. The analysis of data is using qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of dvelopment Javanese cartoon movie as a media is adequate, effective, and material has also been good.

Ocular Focusing Behavior of the One-Eyed Child.

To compare the accommodative gain and pupil miosis of children with only one functional eye with the binocular and monocular accommodative and pupil responses of typically developing age-matched controls. Forty-one uniocular cases and 43 controls (3-14 years for both cohorts) watched a cartoon movie on an LCD screen that ramped between 90 and 30 cm, with a stable period of 4 seconds at both viewing distances. Cases performed the task with their only functional eye whereas controls performed the task binocularly and monocularly. A subset of subjects also repeated the task while reading 20/40-sized letters on the LCD screen. Accommodative and pupil responses were recorded using the Plusoptix PowerRef3 photorefractor. Accommodative gain of cases [median (25th-75th IQR): 0.73 (0.60-0.85)] was larger than the monocular gain of controls [0.56 (0.47-0.79)] (P = .03). Both responses were lower than the binocular gain of controls [0.95 (0.81-1.11)] (P < .001). Uniocular pupil miosis of cases [0.14 mm (0.06-0.24 mm)] were similar to monocular [0.12 mm (0.05-0.29 mm)] (P = .69) and smaller than binocular [0.23 mm (0.14-0.34 mm)] (P < .001) responses of controls. The increase in accommodative gain from movie watching to reading was significant only for controls (P = .02) but not for cases (P = .15). Age and time of visual deficit were poorly correlated with accommodative gain and pupil miosis of cases (r ≤ 0.25; P ≥ .1 for all). Age was also poorly correlated with the binocular and monocular accommodative and pupil performance of controls (r ≤ -0.3; P = .33). The accommodative gain of children with permanent loss of binocularity is in between the binocular and monocular gains of typically developing children. Their accommodative gains do not show any significant increase with a cognitively demanding task even while such a behavior is observed in controls. Pupil responses of uniocular children are similar to the monocular responses of age-matched controls.

Effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual (AV) distraction in behavior modification during dental caries assessment and sealant placement in children with autism spectrum disorder. This study was conducted on 28 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, aged 6.5-9.8 years. Children underwent one introductory (desensitization) appointment and three treatment sessions. During the introductory session, children had the procedures explained to them, they watched a movie projected on a screen while oral screening and assessment of cooperation level were carried out. In treatment session I, oral examination, charting, and dental x-rays were undertaken, whereas the children watched movies with or without video eyewear. During treatment sessions II/III, dental prophylaxis was carried out on upper and lower jaws in addition to the application of dental sealants on the right upper and lower and the left upper and lower permanent molars, respectively, while the children were distracted by cartoon movies using video eyewear. Changes in pulse oximeter and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Independent samples t-test was used to assess the significance of changes in pulse and O2 saturation levels during each visit. International Caries Detection and Assessment System-code 2 was found to be the most prevalent (n = 58; 52%). A significant difference (P < 0.02) was observed in mean heart rate during dental screening of the upper and lower jaws with and without video eyewear. A decrease was observed in the mean heart rate during subsequent treatment sessions. Initial desensitization appointment and "tell-show-do" approach, followed by short and positive treatment sessions, assisted in gaining cooperation and improving behavior in the subjects. Video eyewear distraction proved an effective tool in managing children with autism spectrum disorder during noninvasive preventive dental procedures.

Effectiveness of Cartoon Movie as a Distraction Strategy on Behavioural Response to Pain among Toddlers(1–3 years) receiving Immunization in Selected Immunization Clinics, Mangalore

Effectiveness of Cartoon Movie as a Distraction Strategy on Behavioural Response to Pain among Toddlers(1–3 years) receiving Immunization in Selected Immunization Clinics, Mangalore

Effectiveness of Two Topical Anaesthetic Agents used along with Audio Visual Aids in Paediatric Dental Patients.

Topical anaesthetic agents enable pain free intraoral procedures, symptomatic pain relief for toothache, superficial mucosal lesions and pain related to post extraction time. Most common anxiety provoking and fearful experience for children in dental operatory is administration of local anaesthesia because on seeing the needle, children usually become uncooperative. One of recent trend of behaviour management technique is using non-aversive techniques out of which audiovisual distraction has emerged as a very successful technique for managing children in dental settings. Audio visual distraction could decrease the procedure related anxiety of patients undergoing dental treatment and can be very relaxing for highly anxious patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of topical anaesthetics EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics) cream and benzocaine (20%) gel in reducing the pain during the needle insertion with and without the use of Audio Visual (AV) aids. The study was conducted on 120 children, the age range of 3-14 years attending the outpatient department for their treatment. EMLA and benzocaine gel (20%) were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing the pain on needle insertion during local anaesthesia administration. Based on the inclusion and the exclusion criteria, children requiring local anaesthesia for the dental treatment were randomly divided into four equal groups of 30 children based upon whether AV aids were used or not. AV aids were given using Sony Vaio laptop with earphones with nursery rhymes and cartoon movies DVD. The pain assessment was done by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale and measurement of the physiological responses of pulse rate and oxygen saturation were done by pulse oximeter. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean pain score, pulse rate and mean oxygen saturation rate when it was compared between the four groups. EMLA with AV aids was found to be a better topical anaesthestic agent as compared to other three groups. EMLA with AV aids was better when compared with EMLA without AV aids followed by benzocaine with AV aids. Benzocaine topical anaesthetic agent without AV aids was least effective in reducing the pain scores and improving the oxygen saturation rate.

Expertos animados por el cine. El cine como herramienta educativa

This article has been prepared based on the research “Pedagogical Perception of Cartoons: The Case of Primary School Teachers in State Schools in Metropolitan Lima”. This research has been carried out within the framework of activities performed by the Scientific Research Institute of the University of Lima during the 2014-2015 period; its first part was presented in the city of Medellin at the XV Latin American Meeting of Faculties of Social Communication 2015 (FELAFACS, by its acronym in Spanish). This research is done as a response to the concern of knowing how the characteristics of two proposals of cartoon movies, culturally and aesthetically different, are perceived by some intellectuals from the perspective of their specialties and educational communication field.