Carpentry Industry Research Articles

Circular Economy: Upcycling Wood Byproducts from the Azores into Building Insulation Material

The promise of transforming wastes from the Azores into building materials is the focus of this research. The insulation properties of some of these materials can be advantageous to the building construction sector. These materials are upcycled into non-structural components of the building such as panels for ceilings and walls as a factor to control thermal comfort economically. In this paper, insulation panels using cryptomeria waste from the carpentry industry were developed and experimentally evaluated in terms of conductivity for further study of their thermal properties, as well as life cycle analysis. Sodium silicate was used as a primary binding material along with these treated materials. The different composite panels made from the waste and surplus materials are expected to be analysed in Test cells that are built in Azores using this together with other wastes available in the region. These panels will be tested for longer periods in these test cells subjected to the local climatic conditions. The results of thermal conductivity are promising for the two composites sampled.

Production of Biodiesel from Bintangur Seeds (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.)

Indonesia is very rich in biodiversity consisting of flora and fauna. One of the tree species flora that lives and can be found in Indonesia, especially in coastal areas is Bintangur (Calophyllum inophyllum). The general public does not know much about this plant which is usually used as wood raw material for carpentry, partly because few people know that old Bintangur seeds actually have a fairly high oil content. Observations show more certainty that Bintangur fruit when burned can maintain a flame for a very long time. The limited availability of kerosene and its scarcity in certain areas has prompted research on the Bintangur factory as a potential biofuel. However, if managed properly, old Bintangur seeds can provide economic value (as a substitute fuel for petroleum) which is environmentally friendly because it does not cause air pollution. Until now, the use of Bintangur plants has mostly been done in the carpentry industry. soot pollution type. According to research findings, 0.5 L of oil can be produced from 1 kg of old Bintangur seeds. Then 1 ml of Bintangur oil is claimed to be able to be used up to 11.8 minutes, compared to 5.6 minutes for 1 ml of kerosene. This comparison shows that the price of kerosene is more expensive than bintangur oil. Keywords: Production of Biodiesel, Bintangur, New Renewable Energy (EBT)

The Occupational Principles of the People of the Sangam Age

Tamil is a language with an ancient literary tradition. Literature is a time mirror that captures the lives of people. In this way, the people who lived during the Sangam period took up various occupations to improve their standard of living. Food and water are essential to human life. Agriculture is the basis of food. The agriculture industry and the equipment (implements) related to it are explained. Clothing is essential for men. The textile industry, which produces garments, is explained. It is also explained by the carpentry industry, which produces the materials necessary for human life. Ornaments are used by man to beautify himself. This article examines the gold industry, the building industry, and the fishing industry through the Sangam literature. The significance of the weaving industry, the techniques used in weaving garments, and the barter system are examined and explained through the Sangam literature. The specialties of carpentry, iron, gold, and building industries and the methods of production of goods have been examined. It is established in the Sangam literary evidence that the people of the Sangam age developed their occupations in the best possible way by doing various occupations such as fishing, salt cultivation, etc., for their needs, for economic development, and for the betterment of life.

Ergonomic Design and Evaluation of an Electric Nail Removal Device

Nowadays, musculoskeletal disorders resulting from working with improper hand tools have been known as one of the major concerns in various industries. In the current study, an ergonomic nail removal device was proposed to evaluate the intervention for nail removal activity in the woodworking and carpentry industry. Eleven male workers, who were actively involved in nail removing activity, were asked to perform nailing activity by removing nails driven into the bottom and top of the door as the base points for painting the doors using both the nail removal device and the traditional plier. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Strain Index (SI) techniques were used to characterize the level of risk. Moreover, nailing task duration and task repetition were measured as important criteria in manual works. According to the SI and REBA risk indices, the final scores for the designed device were estimated at 2 (low-risk level) and 1.5 (safe), respectively, while these values for the traditional pliers were 12 (high-risk level) and 15 (dangerous). Moreover, using the designed electric nail removal device led to a reduction in the repetition and duration of the task. Overall, the application of the proposed device in the nail removal tasks has shown risk indices below the critical thresholds in terms of correcting work posture and reducing strains imposed on workers' upper limbs.

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Urine of Metal Carpentry Workers Can Be Diagnostic for Occupational Exposure to Low Level of Welding Fumes from Associated Metals.

Simple SummaryThe main objective of this study is to investigate the association between biomarkers of human exposure to toxic elements and effect biomarkers of oxidative stress. The concentrations of eight toxic elements in the urine of metal carpentry workers were found to be higher than in those of controls. They were also associated with higher values of RNA and protein oxidative stress biomarkers, showing the presence of an oxidative stress condition linked to the occupational exposure, probably to the mixture of those elements that can accumulate in the body’s tissues. In particular, the determination of urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine results are valuable support to identify those workers that can be defined as “occupationally exposed” to the used chemicals, among whom appropriate prevention measures and medical surveillance must be applied.Urinary concentrations of 16 different exposure biomarkers to metals were determined at the beginning and at the end of a working shift on a group of workers in the metal carpentry industry. Five different oxidative stress biomarkers were also measured, such as the oxidation products of RNA and DNA metabolized and excreted in the urine. The results of workers exposed to metals were compared to those of a control group. The metal concentrations found in these workers were well below the occupational exposure limit values and exceeded the mean concentrations of the same metals in the urine of the control group by a factor of four at maximum. Barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and strontium (Sr) were correlated with the RNA oxidative stress biomarker, 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), which was found able to discriminate exposed workers from controls with a high level of specificity and sensitivity. The power of this early diagnostic technique was assessed by means of the ROC curve. Ba, rubidium (Rb), Sr, tellurium (Te), and vanadium (V) were correlated with the level of the protein oxidation biomarker 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NO2Tyr), and Ba, beryllium (Be), copper (Cu), and Rb with 5-methylcytidine (5-MeCyt), an epigenetic marker of RNA damage. These effect biomarkers can help in identifying those workers that can be defined as “occupationally exposed” even at low exposure levels, and they can provide information about the impact that such doses have on their health.

Synergic effect of recycled cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforced biodegradable polypropylene composites

Hybrid polymer matrix composites of waste cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforcements were studied with a view to recycling the wastes from garments and carpentry industries. Polymer composites with cotton fabric and wood-saw-dust reinforcements were fabricated using hot press machine. Their physical, thermal and mechanical behaviors were discussed in terms of moisture absorption, thermal stability, tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus. Compositional analyses of fibers, matrix and composites were carried out with FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that tensile and flexural strength of the composites increased with cotton fabric reinforcement. On the other hand, with increasing wood saw dust strength decreased up to a certain limit and then increased again. Water absorption of the hybrid composites increased substantially with increasing natural filler contents. Maximum water absorption was observed in 20% fabric/wood-saw-dust reinforced polymer composite. Furthermore, TGA graphs suggest better thermal stability of the hybrid composites than that of pure polypropylene.
 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 21-30, 2019

WOOD FINISHING TRAINING FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIAL EMPOWERING CARPENTER POTENCY IN MERUYA UTARA SUB DISTRICT–KEMBANGAN – WEST JAKARTA

Carpentry industry particularly furniture and interior production have been growing rapidly since any market demand increment is globally opened accessed either national or international. Kembangan, West Jakarta area, typically had many wood industries both furniture and interior. It prompted manpower absorbing from outside of the area to work in this sector by lack of knowledge and skill. Traditional carpenters who would refine their skill in carpentry, especially furniture and interior finishing experience. Training was organized for people whose potency and skill in furniture and crafting by organizing furniture training that focusing on finishing insight highly needed. By the activity, it’s expected to elevate their knowledge and skill in carpentry. The expected output of the activity was partners whose colourful abilities, as the consequence it generates productivity in ‘green’ or environmentally friendly furniture products. By any activities have been shared to partners, and then they expected to create best furniture products for both quantity and quality, and expanded their marketing.

Wood dust – aspiration fraction Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Wood dust – aspiration fraction Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

English

Tectona grandis (teak) is an economically important tree. It is a valuable tree whose wood is used in both shipping and carpentry industries. In this work we evaluated 11 treatments to assess the percentage of seed germination of T. grandis. The results showed that after 21 days, four treatments had greater germination percent when compared with the control. These treatments were, (i) when the seeds were exposed to sunlight for three days, 78% germination was observed (ii) the seeds were soaked in water for 72 h, 66% germination was observed (iii) the seeds were soaked in water for 12 h and dried for 12 h at a temperature range of between 22 and 45°C, 79% germination was observed, (iv) finally, the seeds were soaked in fast-flowing water for 24 h and exposed to sunlight for 24 h, 80% germination was observed. In this study we found that the best technique to stimulate germination is to soak the seeds for 24 h, and exposed them to sunlight for 24 h. In conclusion, the technique is easy to apply and also we can treat many seeds at the same time. Key words: Tectona grandis, germination, seeds.

Novel On‐Demand Bioadhesion to Soft Tissue in Wet Environments

Current methods of tissue fixation rely on mechanical-related technologies developed from the clothing and carpentry industries. Herein, a novel bioadhesive method that allows tuneable adhesion and is also applicable to biodegradable polyester substrates is described. Diazirine is the key functional group that allows strong soft tissue crosslinking and on-demand adhesion based on a free radical mechanism. Plasma post-irradiation grafting makes it possible to graft diazirine onto PLGA substrates. When the diazirine-PLGA films, placed on wetted ex vivo swine aortas, are activated with low intensity UV light, lap shear strength of up to 450 ± 50 mN cm(-2) is observed, which is one order of magnitude higher than hydrogel bioadhesives placed on similar soft tissues. The diazirine-modified PLGA thin films could be added on top of previously developed technologies for minimally invasive surgeries. The present work is focused on the chemistry, grafting, and lap shear strength of the alkyl diazirine-modified PLGA bioadhesive films.

Effect of radial origin on final moisture content and gradient, casehardening, cracking and deformations of dried Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber

Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) timber is a good raw material, particularly for the carpentry industry. However, in the radial direction varying wood properties, like density, may have an effect on the drying quality of sawn larch timber. Thus, final moisture content (MC), MC gradient, casehardening, cracking and deformations were studied according to radial origins, taking into account the orientation of annual rings. The effect of radial origin on MC properties was mainly caused by the differences in the basic density between different radial locations. Differing ring orientation between planks of different radial origin most probably affected the MC gradient. As casehardening and deformations had clear trends in radial direction, differences in them may be largely caused by MC differences. Thus including larch timber of similar density and ring orientation in the same drying lot would help achieve larch timber of uniform drying quality.

Real world finite capacity planning: a partial enumeration – based optimizer

Abstract Finite capacity planning is a central problem in manufacturing industries. At the heart of it lies a scheduling optimization problem, which has been so far studied in the optimization literature mainly in abstract forms, like job shop scheduling. There is a huge gap between the job shop instances used as benchmark in the literature and the scheduling instances met in real-world planning, this both with respect to instance size and to instance complexity, meaning the type of constraints and of variables considered. We present here the algorithmic core of a package primarily targeted to metallic carpentry industries, where instance types and CPU time constraints pose severe burdens on the optimization methods which can be used. We report about the results obtained by means of partial enumeration, a mathematic programming technique, here included in an Ant Colony Optimization framework.

Industrial district or subordinated production: a case study of small‐scale carpentry industries in accra, ghana

This article aims at gaining greater insight into the functioning of small‐scale industries in an African context. The findings are based on predominately qualitative fieldwork conducted on small‐scale carpentry industries in Accra, Ghana. A special concern is whether the small‐scale carpenters are capable of acquiring the technological capabilities conducive to a positive industrial development. Two opposing frameworks, one neo‐Marxist and one centred on the conceptualisation of industrial districts, are used to discern the nature of locally embedded production and supply linkages, and whether these are conducive to the technological capabilities needed for innovative growth. Despite facing similar structural constraints there are a few small‐scale enterprises that remove themselves from the characteristics of informal production by making the greatest use of the services entailed in the carpentry production network. These linkages, however, are still not extensive enough, nor advanced enough, to bring about the technological innovations associated with a true industrial district. The benefits gained through interlinked production are thus better understood as a means of securing domestic resilience, rather than international competitiveness. Furthermore, an explanation for the limitations of these linkages must be sought beyond the meso‐level analysis typical of an industrial district approach.

Carpentry factory and municipal electricity loads

Load management of electricity loads has received more interest in recent years. At least in Sweden, this is natural because of a rather cheap energy price, while at the same time, the demand charge is high. If a company could save the precise kWh that build the peak demand, then these would have a value of more than 200 times the off-peak kWh. This paper deals with monitored electricity data for two carpentry industries and one municipality, both situated in the south of Sweden. The ideal situation would be if the industry could reduce their peak demand and, at the same time, reduce the peak for the utility. Both participants would, in that case, save money, and the payback time for load management equipment would decrease substantially. If, however, a load management system at the carpentry transfers kWh to peak hours for the utility, the industry will save money, while the utility gets higher costs. The result of the study is that the Swedish electricity rates in use today are a very poor means of encouraging worthwhile load management, and often, they even aggravate the situation.

95/06145 Electricity use in the Swedish carpentry industry

95/06145 Electricity use in the Swedish carpentry industry

Electricity use in the Swedish carpentry industry

Because of its large magnitude, industrial electricity consumption deserves attention. Therefore the electricity demands of three carpentry factories in Sweden have been studied. The results show that major savings of electricity can be achieved and that opportunities exist to shift necessary activities so they occur during periods of lower unit-price tariffs. The owner or director of each factory is only rarely a specialist in energy issues and usually does not know how much can be accomplished in saving money in these ways. Nevertheless a short period (a few days) of monitoring, in each of the three factories studied, showed that it would be highly profitable to install larger capacitors for cutting the reactive power: the payback period for such a measure is about a year. Further measurements of the electricity demand revealed that one of the factories used, at maximum, only about one-third of its subscribed power, i.e. the predeclared maximum peak power that the subscriber thinks will be needed. Thus, changing the supply contract or distribution agreement could save at least 25% of the electricity costs each year, and this would be achieved without reducing the expenditure by a single kWh of energy. In addition, even a small carpentry factory has several systems that are energized by electricity, e.g. all the motors for the carpentry machines, the wood-chip transportation equipment and the wood-drying apparatus, and so many opportunities exist to achieve real energy savings.

What's Going On

From here to there. The Professional Development Project of the Equity Institute has developed a career-education program that focuses on the skilled craftsworker. The purpose of the program is twofold: to introduce girls as well as boys in grades 1-9 to the roles of skilled craftsworkers in the service, manufacturing, and carpentry industries and to show what mathematics and language arts skills are needed for these careers. Appropriate mathematics problems and activities are included at each grade level. Two filmstrips and guides for teachers, parents, and counselors will be available. Funding has been provided by the U.S. Office of Education. For more information contact Mary Ellen Verheyden, Equity Institute, 4401 East-West Highway, Suite 507, Bethesda, MD 20814.