Carotene Bleaching Method Research Articles

Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Structural Studies of Some New Sulfa Drug Containing an Azo-azomethine Group

A new series of azo-azomethine compounds derived from sulfadiazine were prepared. The compounds were prepared, starting from the coupling of the sulfadiazine diazonium salt with 2- hydroxy -3- methoxy benzaldehyde, followed by condensation with 4-bromoaniline, 2- chloroaniline, 2- methyl-3-chloroaniline, sulfadiazine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2- hydroxyaniline, respectively. All compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds was studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. They were screened for their antibacterial activities towards the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative Escherichia coli, as well as their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, candidaalbicane, and Candida glabrata, to evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were investigated by using the β – Carotene bleaching method. QSAR Properties and Molecular properties of all compounds were obtained by using Hyperchem software.

Identifikasi Jenis Pigmen Dan Uji Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Pigmen Bakteri Serratia marcescens Hasil Isolasi Dari Sedimen Sumber Air Panas Gedong Songo

Pigments can be produced by plants, animals, and microbes, including the bacteria Serratia marcescens. Pigments are believed to be used as antibacterial, anticancer, antibiotic and antioxidant. The quality of the pigment is greatly determined by its type. The aim of this study was to identify the type of pigment produced by S. marcescens resulting from the sediment of Gedong Songo hot spring, and testing its antioxidant activity. S. marcescens was grown on Nutrient Broth (NB) medium for 96 hours at room temperature and sampled once every 6 hours for growth measurement and pigment measurement. Cell dry weight was used to measure the growth of S. marcescens, while the measurement of pigment production was done using spectrophotometer with 535 nm wavelength for red pigment and identification of pigment with Thin Layer Chromatography and UV-Vis and testing of antioxidant activity using carotene bleaching method. The results showed the measurement of pigment production has optimal point at 48 hours at 1,319 mg/L. Identification of pigment type S. marcescens using TLC obtained value of 0,8 with spectrophotometer wavelength at 536 nm. The value of antioxidant activity Pigment S. marcescens obtained at 13%. Keywords: Serratia marcescens, prodigiosin, KLT, antioxidant

A Study on Antioxidant Property of Organic and Conventional Tomatoes

Tomato is one of the commonly consumed vegetables with high antioxidant capacity. The objective of the present study is to compare the antioxidant property of organic and conventional tomatoes. For the experiment, organic samples were procured from Era Organic Foods, (IMO Certified) Bangalore. Same variety of conventional tomato was obtained from same agro climatic zone. The samples were freeze dried using a lyodryer (LT5BC ISI lyphilization system, USA) and stored at 4 C in dark. The tomato extract was prepared in a solvent consisting of methanol (69%), ethanol (20%), HCl (10%) and water (1%). Total antioxidant capacity was estimated using Free Radical scavenging activity using 2, 2 Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH),β Carotene bleaching method, Linoleic acid emulsion system-thiocyanate method and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) methods. The results reveal that organic tomatoes have higher antioxidant ability than conventional tomatoes. These differences are significantly higher in case of DPPH method, β Carotene bleaching method but not significant in case of Linoleic acid emulsion system-thiocyanate method and Ferric- reducing antioxidant power method.

Spent Coffee Grounds as a Renewable Source of Bioactive Compounds

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are the main residues from the soluble coffee industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate different extraction methods of oil and diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) from SCG, such as solid–liquid extraction, supercritical extraction or direct saponification, as well as to determine the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities (by radical scavenging activity, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and -carotene bleaching method) of SCG and defatted SCG. Among assayed oil extraction methods, the Soxhlet extraction process recovered the highest oil amounts (26.4%). The free fatty acid profile showed a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (50%) for the lipid fraction extracted from SCG by each method used, mainly linoleic and palmitic acids (about 45 and 30%, respectively). SCG was found to be an important source of polyphenolic compounds, showing 255 and 273 mg GAE/g dm in ethanolic extracts from SCG and defatted SCG, respectively, and was active as an antioxidant. The method that reached the highest level of diterpenes (214 mg/100 g SCG for kahweol and 466 mg/100 g SCG for cafestol) was direct saponification compared with the saponification of oil extracted by solid–liquid extraction or supercritical extraction. Finally, the presence of bioactive compounds of SCG identified in this study could be of great interest for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, giving added value to a residue generated from instant coffee industrial processing, readily available in large quantities.

Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of a medicinal plant endemic to the Algerian Sahara

Natural substances from plants have taken advantage of multiple interests in different industries. In addition, the use of synthetic antioxidant molecules is currently being dangerous anyway, due to the potential toxicological risks of these molecules. In recent years, new plant sources of natural antioxidants are being sought. The study of the antioxidant activity of plants extracts has become more remarkable over the last decade, due to socio-economic and cultural rights of consumers and industry over time, this has insited the scientific community to investigate in this line of research. Limoniastrum feei (Girard) Batt. is a plant with multiple medicinal interest, it was harvested in the region of Ain Ouarka, Naâma (southwestern of Algeria). The results show that the methanol extracts of this plant contain relatively high concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids. In addition, the study of chemical kinetics of crude extracts of Limoniastrum feei by hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and beta carotene bleaching method, showed a significant antioxidant activity in the case of beta-carotene bleaching method and an average activity concerning hydrogen peroxide scavenging method.

Antioxidant activity of Palmarosa essential oil (Cymbopogon martini) grown in north Indian plains

ObjectiveThe present study deals with the in vitro study of antioxidant activity of essential oil from Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini) of family gramineae. MethodsThe in vitro study of antioxidant activity of Palmarosa essential oil has been done by using DPPH assay, Nitrogen oxide assay, reducing power assay, β-carotene bleaching assay and FRAP method. ResultsIC50 values observed for DPPH and NO assay were 0.125 mg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. In beta carotene bleaching method, the oil showed 93.15% bleaching for the first hour and it increased to 51.1% in second hour. There was a constant increase in the reducing activities with the increase in concentrations in both reducing activity and FRAP mehods. In all the methods BHT and Gallic acid were kept as standards. ConclusionsThe results clearly indicate that Palmarosa essential oil is effective in scavanging free radical and has the potential to be powerful antioxidant.

Anioxidant activity of palmarosa essential oil (Cymbopogon martini) grown in north indian plains

ObjectiveThe present study deals with the in vitro study of antioxidant activity of essential oil from Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini) of family gramineae. MethodsThe in vitro study of antioxidant activity of Palmarosa essential oil has been done by using DPPH assay, Nitrogen Oxide assay, reducing power assay, β-carotene bleaching assay and FRAP method. ResultsIC50 values observed for DPPH and NO assay are 0.125 mg/ml and 12.5 μg/ml respectively. In beta carotene bleaching method the oil showed 93.15% bleaching for the first hour and it increased to 51.1% in second hour. There was a constant increase in the reducing activities with the increase in concentrations in both reducing activity and FRAP mehods. In all the methods BHT and Gallic acid were kept as standards. ConclusionsThe results clearly indicate that Palmarosa essential oil is effective in scavanging free radical and has the potential to be powerful antioxidant An essential oil is a liquid that is generally distilled (more frequently by steam or water) from the leaves, stems, flowers, bark or roots or other elements of the plant [1]. These are also known as volatile or ethereal oils. Medicinal applications of essential oils range from skin treatment to remedies for cancer.

Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.) genotypes selected from Turkey

We determined the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of methanol extracts from fifteen selected jujube genotypes endogenous to the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Total phenolic content of the fruits was analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, while the total antioxidant activity was analyzed using the -carotene bleaching, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2- diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) assays. The highest total phenolic content was observed in MHS 6 and MHS 7 genotypes (42 and 40 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 dry weight (DW)), while the lowest content was found in MHS 5 and MHS 14 (28 and 25 mg GAE g-1 DW). MHS 13 was among the genotypes with the highest antioxidant capacity in all three methods tested (1237 imol g-1 in FRAP, 83% in -carotene bleaching method and 99% in DPPH). The present study demonstrates the potential value of jujube genotypes for pharmaceuticals and nutrition.

Antioxidant activity versus cytotoxic and NF-κ B regulatory activities on HT-29 cells by natural fruit juices

The antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging ability and lipid oxidation inhibitory activity) and the activity in cell culture (influence on HT-29 human colon cancer cell viability and NF-κ B activation) of natural fruit juices from red grape, strawberry, cherry and sour cherry were investigated in vitro. Analysis of polyphenolic composition of fruit juices showed the dominant presence of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside), anthocyanidins (procyanidins B1, B2 and B3), flavonoids (glucosides of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), and phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acid) in juices. DPPH test and β -carotene bleaching method indicated that grape, strawberry, cherry and sour cherry natural juices (at the concentration of 2.5%) showed very strong free radical scavenging (75-92%) and antioxidant activity (71-94%). In addition, at the concentration of 0.01% they showed complete inhibition of copper-induced oxidation of human LDL (low density lipoprotein). In contrast, selected fruit juices did not show cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cells and NF-κ B inhibitory activity (at the concentrations of 0.5% and 2%). Results of this study showed no correlation between the antioxidant activity of natural fruit juices from red grape, strawberry, cherry and sour cherry and their effect on HT-29 cell viability and NF-κ B inhibitory activity.

Antioxidant, Free Radical Scavenging and Metal Chelating Characteristics of Propolis

This study was undertaken to determine the reducing characteristics, metal chelating capability, anti-lipid peroxidative and antiradical properties of propolis compared to two widely used artificial antioxidants, Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT). The water and ethanol extracts of propolis showed significantly a different degree of metal chelating, radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In general, ethanol extracts of propolis showed higher activity regarding these parameters. Synthetic antioxidants showed better activities than both propolis extracts for antioxidant properties, utilizing a -carotene bleaching method. At higher concentrations, the reducing power of ethanol extract of propolis was similar to that of artificial antioxidants. The metal chelating activity of both water and ethanol extracts of propolis was comparable to that of EDTA and significantly higher than both BHA and BHT.

Rapid Methods for Lipoxygenase Assay in Sweet Corn

ABSTRACTPotential methods for rapid assay of sweet corn lipoxygenase (LPO) were evaluated and compared by visual inspection. Both model system (partially purified) and vegetable (LPO extract) system studies were carried out. Model system studies indicated that LPO had maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 2.0 mM linoleic acid. Methylene blue bleaching (MBB), carotene bleaching (CB), and potassium iodide‐starch (KI‐S) methods were evaluated both spectrophotometrically and visually. Both MBB and KI‐S methods were effective for the model system. For the vegetable LPO extract systems (sweet corn and green beans), the MBB method indicated positive results for both, the CB method was not effective for either, and the KI‐S method was very effective for green beans but not for sweet corn.

Antioxidative Activity of Nasunin in Chouja-nasu (Little Eggplant, Solanum melongena L. 'Chouja').

Antioxidative activities of nasunin, isolated from Chouja-nasu (little eggplant, Solanum melongena L.'Chouja'), and of some other anthocyanins were studied by measuring their inhibitory effect on carotene oxidation induced by linoleic acid-lipoxygenase system (carotene bleaching method) and on autoxidation of linoleic acid. Nasunin showed the strongest antioxidative activity followed by malvin and rubrobrassicin when their activities were measured by carotene bleaching method at pH 7, and by linoleic acid autoxidation system at pH 2.8. Delphinindin, malvidin and cyanidin, which are aglycones of nasunin, malvin and rubrobrassicin, respectively, also showed antioxidative activities. The antioxidative activity of nasunin was stronger than that of delphinidin at pH 2.8, and the activity of malvin and rubrobrassicin showed slight difference from that of malvidin and cyanidin, respectively. These results presumably indicate that the p-coumaric acid moiety of nasunin at least partly contributes to its strong antioxidative activity.