Cartographic Method Of Research Research Articles

Картографирование историко-религиозных памятников Карельского муниципалитета (Грузия)

In the last 30-year period in Georgia one of the priority directions of thematic cartography is atlas mapping of historical and religious monuments of individual regions of Georgia. The purpose of this article is classification by various features and mapping of historical and religious monuments of the Kareli municipality. In the process of work the materials obtained during the field expedition, as well as the available archive materials, were used. Literary and cartographic sources were also used. In the field conditions the clergy was surveyed about historical and religious monuments in the territory of the studied municipality. The collected records were used to compile the text part of the article and the final map. As a cartographic basis the topographic map of scale 1:200 000 was used, according to which the location of monuments was determined by hypsometric steps. Landscape map of Georgia of scale 1:200 000 was also used in determining the types of landscapes in which the historical and religious monuments of the Kareli municipality are located. In the process of the research the cartographic method of research, the descriptive method and the method of comparative analysis were used. The final result of the work is the map of historical and religious monuments of the Kareli Region on the scale of 1:200 000. The Kareli municipality and especially the valley of the Dzama River located on its territory are considered the richest region in terms of historical and religious monuments of Georgia. It is for this reason that this municipality was chosen as the object of mapping. The compiled map of historical and religious monuments is a part of the complex electronic atlas of the Kareli municipality. In the field conditions the following materials on historical and religious monuments of the Kareli municipality were collected: geographic coordinates, date of foundation of the monument, type and architectural features of the monument, functional purpose of the monument, physical condition of the monument, location of the monument. During the analysis of the compiled map some geographic features of the location of historical and religious monuments by hypsometric steps and by landscapes were revealed. The map of historical and religious monuments of the Kareli municipality can be successfully used for planning new tourist routes on the territory of the municipality and compiling full-fledged tourist guides. To some extent, the map can also be used by the monument protection service for the purposes of monitoring these objects.

Territories of the «northern delivery»: new approaches to categorization

Ensuring the sustainability of settlements in the Far North regions is achievable only through a comprehensive set of measures for the procurement and delivery of essential goods (primarily food and fuel) from other areas, known as the «Northern Delivery» The current supply system is marked by inefficiencies that create high risks of delivery disruptions. Enhancing this system requires developing and implementing optimal measures to influence the economic relationships within the «Northern Delivery» framework, alongside determining effective legal regulatory methods. A critical step in this process is the establishment of precise and strictly defined territorial boundaries for implementing these measures. At present, there is no legal formalization of spatial limits for the array of managerial, logistic, and socio-economic processes aimed at ensuring uninterrupted deliveries of goods for the «Northern Delivery» underscoring the importance of this research. The aim of this study is to define the criteria and their quantitative parameters to categorize the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas with limited cargo delivery periods. By synthesizing the work of both domestic and international scholars on the zoning of northern territories and assessing their transport accessibility, as well as utilizing cartographic research methods and focus groups, an algorithm for categorizing the settlements of the Far North regions has been developed. The identified selection criteria include transport accessibility, the presence of stable supply logistics chains, the duration of heating period, and the level of provision with basic food products. This categorization resulted in identifying of three groups of territories based on the supply organization mechanism: critical, supporting, and basic supply. The proposed categorization can be used to determine the spatial limits for legal regulation of the «Northern Delivery» and to develop a specific set of measures to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of essential goods.

Ethnodemographic processes in Crimea at the beginning of the 21 century

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of ethno-demographic processes in Crimea during the first two decades of the 21st century. The work is based on statistical and cartographic research methods. The nature of ethno-demographic processes in the territory of Crimea in the period between the population censuses of 2001 and 2021, which saw a change in the political subjectivity of the peninsula, was determined by the growth in the number and share of the Russian and Crimean Tatar population. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in the size and proportion of the Ukrainian population, caused by both migration outflow and a change in ethnic identity. In addition, the study was able to identify an important spatiotemporal component of ethnodemographic processes in Crimea during this period – the increasing concentration of the main ethnic communities (Russians, Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars) in the southern part of the peninsula.

Assessment of Forest Suitability of Soils in the Dry Steppe Zone of the Volgograd Region

Background: Assessing the forest suitability of soils is one of the key areas of agroforestry science. Research in this direction makes it possible to characterize areas where tree and shrub vegetation does not grow under natural conditions. The research carried out makes it possible to assess the possibilities of afforestation in the area of interest; they contribute to the perception of landscape diversity in the context of the reclamation efficiency of the created systems of protective forest plantings, their productivity and durability. Identification of soil suitability for forests is closely related to the assessment of soil quality and fertility. The study of forest suitability of soils has a pronounced regional aspect. This article presents materials from cartographic studies of the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation. The study region is characterized by a wide variety of soil cover. Dark chestnut, chestnut soils and light chestnut soils are common in this zone. The processes of erosion, salinizationand deflation make a great contribution to the diversity of soil complexes. Methods: In this work, the cartographic research method is the main one. Achieving the research goal, creating a cartographic model of the forest vegetation properties of the study area, was carried out in three stages. At the first stage, the contours of the soil map at a scale of 1:400000 were classified into forest suitability groups. During the second stage, based on the functionality of the QGIS software package, new soil contours were created. At the third stage, area characteristics were taken, share parameters were calculated and an analysis of changes in soil cover was carried out in natural and economic areas. The research materials presented in this article were obtained during the implementation of the state task of the research work of the FSC of Agroecology RAS. The research period is from 2021-08 to 2023-11. Result: The result of the research is the creation of a cartographic model of the forest suitability of soils in the dry steppe zone of the Volgograd region. Based on measuring the areas of soil contours for each of the 17 administrative districts, the ratio of groups of forest suitability of soils was established. The revealed value of the share indicator for the study area as a whole is as follows: soils I, forest suitability groups occupy 10.4% of the territory; II -9.3%; III - 68.3%; IV - 12%. The data obtained are necessary for planning agroforestry work in the study area.

Молодежная миграция в Горном Дагестане как индикатор устойчивого развития территории

Introduction. Identification of the specifics of the course of youth migration in the most problematic mountainous regions of Dagestan. Methods. Comparative geographical, statistical, descriptive-analytical, cartographic research methods were used in the course of the study. Results and discussion. The number of young people in Dagestan has been declining in recent years, which indicates an increase in unfavorable trends in demographic development. The share of young people in the migration loss of the population of Dagestan is more than 42%. The most significant indicators of youth decline are observed in the southern regions with a predominance of Lezgins, Rutulians, Tsakhurs, as well as the Lak and Akushinsky districts, dominated by Lak. This trend is somewhat weaker in the areas of predominant residence of Avars. Magaramkent (more than 12%), Derbent, Akushinsky, Akhtyn (more than 9%) districts are leading in terms of the rate of reduction of the number of young population. The migration decline of young people is typical for all mountain settlements, but the intensity of this process varies by region, one of the provoking factors is inaccessibility. According to the direction of migration flows of young people, interregional outflow prevails (especially in the Rutul and Tabasaran districts). In a significant part of mountain municipalities, the importance of intra-regional youth migrations is high (Agulsky, Dakhdaevsky, Dokuzparinsky districts are in the lead), while the urban area receives a small replenishment. A very insignificant positive balance can be traced in international migration (the Lak and Magaramkent districts are distinguished). Conclusions. The mountainous territories of Dagestan are losing young people, which is one of the most important factors provoking a decrease in the sustainability of socio-economic development. The unfavorable geographical position of settlements and the peculiarities of the ethnic composition of the population are among the determinants that increase the outflow of young people from mountainous areas. The dominance of interregional youth decline in inter-regional flows is traced. Less significant intraregional flows are directed to the plains and coastal more dynamically developing territories.

Regional aspects of the restructuring of tourist flows in Europe in the 21st century

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global tourism is not limited to the crisis in the tourism industry. The pandemic was accompanied by a spatial restructuring of tourist flows. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of this restructuring at the regional level of European countries under the influence of the pandemic and geopolitical factors. The information base for the study is statistics of tourist arrivals for 427 regions of European countries in the period from 2003 to 2022. The entire time interval of the study, in accordance with the peculiarities of the spatial restructuring of tourist flows, is divided into three periods (pre-pandemic, pandemic and the beginning of recovery from the pandemic). The analysis was carried out using a cartographic research method. The main trend of spatial restructuring of tourist flows from 2003 to 2019. was their partial redistribution in favor of the regions of the countries of the eastern part of Europe (post-socialist countries) and Turkey. During the pandemic (2020–2021), the greatest reduction in tourist flow characterized countries specializing in inbound tourism. Countries that managed to move towards increasing domestic tourist flows (including Russia) found themselves in a more advantageous position. In 2022, within foreign Europe, due to the persistence of sanitary restrictions in a number of countries at the beginning of the year, it was possible to observe a temporary redistribution of tourist flows from the central part of Europe to its periphery.

Confessional contact zones of the Russian empire by counties and districts according to the results of the 1897 census

The first general population census of 1897 is the main source of information about the structure of the population of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, including the religious composition of the population. At the same time, statistics based on the results of the census make it possible to carry out a cartographic analysis of the religious structure of the population not only at the level of provinces and regions, but at the lower administrative level (counties anddistricts). The purpose of the study is to assess the heterogeneity of the religious structure of the population of the Russian Empire at the level of counties and districts based on the results of the population census of 1897. For this purpose, a cartographic research method was used. The religious mosaic index was used as an indicator that allows dividing mono-confessional and multi-confessional territories and identifying contact zones between the areas of distribution of the main religions of the state (Christianity, Islam and Buddhism). Regions with a mixed religious composition of the population without a strong predominance of any one religion (confessional contact zones) were observed mainly in the border territories of the Russian Empire, especially in its western and southern parts. The center and north of the European part of the country, where the Orthodox population dominated, represented a mono-confessional (Orthodox) “core”.

ON THE QUESTION OF USING GIS TOOLS IN THE STUDY OF PALEOVALLEY IN THE VERCHNY PRUT BASIN

This article is devoted to the complex issue of the use of GIS in the study of the stages of the formation of the water network of the rivers of the Ukrainian Carpathians, the identification and study of ancient flow valleys, morphogenesis and features of high terrace levels and paleovalleys in different periods of their formation. It is the use of new modern methods of digital mapping and geo-informational tools in research that allows us to look in a new way at the seemingly already known and defined problematic issues of the clarity of the stages of the origin and formation of the basins of the river systems of the Ukrainian Carpathians and their gradual stabilization within modern limits. It would seem that the position of leading specialists, Ukrainian geomorphologists (P. M. Tsis, K. I. Gerenchuk, M. S. Kozhurinoi, Y.S. Kravchuk, V. M. Klapchuk and others) has been clearly formulated for a long time thanks to the use of new geoinformation technologies and accessibility to modern software opens up new opportunities for its review and refinement. Currently, an important aspect of the study of basin systems of mountain regions, such as the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians, is the application of not just a cartographic research method, with the corresponding results of visualization, zoning or the creation of appropriate map schemes, but the use of system analysis, thanks to GIS applications (TIN interpolation qgis) and the creation of appropriate models, which allows us to reveal in more detail the complex issues of the transformation of ancient valleys and their modern reflection in the relief of this territory. It is the ambiguous conclusions and results of previous researchers that encourage the use of new, more progressive methods, which will make it possible to better substantiate and determine how the processes of restructuring of the river network of the southeastern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians took place, as well as to reveal the reasons for these changes. It is especially important to take into account and rely on changes in the configuration of the Upper Prut river system network at various stages of its functioning and development. This complex and not fully resolved issue, the transformation of ancient flow valleys in the Pliocene–Pleistocene period, is extremely important for the understanding of modern channel processes on the rivers of the Upper Pruth basin, as it still has a significant impact on the perception of the modern view of the river network of the studied basin and the inherited nature of macroforms riverbed in its separate sections. Keywords: GIS; digital topographic base of the Earth: SRTM; paleogeomorphological analysis; paleovalley Chornyy Cheremosh river; paleovalley Chornа Tysa river; paleovalley of the Lyuchka and Oslava rivers.

Features of the formation of the cultural and landscape environment near the objects of Moscow's natural heritage on the example of the Ramenka River Valley

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of the cultural and landscape environment of Moscow. The cultural landscape is considered as a result of the co-creation of nature and man, which is especially pronounced in urbanized space. This can be traced in historical and cultural contexts on the example of the territory located in the valley of the Ramenka River. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient study of this territory, which became part of Moscow only in the middle of the twentieth century and the importance of scientific understanding of modern architectural and landscape transformations. The work is based on literary, archival, cartographic sources, data from their own local history observations. The work uses historical and cartographic research methods, as well as methods of local history observations, system-structural analysis. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the systematization and generalization of multiple diverse information characterizing the history of the formation of the cultural landscape of one of the districts of Moscow; in identifying the factors that determined the peculiarities of the formation and change in time of these landscapes, in assessing the impact of modern architectural and urban planning approaches on the environmental situation. The main conclusions of the study: despite the centuries-old efforts of people to dominate the "nature-society-man" system, with the development of ecological culture, the priority of natural values in the formation of urban landscapes increases; the natural heritage of Moscow is an integral element of its cultural heritage; the construction of modern residential complexes near natural heritage sites, paradoxically, contributes to the improvement of environmental situation, creative improvement of the visual environment.

Innovative Ecotourism Product Development Based on the Use of Geographic Information Technologies


 
 
 The tourist product is a specific product that has a number of features such as in- separability from the source of formation, complexity, insensitivity, impossibility of storage and warehousing of the tourist product. These features should be taken into account when developing an ecotourism product, as it is a specific integrated product provided in the natural environment, considering regional characteristics, local culture, gastronomic events and caring for the environment. The role of the relevance, timeliness of the information provided on a particular tourist product is growing. Ecological tourism has features, as the objects of tourist activity are little-visited natural-territorial complexes, characterized by a certain spatial distribution in the territory. It requires the use of geographic information technologies, remote sensing systems, global positioning in order to organize tourism facilities, which determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the significance of creating innovative ecotourism products based on the use of modeling systems and modern technologies, including geoinformation, determining the value of ecotourism and the study of competitive advantages for tourism enterprises which enable them to make a profit from the provision of ecotourism services. The research methodology involves statistical methods of data processing, cartographic research methods using geoinformation technologies, the method of spatial analysis, as well as systemic, general scientific and informational approaches. The importance of ecological tourism is proved on the basis of the analysis of its basic values, advantages and opportunities. Proposals to improve the situation in the ecotourism services market have been developed. Offers of ecotourism products are suggested on the basis of detailed typology (division into cognitive, recreational, business, cultural, educational groups of ecological tourism). Prospects for the use of geographic information technologies in the development of innovative ecotourism products are studied. For the first time, the authors have developed the geoportal model of Zhytomyr district ecolocations , which lists the main possible locations for the devel- opment of ecological tourism The authors have conducted a survey of Zhytomyr region residents after the implementation of the first stage of the decentralization reform in 2014 – 2019 and segmented the interests of potential ecotourists. Potential sources of income for protected areas and other ecotourism participants are identified. The concept of ecological tourism development is formed.
 
 

ASSESSMENT OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON THE RIVER BASINS OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC BY WATER CONSUMPTION INDICATORS: LEGAL ASPECT

The article reveals the main aspects of water use of the Udmurt Republic, with the ranking of water consumption by river basins. The methodological basis was the synthesis, analysis, comparison, as well as cartographic research methods used in the processing of annual state statistical reporting data - forms No. 2-TP (vodkhoz). The main result of the work was a mapping of the regional total water consumption over a long period of time with the identification of river basins experiencing the greatest load on the intake of surface and groundwater and, accordingly, in need of regular monitoring of the water intake process and legal protection of water bodies. Of particular interest is the basin approach applied in the work together to the indicators of the intake of surface and groundwater, since in this case all components of the catchment area are taken into account. The sectors of the economy that are the most significant consumers of water within certain river basins and form the features of the regional picture of water consumption over a long period are identified. It is concluded that the Russian water legislation should be aimed at rational water use, in which the determining basis for decision-making by the participants of water relations, their actions or abstention from actions, will be the maximum use of each unit of extracted water mass while at the same time maximum protection of the water fund from pollution, clogging, depletion. The obtained materials can be used in forecasting the water management situation, planning water protection measures, the need for the introduction of water-saving technologies, the development of schemes for the integrated use of water bodies.

Ethnic heterogeneity of Russian regions: Dynamics by decades in the post-soviet period

Many Russian researchers note that the most important feature of ethnodemographic processes in Russia in the post-Soviet period was the increase in the overwhelming majority of republics in the share of titular peoples. To conduct a comparative characterization of the complexity of the national composition of the population of the country's regions, as well as to compare changes in the level of ethnic heterogeneity over a certain period, the ethnic mosaic index is most often used. The purpose of this work is to identify general trends and features of changes in the ethnic heterogeneity of Russian regions in each of the three post-Soviet decades using the cartographic research method. The novelty of the proposed methodology is associated with the simultaneous display on the cartographic chart of two indicators: the dynamics of the index of ethnic mosaic and the proportion of the Russian population. In the first post-Soviet decade, the tendency to increase the mono-ethnicity of the country's regions began to manifest itself more and more, which covered more than half of the subjects, both “Russian” and national. The processes taking place in this decade allow us to speak about the initial stages of regional ethnic polarization, which replaced the predominant growth of ethnic heterogeneity in the country's regions during the Soviet period. In the second post-Soviet decade, the general trend towards regional ethnic polarization has already fully manifested itself, when the overwhelming number of “Russian” regions and most of the national subjects followed the path of mono-ethnization. In the third post-Soviet decade, there was a slight slowdown in the processes occurring in the first two post-Soviet decades, and even a partial return to the dynamics characteristic of the Soviet period. Nevertheless, the noted trends have not yet changed the general trend of the post-Soviet period, which can be characterized as an increase in regional ethnic polarization in the country due to the increase in mono-ethnicity of both “Russians” and the majority of national subjects of the Russian Federation.

Выделение основных элементов территориальной структуры этнокультурного пространства Азиатской России конца XIX столетия

The relevance of this study is associated with the concepts of ethnocultural space and ethnocontact zones being developed by Russian geographers. Further development of these concepts involves the search for new research approaches and techniques. First of all, this concerns cartographic research methods, which are key in identifying the main elements of the territorial structure of the ethno-cultural space – cores and contact zones. The aim of the study is to develop new cartographic techniques for identifying elements of the territorial structure of the ethno-cultural space of Russia on the example of the regions of Siberia and the Far East based on the results of the First General Population Census of 1897. For this, the ethnic communities of this territory at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries grouped into two meta-ethnic levels. The first meta-ethno-cultural community covers the indigenous peoples of Asian Russia (North Asian cultural world), the second – immigrants to Siberia and the Far East from the European part of the country (East European cultural world). The boundaries of the nuclei of these cultural worlds and the contact zones between them are determined, for which a quantitative indicator is used – the index of meta-ethno-cultural heterogeneity, which is an analogue of the ethnic mosaic index proposed by B. M. Eckel. A map has been drawn up, which reflects two quantitative characteristics at once – the ratio of the proportion of representatives of the two considered cultural worlds and the value of the index of meta-ethno-cultural homogeneity. This map is more informative than the one based solely on the value of the index of meta-ethnocultural heterogeneity.

West or East? Changing directions of supply of products of the republics of the former USSR in conditions of global instability

Due to the collapse of the USSR and the destruction of economic cooperation, all the former Soviet republics traded among themselves as independent states, and trade was carried out not at domestic (as before), but at world prices. New state borders (previously internal) prevented the export and transit of products to "third countries". The purpose of the study is to characterize the export of certain types of products in the post-Soviet space by country in dynamics from 1995 to 2020. The data was from UNCTAD. We used the principles of a systematic approach, in particular historical, analytical, mathematical-statistical and cartographic research methods. Russia remains the main supplier of mineral resources to the republics of the former Soviet Union, but its role in the foreign trade of the republics as a whole is declining. Exports began to consist mainly of exports of raw materials. Goods from the countries of the former USSR are exported mainly to the Asian market. Trade between countries is affected not only by geographical factors - it is easier to trade with neighbors, but also by other factors, including the ability to transport products around the world. Therefore, the spatial diversification of exports of steel, mineral fertilizers, and grain is higher than that of oil and natural gas, which are traded mainly through pre-laid pipelines. Interstate territorial disputes that have grown since the collapse of the USSR are harmful to economic cooperation. Difficulties arise in relations between such republics of the former Soviet Union as Russia and Ukraine, Armenia and Azerbaijan. In Soviet times, there was close cooperation between them, but now it is broken. This hinders the economic development of these countries.

An overview of modern approaches for assessment and mapping of noise pollution

The article substantiates the role of the cartographic research method in the study and control of city noise pollution. The regulatory documentation in scope of studying and mapping the noise load is considered. The requirements for measurement and mapping of noise levels are outlined. Fragments of maps created in Russia and abroad are presented, their strengths and weaknesses are described. The three main approaches to measuring and mapping noise levels, including mobile noise mapping, are characterized. Case-studies on the use of various interpolation methods for calculating the noise load are considered. Proposals are formulated for GIS-based city noise modeling. The main sources of data for direct and indirect city noise modeling are characterized.

The development of small towns and towns of well-being: Current trends, 30 years after the change in the political system, based on the Warsaw suburban area

Contemporary urban development is evolving towards towns with good social capital, where good living conditions are key. The article aims to define the directions of transformation of small towns in Poland following the political transformation (i.e. over the last 30 years), while also looking at how these transformations may affect the living conditions in these towns. The article uses theoretical, empirical and cartographic research methods, taking into account the evolution of the analysed areas. It looks into whether the analysed towns are compact, have diverse functions, sustainable public transport and adequate public green space. The collected data were used to calculate the growth of urbanised areas and to record changes in their spatial layout. Aspects important for the well-being of residents of small Polish towns were pointed out. A key prerequisite for the development of soft towns and towns of well-being is the creation of 15–30-minute towns, in which housing and multifunctional services are all accessible within walking distance or by public transport to all inhabitants. The results of the study allow the development opportunities and threats to be specified not only for small towns in Poland, but also for towns of a similar size in Eastern Europe with a converging historical context.

The Localization Issue of the First St. Isaac’s Church (1707-1727) in St. Petersburg: an Attempt at Using the Cartographic Research Method

The Localization Issue of the First St. Isaac’s Church (1707-1727) in St. Petersburg: an Attempt at Using the Cartographic Research Method

ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ МАРШРУТИЗАЦИИ В НАВИГАЦИОННЫХ СИСТЕМАХ НА ПРИМЕРЕ КОМПАНИИ «HERE TECHNOLOGIES»

This study is aimed at establishing the foundations of the scientific and theoretical base of naviga-tion mapping. Navigation mapping is one of the leading areas in cartography, which has been rapidly developing thanks to satellite and digital technologies. Navigation mapping activities resulted in navi-gation applications for motorists, for a wide range of consumers, various emergency services, fire de-partments, ambulance services. This wide range of navigation applications is used via smart phones, personal computers, walking and hand-held navigators. In addition to orientation on the terrain, the navigation system allows routing: to calculate the shortest or most profitable route, to guide you along the route. Road routing works in accordance with the algorithm based on previously created road graph. The route is built according to certain rules, taking into account the static attributes of the road network and dynamic geospatial factors. These aspects of routing are covered by the example of HERE Technologies. HERE Technologies is a large international navigation company for the creation, updating and use of navigation charts. The article also discusses the main static attributes of the navi-gation system, which are involved in building a route both online and offline; analyzed the main dy-namic factors of geospace, influencing the construction and adjustment of the route. The research uses the cartographic research method, the routing method and the basic concepts of graph theory.

Развитие туризма в Южном Прибайкалье (на примере Слюдянского района)

The article discusses the prerequisites and limitations for the development of the tourism sector in the Slyudyansky District of the Irkutsk region. Emphasizes the role of cartographic research methods in recreational geography, both in the collection of information in the field, and in the laboratory processing of statistical data. The Baikal position, high mountains, mountain rivers and lakes, deposits of minerals of decorative value, a plant species endemic to the southern coast of Baikal, a seasonal migration corridor of birds of prey, the non-freezing source of the Angara, the only river flowing from Baikal—all these are strong prerequisites for the development of various types of tourism associated with the natural environment. There are artificial objects in the region that attract the attention of tourists—the Circum-Baikal Railway, the closed Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, which was widely known in the past due to environmental problems. At the same time, there are a number of environmental and socio-economic factors hindering the development of tourism in the region. Fluctuations in the water level in Baikal create a risk of flooding of tourist and recreational facilities and, in part, affect the development of the coastal zone. In a number of places there is a danger of mudflows. The socio-economic development of the region is taking place in the regime of severe environmental restrictions, determined by the Federal Law “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”, as well as the position of a significant part of the territory within the boundaries of the Pribaikalsky National Park. The local population participates little in the distribution of material benefits received from the use of the tourist and recreational resources of the region. It is noted that the contrast of conditions for the development of the tourism and recreational sphere (the presence of advantages and obstacles) requires special attention from regional authorities.

Problemy i perspektywy rozwoju syberyjskich terytoriów śródlądowych w kontekście rosyjskiej morskiej aktywności gospodarczej

In the 21st century, not only is Siberia the most important macroregion of Russia, the most extensive in its territory and significant in terms of natural resource potential, it is also one of the key objects of Eurasian geopolitics. The article shows the “sea factor’s” significance in its influence on the formation of ideas about the external borders of Siberia, as well as substantiates the conjugation of the socio-economic development of Siberian regions with the markedly increased maritime activity in the Russian Federation since the beginning of the 2000s (first of all, with the port economy and extraction of hydrocarbons on the sea shelf). Based on the application of statistical, comparative-geographical and cartographic research methods, it is shown that it is precisely due to the post-Soviet geo-economic and geopolitical processes (including Russia’s accelerated entry into the global “oceanic” economy) that the duality of Siberia’s position in the “continental-oceanic dichotomy” is more clearly manifested. This is characterized by the continuing Druzhinin A.G., Dets I.A. (2021). Problems and prospects of Siberian inland territories’ development in the context of Russian marine economic activity. Czasopismo Geograficzne 92(1): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.12657/ czageo-92-01 Otrzymano/Received: 21.05.2021 Zaakceptowano/Accepted: 10.08.2021 Alexander Georgievich Druzhinin, Igor Andreevich Dets WERSJA REDAKCYJNA 6 Alexander Georgievich Druzhinin, Igor Andreevich Dets “stratification” of Siberian territories into the “continental” ones (including those that were in the sphere of influence of the hinterlands of the largest seaports) and the coastal ones (both with historically established and newly formed centers of marine economic activity). Particular attention is paid to the possibilities and priorities of the conjugation of Russia’s “maritime” strategies (primarily in the Arctic) and efforts to mitigate the negative economic effects of the “continentality” of Siberian territories.