Carpooling Systems Research Articles

Novel Approach on Peer-to-Peer Carpooling Using Blockchain

Abstract: Peer-to-peer (P2P) carpooling platforms have emerged as a promising solution to address transportation inefficiencies, reduce traffic congestion, and alleviate environmental impacts. However, existing P2P carpooling systems encounter challenges related to trust, security, and transparency. This work proposes a novel approach to enhance P2P carpooling through the integration of blockchain technology. Blockchain, a decentralized and immutable ledger, offers inherent advantages such as trust, transparency, and security. By leveraging blockchain, this proposed system aims to address key issues in P2P carpooling, including identity verification, payment settlement, and data integrity. Smart contracts, programmable self-executing agreements, enable automated transactions and enforce rules within the carpooling ecosystem.

Car-Pooling System (CapX)

With traffic congestion and environmental concerns on the rise, carpooling systems have become increasingly popular. This paper proposes a carpooling system that matches drivers and riders based on their travel preferences and routes using an advanced algorithm. The system considers factors such as pickup and drop-off locations, preferred departure time, and route to find the most compatible matches. Additionally, real-time updates are provided on the driver's location and the rider's estimated time of arrival. This carpooling system not only reduces traffic congestion but also lowers carbon emissions, promoting environmental sustainability. It also offers a safe and reliable alternative for individuals without access to private transportation or public transit. The proposed carpooling system has the potential to transform commuting, providing a practical solution for a more sustainable future.

Carpooling Systems for Commuting among Teachers: An Expert Panel Analysis of Their Barriers and Incentives.

Sustainable mobility is a current challenge in our society. Research shows that carpooling systems are potential solutions that could mitigate environmental pollution and urban congestion and provide cost savings for their users. Despite their potential benefits, the levels of carpooling practices among some occupations could be improved. Teachers are suitable for carpooling experiences due to their specific working conditions (e.g., timetables, destinations changes, path matches); however, there is no research solely focused on teachers. Thus, the current research aimed to analyze the barriers and incentives for teachers using carpooling systems for commuting. A panel member was selected following the staticized group technique. Panelists were surveyed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Results showed that fuel savings were considered by the expert panel as the most important incentive for carpooling. For short distances, carpooling was not considered the best commuting option. Additionally, the increase in travel time and loss of personal independence were identified as relevant barriers. Based on the opinions of experts, it can be concluded that carpooling barriers outweigh the incentives for the commuting of teachers. To promote carpooling practices, institutional mobility plans with advantages for carpoolers could improve the teachers’ perceptions about carpooling. Future carpooling strategies should consider these results to promote incentives and address the identified barriers.

Exploring the Effects of “Smart City” in the Inner-City Fabric of the Mediterranean Metropolis: Towards a Bio-Cultural Sonic Diversity?

“Smart city”, driven by digital technology is not only a technological but also a social, cultural and political project. A socially and culturally significant new urban ideal is born. This research paper is based on the narrative that the city appears as a palimpsest of interventions of all natures. History and shared memory, composition and superimposition, coherence and divergence are fundamental for its evolution. It is thus evident that ”Smart city” as a rather new urban ideal, but also as a disruptive innovation process, cannot be conceived nor implemented all at once; it must follow analogous processes of buildup and stratification. On the other hand, sounds are part of cities, of their sensory landscape, of their identity. They are one of the urban markers, along with the visual landscape. In this context, the paper focuses on the sound identity of the inner-city areas of the Mediterranean metropolis, posing the following research question: What are the transformations that “Smart city” can cause to the sound identity of a city? In dense urban fabric with high-rise buildings, high rates of exploitation, frequent transgressions of the legal construction and least free space in private plots, what can be the prospects of using “smart transport”, for enriching the city with positive soundscapes, thus improving its environmental quality? Following the metaphor of urban and acoustic palimpsest, we examine narratives of replacement of conventional cars with autonomous vehicles (AVs) and of private cars with car-pooling systems. The article concludes that spatialized intelligence can substantially and positively transform the sound identity of the Mediterranean metropolis and be the spearhead for an increase in bio-cultural sonic diversity. At least during the era when the city still appears as a palimpsest of interpositions, evoking the historic time.

Embracive compendium of carpooling applications and proposed framework for agent mediated carpooling systems

Car pooling is environment friendly form of ride sharing technique which reduces bottleneck on roads and thereby also downsizing the parking challenge. However as per extant study distrust or wariness and high shuttle tariffs are major challenges for carpooling services. One way to boost trust among commuters and commuters and drivers is to bring into consideration reputation assessment mechanisms which will enhance civil assuage. This can be achieved by bringing social networks, route networks, commuter’s desires, ratings of commuters and cost optimization into account and developing a framework based on these factors. Agent mediated rapidly changing carpooling system involves booking seats to travel from a particular source to destination through software agents. One major problem in such systems is the anterior concurrence between the person who plays the role of driver and offers his vehicle for ride and the commuters. The dynamic carpooling exploit IT system to eliminate this constraint and ameliorate the nature of service. This paper assesses numerous trust and reputation systems specific to carpooling applications. These models are investigated on the underpinning of manifold idiosyncrasy like trust measurement, reputation reckoning, and threats on the system. This paper furnishes reputation reckoning framework for carpooling system that changes with the changes in environment by counting user desires, social networks and score from other commuters thereby ameliorate precursory systems by meliorate trust factor between the two involved parties. The carpooling model tacit a major trust affair because people resist sharing their vehicles or their time with strangers.

Self-organized carpools with meeting points

Carpooling promises benefits to the environment and consumers alike, but research has shown that there are multiple practical challenges to realizing these benefits. One possible solution is the addition of meeting points (hubs) in the design of carpooling systems. Recent studies indicate that introducing hubs increases both carpool participation and system-wide savings. Little to no research has been conducted, however, to understand the origin of these savings, determine their utility in different carpooling models, or detailing how hubs should be introduced (i.e. as a mandate or option). Additionally, we know nothing about the impact of hubs on self-organizing carpools (the primary means of creating carpooling systems). To address these gaps, we studied the impact of meeting points on two types of carpooling models (pick-up/drop-off and to/from), using two solution paradigms (centralized and self-organized), with hubs that were either mandated or optional. Our findings show that adding the option of meeting hubs improves system-wide savings from carpooling. These findings, along with our introduction of a new efficient carpool enumeration technique, have important practical implications for the design of modern carpooling systems in the development of more effective and sustainable uses of transportation resources.

Fatores influentes para a adesão de alunos a sistema de carona dinâmica em campus universitário

Este artigo objetiva a investigação dos fatores que influenciam a oferta de carona por alunos do Campus Recife da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Investigam-se os critérios relevantes para a adesão a um hipotético sistema dinâmico de caronas. São ainda sugeridas medidas mais eficazes para ampliação do uso dessa alternativa de transporte. O método de análise utilizado foi a Regressão Logística. Os resultados obtidos mostram que fatores mutáveis, inerentes ao arranjo da carona, e psicológicos estão relacionados ao modo dinâmico. Enquanto o único critério fixo que afeta a probabilidade de uso do sistema proposto é o sexo do usuário, seis critérios intrínsecos do próprio sistema apresentam-se significativos: i) perfil do usuário; ii) possibilidade de ser passageiro através do sistema; iii) questões ambientais; iv) maior interação social; v) redução da flexibilidade; e vi) compartilhar viagens com desconhecidos. Conclui-se que o uso da carona pode ser aumentado a partir de sistemas de caronas dinâmicas. Além disso, junto às plataformas de conexão, é importante que sejam adotadas políticas de caráter informativo e educacional.

Development Status of and Policy Suggestions for Private Carpooling in China

To promote the development of private carpooling in China, this paper made an in-depth study of the existing problems and causes based on an analysis of the current development situation in China, and concluded that the specific reasons for the insufficient development of private carpooling are an incomplete understanding on carpooling, the lack of incentives, and various security measures. Therefore, drawing on the successful experience of carpooling systems in foreign countries and cities, the government should initiate carpooling to integrate transportation sources and increase transport efficiency. At the same time, the standardized management of platform enterprises is extremely necessary, and the protection of shared mobility users’ safety and interests is one of the main targets of relevant policies and regulations. Finally, combined with China’s actual carpooling development situation, this paper makes suggestions corresponding to policies on top-level designs, the construction of policy and regulatory standards systems, and the setting of priorities for carpooling, passing, etc.

Game theory applied to transportation systems in Smart Cities: analysis of evolutionary stable strategies in a generic car pooling system

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of competitive situations in which the outcome of the participants critically depends on the actions of other participants. Popular fields of application include economics and finance, business, military, politics and biology, and more recently it has been applied to several aspects related to networks and Intelligent Transportation Systems. Transportation issues play a major role in big cities under the Smart City paradigm, being transportation systems challenged to be more efficient. One approach to attack this situation is the obvious improvement of infrastructure with the use of information and communication technologies (i.e., with the aid of advances in networks and electronics). However, the obvious constraints found under this line are the technological barriers that limit the efficiency of such transportation systems, especially in big cities that are not necessarily technologically developed. For this cases, there is another approach which take people into account in cooperative solutions such as car sharing programs in any of its forms (e.g. car sharing, ride sharing or car pooling). In this paper, we model and asses a generic car pooling system using game theory. We analyze how and when the Nash Equilibrium is achieved with both pure and mixed strategies. Furthermore, conditions for the program to have an evolutionary stable strategy are studied and conclusions are drawn from this analysis in terms of payoff variables such as profits, incentive expenses and operational costs, remarking the importance of formal approaches to support the decision-making process that industry practitioners, the government and/or citizens deal with in cooperative programs such as car pooling systems.

Tabu search for the real-world carpooling problem

Carpooling is a flexible shared transportation system which can effectively reduce the vehicle numbers and fuel consumption. Although many carpooling systems have been proposed, most of them lack practicality, veracity, and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new useful variant model of the long-term carpooling problem which involves multiple origins and one destination. Such problems commonly occur in a wide number of carpooling situations in real-world scenarios. Our work is motivated by the practical needs to solve environmental pollution, parking problems, traffic jams and low utilization of resources. A Tabu search algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the carpooling problem. The proposed algorithm aims at a wide range of passenger distribution and routing problems. The computational results based on real world user data show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, we developed a mobile application based on our carpooling model.

Using latent attitudinal variables estimated through a structural equations model for understanding carpooling propensity

Carpooling systems have never been able to achieve significant reductions in the use of private vehicles. The psychological barriers associated with riding with nonacquaintances and losing the flexibility of using one's private vehicle as a single occupant are often referred to. However, the effect of these issues is hard to determine as they reveal subjective attitudes not easy to quantify. In order to measure these attitudes a survey was conducted in Lisbon (Portugal). In this survey, we collected data for several attitudinal variables and conducted a stated preference experiment comparing driving alone/with family with external carpooling. A simultaneous estimation of the latent attitudinal factors and the probabilities of choice were conducted through a structural equations model. The model results show that attitudes play an important role in the decision to carpool, and they also act as mediators from socio-demographic characteristics. The negative aspects of carpooling may be overcome by the positive aspects; however, our results also stress the difficulties associated with changing from an acquaintance-based carpool to a broader system which may hinder the possibility of expanding the number of carpoolers in big cities.

Mobility Crowdsourcing: Toward Zero-Effort Carpooling on Individual Smartphone

In current carpooling systems, drivers and passengers offer and search for their trips through available mediums, for example, accessing carpool website by smartphone, for finding a possible match of the journey. While efforts have been made to achieve fast matching for known trips, the need for accurate mobile tracking for individual users still remains a bottleneck. For example, drivers feel impatient to input their routes before driving, or centralized systems haves difficulties to track a large number of vehicles in real time. In this paper, we present the idea of Mobility Crowdsourcing (MobiCrowd), which leverages private smartphone to collect individual trips for carpooling, without any explicit effort on the part of users. Our scheme generates daily trips and mobility models for each user, and then makes carpooling zero-effort by enabling travel data to be crowdsourced instead of tracking vehicles or asking users to input their trips. With prior mobility knowledge, one user's travel routes and positions for carpooling can be predicted according to the location of the time and other mobility context. Based on a realistic travel survey and simulation, we prove that our scheme can provide efficient and accurate position estimation for individual carpools.

A DARP Based Approach for Implementation of Car Pooling Systems

The increasing number of cars is an important issue for big cities administrations and several problems are related to this phenomenon, such as air pollution, traffic jams, drivers stress and so on. A potential solution for this problem is the use of car polling systems, which support the process of car sharing among users. However, current systems only work as a channel where providers and consumers can arrange shared cars for public transport. This work extends this idea via the use of DARP (Dial-a-Ride Problem) and metaheuristic concepts so that the allocation of rides can be carried out in an autonomous and dynamic way. The main aim of this approach is to optimize and facilitate the sharing process of personal cars, so that the number of vehicles in the roads can be reduced together with all the problems that such vehicles raise on.