Cartographic Software Research Articles

Geocognitive mapping technology

The author of the article considers the need to develop a new direction in cartography due to the fact that human civilization has reached the threshold of a fundamentally new era of the existence of the economy and society — the era of knowledge. Adoption of effective management and project decisions in such areas as spatial (territorial) development of the Russian Federation, ensuring the defense and security of the country, cadastral registration of real estate objects, preservation of objects of historical and cultural heritage, environmental protection, use of natural resources, development of the domestic tourism industry, the design and construction of buildings and structures, science, education, etc., is impossible without the creation of modern cartographic software. The article discusses the process of creating and using cartographic products containing geospatial knowledge. The approach of thematic mapping considered by the author on the basis of geospatial knowledge of certain subject areas is presented by a set-theoretic description. The process of geocognitive mapping is represented by a technological scheme. A feature of the geocognitive mapping process is the use in the combination of professional knowledge in the fields of thematic cartography and each of the subject areas to be represented in thematic geospatial models and maps. On the basis of the above studies, the following methodological principle of mapping based on geoscience can be formulated: geospatial knowledge displayed on the map about a particular subject area is a set of information about the objects of this subject area, their properties and the relationships connecting them, the processes taking place in this subject area, as well as methods of analysis emerging situations and ways of solving certain problems this subject area by developing spatial solutions.

Региональные особенности миграции молодежи в России

In the article, based on the statistical data of Rosstat, a spatial analysis of the poorly studied modern youth migration in Russia at the level of its regions is considered. The key research methods are cartographic and geoinformational. For the construction of cartograms, the QGIS geoinformation system was used, which allows to process large amounts of information, create databases, and perform high-quality evaluation and analytical studies. The spatial database within the framework of the work is designed to collect, organize, store and update data on youth migration in Russia. There have been constructed several background cartograms that reflect the regional features of the migration mobility of young people in Russia for the first time. To build these cartograms, the coefficients of migration growth, arrival and departure of young people for 2017–2019 and 2020–2021 were calculated (taking into account the number of young people from 14 to 29 years old), as well as grouping the values into four groups of different intensity (ultra-high, high, medium and low). To determine the reasons for the migration of young people, the map “Share of youth in the population of Russian regions in 2020” was also developed. The main trend of recent years is the growth in the number of Russian regions with a migration increase of young people (up to 74 %), which has a beneficial effect on the sustainability of the demographic development of the state and its regions. This trend has intensified during the covid-19 pandemic. The concentration of young people is observed in the most successful regions of Russia in socio-economic terms. A quarter of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by a migration loss of young people, which has a negative effect on the demographic development of the territories. The developed cartographic software made it possible to correctly visualize the regional features of youth migration in Russia.

Application of geoinformation technologies for organizing passenger traffic at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning

The subject of research is the development of a method for constructing WEB-services based on cartographic models of airports for organizing passenger flows in conditions of quarantine zoning. The object of the research is the process of managing passenger flows at airports. The objective of the work is to improve the organization of passenger traffic at airports under quarantine conditions with the use of WEB-services based on cartographic models of airport buildings. Conclusions. Using the analysis results of the world's airports activities over the past five years, a steady trend has been revealed towards an increase of the number of flights, and, consequently, growth of the passenger traffic at airports. Also forecasts of air traffic development trends in Europe in the next five years are analyzed, which indicate the direction towards the growth of air traffic. An analysis of the quarantine restrictions impact in connection with the spread of COVID-19 was carried out, which showed that, despite a significant decrease in passenger traffic at airports in the world due to quarantine restrictions, there will be a significant increase in passenger traffic after quarantine relief. Based on the above, it was concluded that it is urgent to improve the organization of passenger traffic at airports under quarantine conditions through the use of WEB-services based on cartographic models of airport buildings. At the same time, the feasibility of using GIS technologies at airports analysis was made, as well as a review of modern information technologies that are currently used to organize the operation of airports in conditions of quarantine zoning. A method for constructing routes for organizing passenger flows at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning has been developed. The methodology envisages for the creation of airports passenger traffic maps using the most modern cartographic software products ArcGIS and ArcGIS Online, it contains recommendations for using a billing Wi-Fi network to track the movement of passengers in airport buildings, and, finally, envisages for the creation of WEB services for cartographic models of airports terminals. Developed with the use of proposed methodology, WEB-services for organizing passenger flows at airports in conditions of quarantine zoning, are convenient and ergonomic in terms of usage by workers of airports and airlines. Moreover, passengers can also quickly receive partial information sufficient to organize their movement in the airport terminal in accordance with quarantine restrictions.

Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals.
 Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue.
 Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas.
 Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.

Python libraries matplotlib, seaborn and pandas for visualization geospatial datasets generated by QGIS

This work aim is to perform modelling and spatial analysis of the marine geological data using combination of the QGIS and Python programming. Selecting proper cartographic software is important part of the geospatial research. QGIS provides organizing data in a GIS project for mapping and spatial visualization through vector and raster layers stored in GIS. Study area is Mariana Trench, west Pacific Ocean. A series of cross-section profiles were digitized in QGIS and used for further data processing in Python. Mariana Trench has complex geomorphic structure and unevenness in profiles stretching south-westwards. The geomorphology is subjected to various phenomena that affect its shape. These include bathymetry, geodesy, gravimetry, tectonics plates and geological settings, studied in this paper. To understand the structure of the trench, a data modelling using bathymetric analysis was performed by combination of QGIS mapping and statistical analysis in Python’s library Seaborn. Statistical data modelling aimed at the analysis of the spatial variation of the geomorphology of the trench using following methods: multiple facet grids, area charts for the data frames, regression analysis, letter- value plots, hexagonal and Kernel density estimation. The results of the geospatial data analysis show spatial unevenness of the geomorphic structure, gravimetric, geodetic and bathymetric settings of the Mariana Trench. The study demonstrated effectiveness of Python application in geographic data analysis with Python codes provided for repeatability.

A Generic Pushbroom Sensor Model for Planetary Photogrammetry

AbstractDifferent imaging instruments are designed in the planetary exploration missions, which require respective photogrammetric software modules to support the geometric processing of planetary remote sensing images. To decrease the cost of software development and maintenance, this paper presents a generic pushbroom sensor model for planetary photogrammetry. Thus, various coordinate transformations can be conducted in a unified and efficient way, without considering the specific camera and the optical distortion equations. In terms of implementation, the camera file and orientation data file designed for the airborne linear array camera ADS40 are used to manage the interior orientation and exterior orientation parameters of planetary images. The generic pushbroom sensor model supports the summing mode, varying exposure times within an image and image distortions, which are typical problems in need of a solution in planetary mapping. Furthermore, an alternative photogrammetric process based on extracting tie points on approximate orthophotos is developed. The geometric accuracy and computational efficiency of the generic pushbroom sensor model were compared with the popular planetary cartographic software—Integrated System for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed generic pushbroom sensor model can (1) deliver the same geometric accuracy as the ISIS pushbroom sensor model, (2) greatly improve the computational efficiency of orthophotos generation and tie points extraction, and (3) support various types of planetary remote sensing images. Moreover, the proposed generic pushbroom sensor model reduces the cost of software development because different types of planetary images share the same code base.

A PDF Tile Model for Geographic Map Data

Vector tile mapping is an important issue in web map research. At present, vector tile mapping requires the symbolization of geographic information, as supported by cartographic software, and the development of a corresponding symbolic database when web map services are provided for users. The development of PDF (portable document format) mapping makes it possible to use symbolized map data directly for web map services. This paper presents a PDF tile map model suitable for web map services, in order to provide a new solution for vector tile mapping. This paper details the construction and establishment method of the PDF tile map model and verifies that the model has the characteristics of a vector tile map and that this approach can provide web map services. In addition, this model has some other noticeable characteristics. First, the map service supported by this model does not require the support of cartographic software, and thus has low system software and hardware requirements. Second, the maps displayed in the service system can be directly used for high-quality map publishing. Third, the high popularity of the PDF format can promote the sharing of PDF tile maps and reduce the use threshold of ordinary users.

Plication of virtual machining in engine crankshaft machining

VM (Virtual Machining) is a digital model of actual processing in which the actual processing process is abstracted, analyzed and synthesized. It is the mapping of actual processing in the virtual environment of the computer. Virtual machining technology helps teachers to teach and enables students to understand the content of teaching more easily. This paper will introduce the processing technology of engine crankshaft and how to make dynamic simulation of the machining process of engine crankshaft by using virtual machining technology software Unity3d, 3DSMAX and cartographic software Solidworks.

Información cartográfica del departamento del Meta, opción de desarrollo desde aspecto socioeconómicos territoriales y ambientales: caso municipio de Mesetas

Se establece los por menores del desarrollo de un software agropecuario para el departamento del Meta que inicia una fase piloto en el municipio de Mesetas el cual tiene el potencial de presentar información territorial, económica, productiva, sociocultural y ambiental que será utilizada por campesinos, productores empresas profesores y funcionarios gubernamentales con el objeto de tomar decisiones ajustadas a las realidades en pro del crecimiento y desarrollo económico sostenible y sustentable.
 Para ello se adelantó una recolección de datos con la metodología acción participativa desde cada una de las variables mencionadas que constituyeron la base para la construcción de información almacenada en un software cartográfico, el cual fue denominado sistema cartográfico agropecuario SISCARTAGRO, constituyéndose en una herramienta fiable e innovadora de desarrollo, toda vez que; presenta realidades territoriales desde un enfoque multidimensional. Definitivamente el sistema cartográfico agropecuario se presenta como un factor determinante en el desarrollo de la producción y desarrollo territorial en el departamento del Meta, toda vez que dicho territorio ha albergado históricamente, una vocación socioeconómica que debe ser potencializada con estrategias diseñadas desde las realidades de los territorios más no por capricho de expertos y/o cualquier protagonista con buenas intenciones tomando decisiones desacertadas toda vez que no corresponden a las realidades territoriales propias de las poblaciones presentes.

3D Printing of Diamond Tools for Dental Ceramics Processing

This paper is focused on preparing diamond tools with orderly arranged abrasive particles for dental ceramics processing via 3D printing. This allows one to overcome such drawbacks of the existing methods of dental ceramics processing as weak bonding strength, short service life, and irregular diamond distribution in diamond tools. Firstly, the CAD model of the dental diamond tool is constructed using 3D cartographic software, with level‐scan‐path geometry information generated via hierarchcal slicing. Then, using Ni–Cr alloy powder and diamond as raw materials, the dental ceramics processing diamond tool with orderly arranged diamond particles is prepared via a 3D printer. Next, an X‐ray diffractometer, energy dispersive spectrometer, and scanning electron microscope are used to analyze the microstructure of the Ni–Cr alloy and diamond particle interfaces, resulting in the identification of their bonding mechanism. Finally, the diamond grinding wheel produced by 3D printing is subjected to dental zirconia ceramics grinding performance tests. The results obtained confirm that diamond particles experience normal wear, while no abrasive falling off occurs on the 3D printed diamond tool surface.

A computational method for the Hufnagel pseudocylindric map projection family

ABSTRACTIn 1989, Herbert Hufnagel introduced a mathematical model for a family of equal-area, pseudocylindric projections, which includes the Mollweide, Wagner IV, and Eckert IV projections as specializations. Hufnagel’s contribution has received very little attention, and his projections are not available in any of the commonly used cartographic software packages. This article makes three contributions: The Hufnagel family is introduced to the English-speaking community; algorithms for computing the forward and reverse projections are presented; and the eight new projections proposed by Hufnagel are analyzed.

Analysis of Life Expectancy Rate at Birth in the Republic of Tatarstan

The current economic growth rate in the Republic of Tatarstan cannot serve as the only progress and welfare index of the region. This can be due to the fact that the continual economic growth of public welfare caused a number of adverse effects, such as environmental disorder, social strain intensification, etc. that is why it is necessary to reinforce another measure of our further well-being. This article specificates a particular criterion, forming part of the integral “life quality” rate, i.e. the expected life expectancy at birth. To complete this task a profound scientific research at a regional level is required. This article presents results of an analysis of life expectancy rate at birth as a way to evaluate life quality in the Republic of Tatarstan. The research results show that there is a territorial and gender disparity. The authors make this fact conditional on job distinctive features, unhealthy lifestyle, carelessness which leads to disregard one’s own health. So, they suggest including this rate as an indicative one while assessing the heads of the Republic of Tatarstan municipal units. This research aims to assess life quality from the perspective of life expectancy at birth. This work presents a monitoring of expected lifespan for the Republic of Tatarstan population as compared to other regions of the Volga Region Federal District. It also considers the situation within the republic at a municipal level. Practical implementation of the recommendations drawn up in the course of the research will promote development of a reasonable regional programme to maintain and improve public welfare. This research is based on traditional methods: cartographical (methodologically founded on subject and complex mapping and advances in geoinformation technologies), comparative and descriptive, spatial analysis method and the statistical one. Processing and analysis of fact sheets was carried out with the help of special geoinformation, cartographic and statistic software. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n24p272

OCUPAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTES DOS CANAIS FLUVIAIS EM AMBIENTE URBANO DO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAÍ – GO

Green areas protect the river canals that are closely linked to an ecologically balanced environment and the brazilian and Goias legislation defined as the area to be protected. The Municipality of Jatai (GO) has its environmental legislation they are made for permanent preservation areas, such as areas of minimum 30 m wide from the edge for all streams that drain the city, except the Rio Claro and Queixada that has the minimum width of 300 m. The environmental code of the municipality says the headwater areas surrounding radius must have a minimum of 100 m as permanent protection. The director plan of Jatai served as reference and cartographic software was used ArcGIS Desktop 9.2 and its tools to define the areas of the city which invaded the permanent preservation areas. The scenario pointed out that of all the surveyed river canals. These canals have eight permanent preservation areas with irregular occupation by local people. The 383.431,4 m² of permanent preservation areas of the urban environment Jatai are irregularly occupied, representing 3,81% of the total areas of permanent preservation areas. The environmental legislation of the municipality agrees with the sole paragraph of art. 2 Brazilian Forest Code of 1965 and the Forest Goias (1995), and in some points is seen even more restrictive in the case of permanent preservation areas of the springs. The issue of urban expansion and economic activities are the factors that define the criteria for the occupancy of permanent preservation areas. The study sought to highlight the illegal occupation of man in areas of permanent preservation of fluvial channels Jatai (GO).

AUTOMATIC ROAD DETECTION OF SATELLITE IMAGES USING IMPROVED EDGE DETECTION

Road networks play an important role in a number of geospatial applications, such as cartographic, infrastructure planning and traffic routing software. Automatic and semi-automatic road network extraction techniques have significantly increased the extraction rate of road networks. The road detection performance is a critically affected by the noise or low frequency images. Road edge detection plays an significant role to detect the direction of the road and the specific location of obstacles, size and speed of obstacles in the road. In this paper, several road detection techniques are theoretically analyzed, and a new road detection technique is proposed using median filter. By comparing it with some well known techniques it is found that there exist many gaps in the techniques proposed so far. Â By comparing the proposed algorithm with proposed it is proved that the proposed algorithm does not provide artifacts was quite more in old tewchniques.

Cartographic Software Capabilities and Data Requirements: Current Status and a Look toward the Future

In this article, we suggest that a universally accepted cartographic software program does not currently exist and has never existed, but mapping software capabilities are improving, and cartographers should be involved software developments for map making. We describe the current state of software development and explore what an ideal solution for the future would be. In a related vein, GIS and other data are not generally designed for cartography, but we are learning how they can be, and cartographers should also be involved in the modeling of GIS and other data used for map making.

Neuere Hilfsmittel der Namenforschung: III. Kartographische Software

This article draws attention to technological advances in cartography and reminds us that cartographic software makes work in modern geography of names (areal onomastics) much easier than it used to be. Especially geographic information systems (GIS) allow name students not only to present but also to interpret data.

Digital geomorphological landslide hazard mapping of the Alpago area, Italy

Large-scale geomorphological maps of mountainous areas are traditionally made using complex symbol-based legends. They can serve as excellent “geomorphological databases”, from which an experienced geomorphologist can extract a large amount of information for hazard mapping. However, these maps are not designed to be used in combination with a GIS, due to their complex cartographic structure. In this paper, two methods are presented for digital geomorphological mapping at large scales using GIS and digital cartographic software. The methods are applied to an area with a complex geomorphological setting on the Borsoia catchment, located in the Alpago region, near Belluno in the Italian Alps. The GIS database set-up is presented with an overview of the data layers that have been generated and how they are interrelated. The GIS database was also converted into a paper map, using a digital cartographic package. The resulting largescale geomorphological hazard map is attached. The resulting GIS database and cartographic product can be used to analyse the hazard type and hazard degree for each polygon, and to find the reasons for the hazard classification.

The Cartographic Potential of Graphics Design Software for Education

Acquiring cartographic skills is an important part of any geography student's training and eduction. Whilst there are a number of good cartographic software packages now available, graphic design (art, paint, and CAD) software packages have generally been more widely available for micro-computers offering a potentially useful alternative especially to teach computer cartography. The relatively low cost of this software, facilitating installation on educational networks, their relative ease of use for students with limited computer background and drawing skills, and widespread availability offers a number of distinct advantages. The opportunity to explore map design from an experimental perspective also makes them very attractive for educational purposes. This paper examines the educational potential of graphics design software packages for teaching cartography.

Brunet and the revival of French geography and cartography

AbstractIn France, with the emergence of the geographical research group RECLUS, a new research organisation model has developed that benefits both geography and cartography, the latter through its emphasis on computer-production of thematic maps and its introduction and stimulation of the use of cartographic software packages. The trademark of the RECLUS research group is its use of choremes, cartographic models that retain dynamic and hierarchic relationships in spatial representation. These have been developed by Roger Brunet into a sign-language with which relational models of regions can be built, stressing aspects of spatial organisation not rendered by traditional maps.

PLOTMAP: Geophysical and geological applications of good standard quality cartographic software

PLOTMAP, an interactive computer program that plots data in geographical coordinates in the most used cartographic projections is described. The program conforms to good cartographic standards and contains various drafting options. Its small size and transportability make it flexible, and easily customized by the user at different installations. PLOTMAP also is a preprocessor for more sophisticated spatial analysis systems, in that it creates and executes command procedures tailored to the user's input data, whereas maintaining the graphic output in the selected projection domain. Mathematical expressions, examples of interactive sessions and the FORTRAN 77 source code are provided. The program can run in GKS and CALCOMP environments.