Cartographic Base Research Articles

PLS-PM analysis of forest fires using remote sensing tools. The case of Xurés in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve

Forest fires have environmental, social and economic impacts in many areas. Various factors related to territory directly influence both the number and the surface area of each fire. The link between different variables (climate, social and environmental) in the risk of fire and in the characteristics of fires is studied here through Partial Least Squares - Path Models. In addition, images from the Sentinel-2 sensor and geographic information systems are used to create a cartographic base of fires in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve of Galicia and the Site of Community Importance of Xurés (Galicia) between 2015 and 2020. In all, seven variables are analyzed in this study area using the partial least squares-path modeling method: climate, topography, land use, type of environmental protection, the anthropogenic factor, fire defense, and fire data (severity and area). The parameters for each variable are used to obtain weights and thus determine the importance of each one. The areas where the problem of forest fires is greatest are those with the greatest environmental protection. Up to 31% of the surface area of the Natura 2000 Network was burned in the 6-year study period. Topography and land use are also shown to be relevant factors in the effects of forest fires in this territory. By contrast, higher population density and the development of infrastructures such as roads and water tanks mitigate the impact of fires. The problem of forest fires encompasses many variables that need to be studied. By contextualizing each study area as far as possible, specific measures to prevent and reduce damage can be drawn up.

Theoretical and methodological issues of creating the “ECO FERGANA” mobile application of tourist objects and resources of Fergana region

In this article, based on the creation, grouping and classification of a database of tourist sites and resources of the Fergana region in the ArcGIS program, an electronic map of ecotourism in the Fergana region was created, as well as issues of creation, design and methodology. A cartographic basis for managing tourism in the region according to its territorial structure has been developed. Tourist resources, development factors and objects of the Fergana region, identified on a cartographic basis, have been identified. A mobile application “Eco Fergana” has been developed, which evaluates the possibilities of using these components and forms the basis of the regional tourism organization. The appendix evaluates the bioclimatic level of tourist conditions in the region (plain, mountain and foothill areas). The map serves to determine the economic and geographical opportunities for tourism development, divide them into regions, develop new tourist routes, and attract a flow of tourists to these objects. Based on the application, the geographical location of the Fergana region, specialization, and convenience of transport routes for transferring excursion routes are shown. Based on an assessment of the potential of tourism resources (high, medium, low), the boundaries of tourist regions are identified. Based on new tourist routes of a complex type (ecological, agricultural, business, pilgrimage, historical, archaeological, extreme, recreational, gastronomic, industrial) at the regional level, these directions are highlighted on the map.

Development of irrigation and hydrography networks of the Fergana region on the basis of GIS technologies, the content of the Elektron digital card

In this article, on the basis of the creation, grouping and classification of the database in the ArcGIS program, the content of the elekrton digital card based on the cartographic basis, design and methodology of irrigation and hydrography networks of the Fergana region and irrigation networks in the region for territorial organization was developed. Irrigation network data has been collected and processed using modern computer, geoengineering, and Internet technologies. Comprehensive analysis of data from large-time, large-scale and natural water networks has made it possible not only to represent on the card the digital characteristics of irrigation and melioration networks, which are necessary for more objective assessment and practical use of the economic processes of irrigation systems. Methods for converting irrigation network data to digital format have been developed, attribute data structures are formed that provide a unified cartographic space of the territory, complex irrigation networks are fundamental steps in creating models (algorithms) for using data in research. Creation of an irrigation card at the regional level. based on existing irrigation and melioration concepts and modern technological advances, methods for creating a digital card have been developed.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СКРИНИНГА В ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ ОЧАГАХ В СУБЪЕКТАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ С НИЗКИМ УРОВНЕМ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ

Significance. In Russia, from 2001 to the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the incidence of tuberculosis was decreasing on an annual basis, equaling to 41.2 per 100,000 population in 2019 (87.1 per 100,000 population in 2001). At the same time, the Covid-19 pandemic, which lasted for about two years (2020-2021), had a negative impact on the organization of screening aimed at early TB detection in the population. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the share of the Russian population covered with screening decreased to 66.7% and 70.8%, which was comparable to the one in 2014-2016. As a result, in 2020-2021, the incidence of tuberculosis in Russia decreased to 32.4 and 31.1 per 100,000 population, respectively. Therefore, the indicator decline is due to the reduced timing of TB screening because of the restrictive measures during the pandemic rather than improvements in the epidemic situation. Currently, in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to increase coverage of the population with TB screening to a pre-pandemic level within the shortest possible time. Purpose: organization of TB screening in epidemic foci of tuberculosis in the subjects of the Russian Federation with a low TB incidence. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2 stages, in the first stage the structure of 76 newly detected TB patients and contingents who were under the medical follow-up at TB facilities in the Borovsky district and Obninsk of the Kaluga region in 2019-2020 was analyzed. The information was obtained from federal statistical observation forms No. 8 and No. 33. The age and proportion of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were determined including bacterial excretion, multiple drug resistance, destruction of lung tissue and TB-HIV co-infection. In the second stage, spatial distribution of epidemic foci of tuberculosis in the above-mentioned settlements was analyzed. The study used information about actual residence of 53 patients with tuberculosis, newly diagnosed in 2019-2020, as well as 8 patients from the contingents with tuberculosis with bacterial excretion. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Stat Tech v.2.8.8 (developer - Stattech LLC, Russia). Pearson's Chi-squared criterion was used for data analysis. The differences were recognized as significant at a value of p <0.05. The analysis of medical cartographic data was carried out using spatial statistics (GIS) tools and data management of ArcGIS version 10.0, available through the ArcToolbox interface: Calculate areas, Analyze the nearest neighborhood, Integration, Collect events. The OpenStreetMap (OSM) cartographic web service is used as a cartographic basis. Results. The structure analysis of 76 tuberculosis patients detected both among the permanent population and migrant workers in the Borovsky district and Obninsk of the Kaluga region in 2019-2020 showed that the main sources of tuberculosis infection, including with multidrug-resistant pathogen, or its donors, were patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis with the sustained bacterial excretion after treatment and unclosed lung decay cavities. In addition, more than half of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with bacterial excretion, newly detected among the permanent population in the Borovsky district and 1/3 of those in Obninsk, were also sources or donors of the TB in the population. Patients with tuberculosis, newly detected among migrant workers, on the contrary, were mostly recipients of tuberculosis infection, living in the same areas as the above-mentioned sources of TB infection with a high probability of contacts with them, both close and accidental ones. The spatial analysis of TB epidemic foci distribution shows that against the background of the decreased TB incidence, there is a clear tendency towards merging and forming clusters with clearly defined boundaries, which facilitates organization of screening and more comprehensive coverage of the cluster population. Places of residence of migrant workers who first contracted tuberculosis in 2019-2020 in both settings were located near or within buffer zones formed around the TB epidemic foci in the permanent population, increasing the risk of tuberculosis among migrants due to the high probability of contacts, both close and accidental ones, with sources of tuberculosis infection. Conclusion. In the subjects of the Russian Federation with a low incidence of tuberculosis, the use of a GIS-based cartographic method to organize screening among the population living near epidemic foci of TB, including their buffer zones, can make a significant contribution to overcoming the consequences of the pandemic by increasing the screening coverage of the population to the pre-pandemic level in a short time

Methodology for surface water flood modelling based on analysis of digital elevation model and hydrological data

A methodology for surface water flood modelling is proposed, based on the use of small-scale mapping tools together with hydrological observation data. To reproduce the flooding surface during extreme floods, information on historical maximum water levels was selected, and a digital elevation model (DEM) was used as the cartographic basis. The proposed methodology is universal and provides possibility to determine the boundaries of the potential flooding area in river sections during extreme water levels, to identify objects in the potential flooding area, as well as to make operational decisions to prevent disastrous situations arising from floods and minimize adverse consequences. The results of application of the proposed method for certain river sections of the North Caucasus, a region characterized by a high degree of flood hazard, are presented.

Разработка способов представления на картах инфраструктуры для средств индивидуальной мобильности в г. Москве

The number of cyclists and users of personal mobility aids in Moscow is growing every year, while building the necessary facilities, providing security and managing the cycling network has not always kept pace with such rapid growth. The construction of infrastructure for means of individual mobility involves planning and designing it depending on the places of attraction of target audiences (universities, transport hubs, parks and the most popular streets for cyclists). At the same time, a cartographic vision of the problem is necessary at all stages. A review of works on the possibilities of depicting cycling infrastructure and the movement of cyclists on the streets of the city shows little experience in presenting this topic on maps. The main function of existing maps is to display the actual position of linear and point objects of cycling without a spatial analysis of their position. The article shows the possibilities of infrastructure mapping for means of individual mobility and solves the problem of finding reliable and up-to-date sources of statistical and cartographic data. The information collected in the course of urban and field surveys of the urban space of Moscow was processed and systematized. A database of bicycle infrastructure objects has been formed, which includes vector and raster representations of data, the results of field and statistical studies. Based on it, methods for visualizing the obtained data have been developed. The paper formulates the basic requirements for the cartographic basis for creating infrastructure maps, shows various techniques and ways of depicting phenomena, which made it possible to clearly demonstrate the results of the study. Considering the visualization possibilities found, maps of the cycling infrastructure were compiled, highlighting its main elements and types.

Геоинформационное моделирование индекса человеческого развития стран ОЭСР и их регионов

The article is devoted to the development of the Human development Index (HDI) in the framework of inter-territorial comparisons of the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and their regions. The processes of creating a basic cartographic basis for conducting geoinformation modeling of the human development index at the country and regional levels at the same time are considered. New features of the mathematical-cartographic modeling apparatus are revealed, the main conceptual difficulties of developing the thematic content of such modeling are described. Based on the analysis of the international and Russian versions of the human development index, the concept of thematic content of this index is proposed to ensure inter-territorial comparisons. Within the framework of geoinformation modeling, the results were obtained from the standpoint of general ideas about the differentiation of territories according to the values of the human development index. An approach to the integration of evaluation and typological models is proposed, which allowed not only to consider the typology of territories according to the degree of intensity of the values of the human development index indicators, but also to consider them in conjunction with the entire variety of index values within this type, which made it possible to give a comprehensive characteristic of the territory. The analysis made it possible to consider the territory from the standpoint of public health, the effectiveness of the system of secondary specialized and higher education, as well as to assess the size of the territory’s economy in relation to the population. On the basis of this, a number of the main problems of the territories were identified from the standpoint of the components of the human development index and a number of recommendations were given to those making managerial decisions within the framework of national and regional policy.

Application of GIS technologies for improving the content of the tourist map of Fergana province, Uzbekistan

This article contains proposals and recommendations for the creation and future development of interactive-dynamic maps of the Fergana province of the Republic of Uzbekistan through ArcGIS online software and cloud technologies. The experience of tourism geography and cartography, as well as the methodology of creating tourist maps, for creating interactive-dynamic maps, are explained. Selection of software tools for creating an interactive-dynamic tourist map using modern geographic information systems, mapping, creation of digital cartographic bases, and vectorization of the Raster MAR image with the help of manual placement of the map is shown through the MapInfo map system. A 1:750000 scale tourist map of the province was created based on the scientific results obtained on the economic and geographical features of tourism development in Fergana province. On the basis of the map, the possibility of determining the specialization of tourist regions in Fergana province and effectively using the potential of the regions has been revealed. Also, the system of marking objects displayed in the technology of creating maps, which is closely related to their content, and the principle of consistency have been preserved.

Разработка картографических веб-приложений на основе геоинформационных технологий

The existing solutions in the field of building cartographic web-applications based on geoinformation technologies are analyzed. The design of the cartographic basis for placement on the Internet has been developed. The structure of the cartographic web-application and the algorithms necessary for its functioning were developed. Testing of the software module on the example of the «Map of the Central Federal District» showed its versatility, reliability and the possibility of use in new and existing information systems.

Spatial behavior of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage in the state of Minas Gerais, 2020.

To analyze the spatial behavior of hepatitis A, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and varicella vaccination coverage in children and its relationship with socioeconomic determinants in the state of Minas Gerais. This ecological study investigated records of doses administered to children, extracted from the Immunization Information System of 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais, in 2020. We analyzed the vaccination coverage and socioeconomic factors. Spatial scan statistics were used to identify spatial clusters and measure the relative risk based on the vaccination coverage indicator and the Bivariate Moran Index, and thus detect socioeconomic factors correlated with the spatial distribution of vaccination. We used the cartographic base of the state and its municipalities and the ArcGIS and SPSS software programs. Hepatitis A (89.0%), MMR (75.7%), and varicella (89.0%) showed low vaccination coverage. All vaccines analyzed had significant clusters. The clusters most likely to vaccinate their population were mainly located in the Central, Midwest, South Central, and Northwest regions, while the least likely were in the North, Northeast, and Triângulo do Sul regions. The municipal human development index, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product were spatially dependent on vaccination coverage. The spatial behavior of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage is heterogeneous and associated with socioeconomic factors. We emphasize that vaccination records require attention and should be continuously monitored to improve the quality of information used in services and research.

USE OF SATELLITE GEODESY IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the article. Analyze scientific publications on the use of traditional geodetic equipment and compare with geodetic equipment using GPS technologies. As a basis for comparison, analyze the method of execution and work cost, time spent on field and chamber work. Determination of the efficiency and expediency of using satellite receivers in works related to the creation of a planning and cartographic basis for the territorial plan. Method. To achieve this goal, the experience of the field shooting method, cameral work and data processing was analyzed. During the research, cadastral plan of the area is developed, new technologies in the field of land management, cadastral, geodetic search works and materials of scientific and practical conferences are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional and satellite methods for geodetic measurement are considered. Results. According to the results of the obtained data, a topographic map of the reserve lands area, comparable methods of using geodetic equipment and the estimated works’ cost were constructed. Scientific novelty. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the advantages of satellite geodesy in the areas of land management, cadastral, and geodetic search works. The obtained result shows the importance of this direction in modern life and practical activity. Practical value. It is explained by the expansion of opportunities for cadastral needs of modern geodetic measurements, which can replace traditional geodetic measurements. With the help of satellite geodesy, it is expedient to create large-scale maps in a shorter period of time, and they also facilitate the acquisition of data from hard-to-reach or inaccessible objects, and objects that require the permission of the land user (owner) to conduct work.

Cartographic determination of the dry stone walls of the Mallorcan Tramuntana mountain range (Balearic Islands): Exploratory analysis

The construction technique of dry stone, declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, has historically materialized in Mallorca in the form of a varied range of constructions with different functions. The massive construction of dry stone walls in the Mallorcan countryside has left an outstanding landscape and territorial imprint, which constitutes a rich source of geographical analysis. An unpublished cartography of the walls located in the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range in Mallorca is presented as an essay, a cartography that has served as a basis for their classification and provisional quantification. With the support of basic cartographic, photo-interpretation and GIS techniques, the detailed examination of two official cartographic bases has allowed us to determine their usefulness as reliable sources for locating and understanding the dry stone walls in our study area, with a view to a more far-reaching geographical study of them.

GEOINFORMATION DATABASE OF OUTDATED HOUSING STOCK AS THE BASIS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF URBAN PROGRAMS FOR COMPLEX RECONSTRUCTION

Significant volumes of outdated housing stock in Ukrainian cities require careful accounting, analysis, and substantiation of the order of immediate reconstruction measures. A specialized geographic information database should become the basis for the development and successful implementation of programs and projects for complex reconstruction.
 This publication presents the results of the formation of the geoinformation base of the outdated housing stock of Kyiv as the basis for the implementation of the urban program for complex reconstruction. The database is presented in the form of passports of the territories of outdated buildings in the context of the administrative districts of Kyiv. Attribute information includes data both for each individual house and for blocks and neighbourhoods of outdated housing stock as objects of complex reconstruction. The cartographic basis is the vector topographic-geodetic mapping of Kyiv on a scale of 1:2000.
 The structure of such a system can serve as the basis for a database of outdated buildings in any settlement.

Geoportal visualization of state cadastre objects: (a case study from Uzbekistan)

The Cadastre Agency under the State Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan (State Geodetic Inspection) is responsible for processing the state cadastre data of geodesy and cartography, which are part of the state cadastres, and visualizing the information in the geodata database. The State Cadastre of Geodesy and Cartography has a total of 115,616 objects in the Republic of Uzbekistan, of which 111,838 are included in the geodata database. Taking into account the transparency of this information and the fact that it is not widely used by young researchers in scientific research. During this research, proposals were developed to visualize the state cadastre of geodesy and cartography in the geoportal. During the research, world experience was studied and considered on the example of the Russian Federation, which was homogeneous in terms of systematization of geodetic and cartographic data. The created and recommended geoportal had sections on zone, column, row and nomenclature, and the zone section had rows 10N, 11N, 12N and 13N. Accordingly, the topographic map of the zones was provided with space and cartographic bases.

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution of the African Crab in the City of Manaus / AM-Brazil

In 2003, the African snail was found for the first time in the city of Manaus, receiving from the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Resources the attribution of Achatina fulica, a species classified among the hundred worst invaders in the world. The present work presents the results of a study developed on the occurrence and the spatial distribution of this species in the capital of Amazonas. The methodological procedures were conducted through field collections, georeferencing and data projection on cartographic bases. As well as information on the conditions of precipitation, relative humidity and temperature, considering the influence of abiotic factors on the distribution of the species. The survey included 1,855 individuals, collected. The results reveal that temperature values ​​of 25 ° C accompanied by relative humidity rates of around 80% and average precipitation volumes of 17 mm bring together climatic conditions that favor the appearance of the mollusc in the city Manaus.

Digital solutions for the ecological aspect of the sustainability of agroecosystems

The article presents the results of the development of a cartographic basis for a specific agricultural landscape used for the production of vegetables and potatoes under irrigation. Studies allow us to say that the landscape features of the territory, namely the exposure of the slope, are clearly correlated with the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The slope of the agrolandscape is directed north to the Emurtla River and the values of agrochemical indicators are increased in the same direction. The cartographic basis obtained by us can be used for elements of precision farming, in particular for differentiated fertilization, and for the development of an adaptive-landscape farming system on the farm.

Development of a software module for placing and editing signatures of settlements in the Mapinfo GIS

The main problems of creating and placing signatures on digital cartographic bases using geoinformation systems are considered. To automate the creation and placement of signatures in the form of text objects of various shapes and sizes, depending on the significance code of the cartographic database, a specialized software module has been developed in the MapInfo GIS. The description of functional capabilities and the results of testing of the developed program are presented. The software module is focused on the placement of signatures of settlements mainly on small-scale maps. The main functionality and features of the work of the software package: first, signatures of more significant objects are created; signatures are placed along parallels and in accordance with priority positions; signatures are on the same layer, while they differ in style and size depending on the significance code; simultaneously with the creation of signatures, the table is filled with information about parameters captions and coordinates of the insertion point.

Technological aspects of the development of principles for the effective use of land resources

The organization of an effective land use system is an important state task. Modern technologies allow us to find a balance, optimality in the use of land resources. At the same time, it can be said that the combination of technologies and their integrated application gives a more powerful synergetic effect, which is expressed, among other things, in the prevention of global environmental disasters, and currently can contribute to solving a number of economic breakdowns, in particular the food crisis. Among the technological solutions and geotechnologies developed and currently used in the field of land and property relations, it is possible to single out the main ones that allow organizing effective land use on the territory of the state: Unified State Register of Real Estate, automated cadastral systems, geoinformation basis of the territory, Unified electronic cartographic basis, geoinformation analysis, information modeling, geodesign technology, smart technologies, digital twin. As examples of the practical application of geotechnologies for the design and organization of an effective land use system, the following are considered: a study of the destruction of the shoreline of the Novosibirsk reservoir in the periods from 1970 to 2020, a study of seasonal flooding of the territory of dacha societies in the Soviet and Pervomaisky districts of Novosibirsk, the design of the placement of solid municipal waste accumulation sites (MSW) on the territory of the private sector of Novosibirsk, analysis of the road network of the city of Novosibirsk for the development of solutions to improve capacity, a comprehensive study of the level of development of social and household comfort of the population on the territory of the city of Novosibirsk, three-dimensional modeling of zones of accumulation of environmental damage on the territory of the city of Novosibirsk, geoinformation analysis of the provision of the territory of the city of Novosibirsk with recreational zones. The considered geotechnologies form the general geospatial structure of the rational land use system. A distinctive feature of their complex application is the possibility of predictive modeling and pre-project analysis of the consequences of economic use of land resources.

The use of UAVs as a mobile milestone

Currently, there is an active integration of modern technologies and techniques into traditional methods of Production of geodetic measurements. The main purpose of their implementation is to reduce time costs and imProve the quality of work. Every year, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for solving geodetic Problems is gaining popularity due to the simplicity and accessibility of the technology. The technique of photogrammetric Processing of the obtained aerial photography materials using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) allows solving the Problem of timely creation and updating of the cartographic basis, building digital models of terrain and objects, as well as other tasks in which it is possible to use the photogrammetric method. The authors of the article Propose to use UAVs to solve engineering Problems on an industrial site as a mobile milestone.

Digital cartographic basis for ensuring the effective use of agricultural land

Active human economic activity has an increasingly diverse and tangible impact on the state of the land. One of the most important tasks of the state administration in the field of ensuring the rational use of land resources, as well as accounting and assessment of the state of agricultural land, is the creation of cartographic products, including digital maps of agricultural use using GIS systems, which systematize information on categories of land and land, according to their purpose, the current ecological state and sources of potential pollution of soils and territories are reflected, which provides an opportunity for effective management of the country's land resources.