Caries Rates Research Articles

Investigation of the effects of embedded third molar to the second molar through cbct and panoramic radiography

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between these two methods by comparatively examining the caries, external root resorption, and periodontal bone destruction caused by impacted third molars on adjacent teeth by comparing panoramic and CBCT images. Methods: In this study, all the OPG and CBCT images of 388 impacted third molars belonging to 205 patients were evaluated. While impacted third molars were differentiated according to Pell & Gregory and Archer and Kruger classification criteria, distal caries, marginal bone loss, and external root resorption in the second molar were examined by panoramic and CBCT. Results: 388 impacted teeth were evaluated in 205 patients, and the rate of distal caries was 27.5% in panoramic radiographs and 31% in CBCT (p<0.05). External root resorption formation in second molars observed in CBCT was not observed in 18.8% of panoramic radiographs (p<0.05). Marginal bone loss was observed 9.8% more in CBCT than in panoramic x-rays (p<0.05). All three pathologies were observed at the highest rate in the Class 2 position, while distal caries was observed at the highest rate in position B. In the examinations performed for the lower and upper jaws, the rate of all three pathologies was found to be higher in the CBCT evaluation than in the panoramic radiography. Conclusion: CBCT; Although it is disadvantageous in terms of radiation dose and cost, it has been found to be more effective than panoramic x-ray in the detection of distal caries, marginal bone loss, and external root resorption pathologies. It is thought that this situation can be considered as a criterion in terms of profit-loss analysis when the examination is requested, thus preventing pathologies from being overlooked.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEVERITY OF DENTAL CARIES AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF TEENAGE GIRLS IN ORPHANAGES IN BANJARMASIN

Background: Teenagers experience an increase of caries rate every year, such as the rate of 4.9 in 2013 increased to 7.2 in 2018. The caries rate by female teenagers tends to be higher than the male's rate of 7.2 in number. Adolescents, especially female teenagers, have a high sensitivity to the perfection of their physical appearance and attractiveness so that the high caries rate can be a negative influence on their quality of life. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between the severity of caries and the quality of life teenage girls in female orphanages in Banjarmasin. Methods: The method that was used in this study was observational analytic with the implementation of a cross sectional approach. The samples were taken by using simple random sampling techniques with a cross sectional sample formula being applied, obtaining 42 respondents. The data were collected by using the DMF-T index measurement instrument and the Indonesian version of COHIP-SF 19 questionnaire which had been tested for validity and reliability tests. Results: The results of Rank-Spearman test data analysis obtained the significant value of 0.000 (p<0.05) which means the level of dental caries of teenage girls in the orphanages with their quality of life related to dental and oral health had a significant relation, the correlation value that was obtained was 0.531, which means the strength of the correlation was strong toward the positive direction correlation (unidirectional). Conclusion: There is a correlation between the severity of dental caries and the quality of life of teenage girls in the orphanages. Keywords : Caries, orphanage, quality of life, teenage girl

PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AND CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF UKRAINE

Actuality. The study of the prevalence of dental caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis (CCG) in schoolage children living in different regions of Ukraine is necessary to identify risk factors for their simultaneous development and to develop regionally targeted sets of preventive measures.
 The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in school-age children living in the cities of the central and northern regions.
 Materials and methods. 503 children aged 7 to 15 years old were examined, among them 150 children (29.2%) were examined in the city of Vinnytsia (central region), 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Chernihiv (northern region), and 148 children (29.4%) in the city of Kyiv (northern region) – 205 children (40.8%). We determined the prevalence of dental caries and CCG in children 7-8 years old, 12-13, and 15 years old, according to WHO recommendations.
 The results. The prevalence of dental caries in children 7-8 years old in Vinnytsia was 81.3±4.5%, in Chernihiv – 89.5%±4.9%, in Kyiv – 89.6±4.4%, in children 12-13 years old, according to the list of cities, – 68.0±5.4%, 80.8±7.7% and 89.7±3.1±%, in 15-year-old children living in Chernihiv, the prevalence of caries was 94.8±2.9%, in Kyiv – 86.7±4.2%. The prevalence of CCG in Vinnytsia among children aged 7-8 was equal to 18.7±4.5%, among children aged 12-13 – 36.0±5.5%, in Chernihiv – 31.6±7.5% and 40, 4±6.0%, in Kyiv – 22.9±6.1% and 43.3±5.0%, respectively. Among 15-year-old children in Chernihiv, the indicator was 51.7±6.1%, in Kyiv – 55.0±6.4%.
 Conclusion. Differences between the prevalence rates of dental caries and CCG in school-aged children, depending on the region, may be related to natural, geographical and environmental factors. Established correlations between disease prevalence indicators indicate their likely associated course and the need to develop complex preventive programs taking into account both monoand associated course, age characteristics and regional focus.

Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children's hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children's feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.

Development, implementation and evaluation of a dental hygienist supported daily toothbrushing programme in Irish pre-schools: A single-case experimental design.

Many pre-school children in Ireland experience dental caries in their primary dentition. The rate of dental caries varies, impacted by the levels of fluoride in the water and socio-economic status (18%-55%). This article reports on a novel initiative in which dental hygienists (DHs) supported pre-school teachers (PST) to implement a toothbrushing programme for children attending pre-schools in Ireland. It was hypothesised that such an initiative would create an environment in pre-schools that would improve the oral hygiene skills and habits of children and increase the oral health knowledge of parents and PST. A storybook (Brushing our teeth with Brush Bunny), a toothbrushing song and information leaflets were developed. DHs were provided with specific online training for the programme. The resources, including toothbrushes and toothpastes, were delivered to the pre-schools and training was provided by the DHs to the PST to prepare for and implement daily toothbrushing sessions. The standards for the toothbrushing programme followed the ChildSmile© programme. Before and after questionnaires gathered quantitative and qualitative data from the parents and PST. The toothbrushing programme was implemented by PST for 3 months. Sixteen DHs and PST from 19 classes in 17 schools successfully delivered the programme to 331 children, and 227 parents completed both pre- and post-questionnaires. Poor baseline knowledge in relation to the 'spit don't rinse' message increased from 29% to 48%. However, there was no improvement in awareness of the benefits of fluoride in toothpaste. Awareness of the best brushing routines in relation to frequency and length was good at baseline and remained so after the programme. Most parents (90%) felt the programme had impacted positively on their child's toothbrushing routine. This experimental study suggests that the logistics of implementing a daily toothbrushing routine to improve the oral hygiene skills and habits of pre-school children are possible in Irish pre-school settings when PST are supported by DHs. Parents' oral health knowledge may be improved, and it may impact positively on the children's daily toothbrushing routine. A larger study is required to confirm these findings.

Stair poster media as an effort to improve the dental health behavior of elementary school children

The prevalence rate of dental caries has experienced an increasing trend from year to year, so that the condition of dental and oral health problems in Indonesia is still worrying, especially for elementary school children. The high number of dental health problems is caused by many factors, one of which is the low level of dental health maintenance behavior. Promotive and preventive measures are needed to prevent dental and oral health problems, namely by providing dental and oral health education. Poster media is a medium or prop/tool that can be used to convey messages from communicators to the audience. Staircase poster media is a development of general poster media, this media is designed for the sequence/stages of maintaining dental health which are attached to the school steps. Objective: This research is to analyze the effectiveness of stair poster media in improving the dental health behavior of elementary school children. Method: This research used a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The research sample was 125 people taken using purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given dental health education using posters, while the control group was given dental health education using filpchart. Data were tested using Wilcoxon test analysis, namely a pre-post design, while to compare the means of the treatment and control groups, the Mann Whitney test was used. Results: The results of the test of differences in knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth show that the p-value between the intervention group and the control group is 0.000 (p <0.05), meaning that there is a difference between the values of knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth after dental health education with children's poster media. steps and dental health education with filpchart. Conclusion: dental health education using stair poster media is more effective in increasing the knowledge, attitudes and actions of brushing teeth in elementary school children compared to dental health education using flipcharts Keywords: Stair poster, media, dental health, behavior

Socioeconomic Position and Dental Caries in Latin America: A Systematic Review

People who are in a bad socioeconomic position usually experience bad health outcomes. Moreover, higher mortality rates are linked to deteriorating socioeconomic status. This trend can also be observed in oral health. Worldwide, the highest prevalence of disease caries in permanent teeth was observed in Andean Latin America. The aim of this review was to determine the risk of caries based on the socioeconomic position in Latin America. The protocol was designed in accordance with the Cochrane standards for systematic reviews. The search criteria met the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 152 articles were reviewed. Finally, 9 studies were included in the review. There is a direct association between socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, family income, and oral health education and patients' caries experience. Furthermore, this review highlights the lack of research in Latin America on oral health and the lack of policies based on scientific evidence to try to reduce the caries rate in the pediatric and adult population.

Preventive efficacy of silver diamine fluoride and MI Varnish on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization in children: A randomized controlled trial

Background: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and MI Varnish in preventing caries development, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity on molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in children. Methods: A total of 100 children aged 6 to 9 years were enrolled in the study with two contralateral permanent molars mildly affected by MIH. Affected molars were randomly and equally assigned to receive either SDF or MI Varnish treatment. The interventions were applied at four different time points (baseline, 3, 6, 9 months), and the incidence of caries, caries progression, enamel breakdown, and sensitivity were assessed. Results: The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the incidence of caries between the groups treated with SDF and MI Varnish (P-value < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference in caries progression between the two groups (P-value < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in enamel breakdown scores between the treatment groups, as the majority of teeth in both groups exhibited a score of 0. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in sensitivity between the treatment groups throughout the study period. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that molars treated with SDF demonstrated a lower incidence of caries and a higher rate of caries arrest compared to those treated with MI Varnish. Both interventions showed promise in preventing enamel breakdown and improving sensitivity. These findings highlight the potential of SDF and MI Varnish as effective treatments for caries prevention and management, emphasizing the importance of early intervention and appropriate dental care strategies in maintaining oral health. Trial registration: ISRCTN54243749 (13/01/2022).

Clinical validation of near-infrared imaging for early detection of proximal caries in primary molars

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to validate the near-infrared imaging (NIRI) in comparison with visual inspection (VI) for early detection of proximal caries in primary molars. MethodsVI and intraoral scans were performed on 126 patients aged 3–12 years with at least one non-cavitied and non-restored proximal tooth surface, who were scheduled for bite wing radiography (BWR) as part of their standard care. Teeth with signs of proximal cavities, restorations or residual caries were excluded in this study. BWR, a gold standard to diagnose proximal caries in primary molars, was used to validate the findings of NIRI and VI. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of NIRI and VI were calculated. ResultsThe accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of NIRI were 82.89%, 74.10% and 90.97%, while those of VI were 71.64%, 43.88% and 97.14%, respectively. NIRI showed higher accuracy and sensitivity, and lower specificity (P < 0.001). The AUC of NIRI was higher than that of VI (0.826 vs 0.706; P < 0.05). ConclusionsNIRI showed higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with VI when detecting proximal caries in primary molars. Therefore, it is recommended to use NIRI in combination with BWR to improve the detection rate of proximal caries in primary molars. Clinical significanceIn children, there is a high incidence of proximal caries in primary molars, which require high technical sensitivity for detection. NIRI shows high sensitivity in detecting proximal caries, which may improve their detection rate in primary molars.The clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2300070916

The Correlation of Oral Health Knowledge and Affective with Caries Rate in Rural Communities

The results of Riskesdas (Baseline Health Research) by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2018 revealed that the caries rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. However, the number of villagers receiving dental and oral health care was lower than in urban communities. Karangtengah Village was located in the Baturraden District, Banyumas Regency, which is socio-demographically rural. This study aims to determine the correlation between knowledge and affective of oral health on the caries rate in Karangtengah Village. The study was observational analytical research. Subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The total subjects were 388 residents. The knowledge and affective data were collected using a questionnaire, and the caries rate was scored using DMF-T. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test (SPSS 22). The results revealed that the oral health knowledge and affective of the majority of Karangtengah Village residents were in the moderate category (48.7% and 66.8%, respectively), while the average DMF-T score was 13.12 (very high). The statistical analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between knowledge and DMF-T score and between the affective aspect of oral health and DMF-T score (p0.5). The moderate category of oral health knowledge and affective aspect in rural areas may not have been applied as oral health behaviors contribute to high dental caries rates.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan based nanocapsules display antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACT Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease, and the bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the risk factors. The poor effect of existing anti-bacterial is mainly related to drug resistance, the short time of drug action, and biofilm formation. Methods To address this concern, we report here on the cinnamaldehyde (CA) loaded chitosan (CS) nanocapsules (CA@CS NC) sustained release CA for antibacterial treatment. The size, ζ-potential, and morphology were characterized. The antibacterial activities in vitro were studied by growth curve assay, pH drop assay, biofilm assay, and qRT-PCR In addition, cytotoxicity assay, organ index, body weight, and histopathology results were analyzed to evaluate the safety and biocompatibility in a rat model. Results CA@CS NC can adsorb the bacterial membrane due to electronic interaction, releasing CA slowly for a long time. At the same time, it has reliable antibacterial activity against S. mutans and downregulated the expression levels of QS, virulence, biofilm, and adhesion genes. In addition, it greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of CA and significantly inhibited dental caries in rats without obvious toxicity. Conclusion Our results showed that CA@CS NC had antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on S. mutans and inhibit dental caries. Besides, it showed stronger efficacy and less toxicity, and was able to adsorb bacteria releasing CA slowly, providing a new nanomaterial solution for the treatment of dental caries.

High frequency of dental caries and calculus in dentitions from a British medieval town

ObjectiveDental pathology and tooth wear data can offer valuable insights into the diet and behaviour of past populations. This study aimed to investigate the presence of dietary continuity by examining different types of dental pathology and tooth wear in a medieval sample from the United Kingdom, comparing them to earlier and later samples from the same location. DesignA comprehensive examination was conducted on 41 individuals (comprising 914 permanent teeth) retrieved from the medieval cemetery of St. Owens Church in Southgate Street, Gloucester, UK. The research focused on documenting and analysing various types of dental pathology and tooth wear, such as dental caries, calculus, and tooth chipping. The frequency of these specific pathologies and wear patterns was then compared to existing literature. Additionally, non-masticatory tooth wear was also evaluated as part of the study. ResultsThe sample exhibits high levels of carious lesions and calculus (24 % and 74 % of teeth respectively). Anterior teeth also show an elevated chipping frequency, and along with occlusal notches on the maxillary central incisors suggest teeth were regularly used for non-masticatory purposes. ConclusionsCaries frequency is similar to sites from later periods and may relate to the early adoption of consuming refined carbohydrates. However, remains from the same area, but the earlier Roman period, also shows high rates of caries and calculus, suggesting a continuation of consuming certain cariogenic foods, or certain behavioural/environmental factors, may instead be responsible for these pathology and wear patterns.

One step polishing to compare the mean surface roughness of nanohybrid and microhybrid composite resins

Objectives: This study's goal was to compare the mean surface roughness of nano hybrid and micro hybrid composites using a one-step polishing method. This comparison was made based on the idea that a material with reduced surface roughness will exhibit superior perishability, aesthetics, surface &amp; optical properties, which means less wear, less staining, low plaque, and low caries rate. Methodology: This comparative study was carried out in April 2023 at the Ayub Medical College in Abbottabad, Pakistan, with a sample size of 100 (50 in each group), determined by the WHO calculator. Using a mechanical stainless steel template, 120 composite resin specimens mounted on acrylic blocks with dimensions of 2 mm x 3 mm x 3 mm were created. Results: 100 samples, separated into two groups, were used in this study. According to descriptive statistics, mean surface roughness and standard deviations for Nano hybrid composite in Group A were recorded as 0.076+0.025 and for Micro hybrid composite in Group B, they were 0.001+0.036. Conclusion: After polishing with a one-step procedure, there is a noticeable difference between the surface roughness of nano hybrid and micro hybrid composite resins, indicating that the former has higher polish ability than the latter.

Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study.

Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.

Inequalities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians seen through the lens of oral health: time to change focus.

Inequitable social environments can illustrate changes needed in the social structure to generate more equitable social relations and behaviour. In Australia, British colonization left an intergenerational legacy of racism against Aboriginal people, who are disadvantaged across various social indicators including oral health. Aboriginal Australian children have poorer health outcomes with twice the rate of dental caries as non-Aboriginal children. Our research suggests structural factors outside individual control, including access to and cost of dental services and discrimination from service providers, prevent many Aboriginal families from making optimum oral health decisions, including returning to services. Nader's concept of 'studying up' redirects the lens onto powerful institutions and governing bodies to account for their role in undermining good health outcomes, indicating changes needed in the social structure to improve equality. Policymakers and health providers can critically reflect on structural advantages accorded to whiteness in a colonized country, where power and privilege that often go unnoticed and unexamined by those who benefit incur disadvantages to Aboriginal Australians, as reflected in inequitable oral health outcomes. This approach disrupts the discourse placing Aboriginal people at the centre of the problem. Instead, refocusing the lens onto structural factors will show how those factors can compromise rather than improve health outcomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Evolutionary ecology of inequality'.

Amyloid hexapeptide prevent dental caries by antibiofilm formation

ObjectivesBiofilm formed by cariogenic microbes is the direct cause of dental caries, therefore, prevention of dental caries should be anti-biofilm-based. Previously, we found the amyloid hexapeptides efficiently inhibited biofilm formation by aggregating into amyloid fibrils agglutinating microbes. This study aimed to select the most stable amyloid hexapeptide GIDLKI (GI6) and study its anti-caries effect. MethodsBiofilms of multi-species bacteria, derived from mixed saliva, were cultured to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation effect of GI6. And then, the primary cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) was cultured in BHI with various pH, gradient concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and calcium ions to evaluate the anti-biofilm formation effects of GI6. Then models of human enamel block caries and twenty male SPF-SD rat caries induced by S. mutans biofilm were constructed, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography were applied to investigate the anti-biofilm formation, anti-caries effects and use safety of GI6. ResultsGI6 could inhibit the multi-species bacteria biofilm formation and remained effective in anti-biofilm activity against S. mutans in environments closely related to caries. GI6 suppressed S. mutans biofilm formation and thus prevented or alleviated the development of caries in human tooth blocks and rat teeth. GI6 did not affect the intestinal flora, serum biochemical parameters, and the pathological changes of various organs. ConclusionsAmyloid hexapeptides, including but not limited to GI6, are novel effective anti-caries agents that can be used to prevent dental caries safely. Clinical significanceThis study explored the anti-biofilm formation and anti-caries effect of GI6 in vitro, highlighting the anti-biofilm formation therapy for dental caries and setting a foundation for the practical application of GI6 for the treatment of dental caries.

Facial Exercise as an Effort to Improve Quality of Life in Elderly People With Xerostomia at Posyandu, Gedawang Village Banyumanik, Semarang

ABSTRACT Background: The function of the organs of the elderly as they get older will decrease (organ degeneration), both due to natural factors and due to disease. An estimated 30% of seniors aged 65 years and older have decreased saliva production. Decreased saliva production causes complaints of dry mouth which is often known as xerostomia. This situation is caused by atrophy of the salivary glands (saliva) which will reduce salivary production and change its composition. The decreased salivary secretion will cause discomfort in the oral cavity, pain, and increased rates of dental caries and oral infections. Facial gymnastics is the act of giving massage to the facial area from top to bottom around the cheeks, mouth, and chin, this activity can stimulate the function of the oral cavity.Research objective: to analyze the effectiveness of facial exercises on the quality of life of elderly people with xerostomia.Research Methods: Quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design, a sample of 30 elderly people with xerostomia. Facial exercise treatment was carried out for 30 days, measurements were carried out using the Xerostomia Related Quality of Life Scale (XeQoLS). Questionnaires were given before and after treatment.Results: The results showed that after doing facial exercises there was an increase in salivary secretion from an average of 0.6 ml/per minute to 1.1 ml/per minute, and the results of the paired t-test p-value = 0.000. The majority of respondents had a low quality of life of 53% and after doing facial exercises the majority of respondents had a high quality of life of 57%, with the results of the paired t-test p-value = 0.000. This can happen because the implementation of facial exercises gets mechanical stimulation. The stimulation given can increase the flow of salivary secretion which directly affects the increase in saliva volume. The normal salivary secretion will cause a sense of comfort in the oral cavity, thereby increasing the quality of life of the elderly.

The Assessment of the Association Between Systemic Diseases and Dental Findings

Objective: In dentistry, systemic diseases are extremely important in terms of taking the required precautions for overall health and preventing complications before they emerge. Many clinicians are aware of the oral symptoms of systemic diseases; nevertheless, the major source of the problem must be addressed in order to limit the rate of misdiagnosis due to systemic origins and establish an appropriate treatment strategy. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between systemic diseases and dental health.&#x0D; Methods: The study included 200 individuals, 100 women and 100 men, all between the ages of 25 and 75, who had at least one systemic disease. The patients’ medical records and panoramic radiography were examined. In the panoramic radiographs of the patients, the existence of existing teeth, caries, restorations, prostheses, and endodontic conditions were documented, taking into consideration the presence of systemic disorders, gender, and age of the patients.&#x0D; Results: Caries rates were significantly higher in the 25-40 age group (43.3%) than in the 41-60 age group (20.7%) (p0.05). The prevalence of prosthesis was statistically significantly greater in patients with cardiovascular disease (64.3%) than in patients without cardiovascular disease (47.7%) (p

Current status of primary dental caries among 2 - 4 year-old children in some kindergartens in Ngu Hanh Son district, Danang city in 2022

Background: Early childhood caries is defined as the presence of one or more carious lesions, tooth loss or decay on any primary tooth in a child ≤ 71 months of age. This study aims to investigate the state of primary dental caries and its relationship with some factors in 2 - 4 year old kindergarten children in Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city in 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 423 children aged 2 - 4 years old in 2 kindergartens, in Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city, during March-April 2022. The state of caries was assessed according to the dmf index, distributed by age, gender and related factors. Results: There were 75.9% with dmf index was 6.15 ± 5.80, which increased with age, no difference between two genders and most common in the maxillary middle incisors and the mandibular molars. Risk factors are associated with rates of caries, while protective factors did not significantly affect the rate of caries. Conclusion: The state of primary dental caries in Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city is still high. Protective factors did not significantly affect the rate of caries. Therefore, it is necessary to consider implementing early and more appropriate preventive measures for childhood caries. Key words: primary dental caries, kindergarten children, dmf index, risk factor, protective factor.

The impact of infant feeding and oral hygiene habits on early childhood caries: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the Early Childhood Caries (ECC)/severe-ECC (S-ECC) and prolonged breast-feeding (BF), bottle-feeding, and oral hygiene habits in 0-year-old to 5-year-old Turkish children. Dental examinations were performed on 255 patients to determine the prevalence of the ECC and the S-ECC as per the definition of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. To predict the progress rate of caries, noncavitated and cavitated lesion scores were assessed by using the International caries detection and assessment system II criteria. Information on infant feeding practices, oral hygiene habits, maternal characteristics, and demographic features were gathered by means of a questionnaire. The results were statistically evaluated. There were no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the ECC. And there were also no associations between BF duration, night-time BF, bottle-feeding, and the S-ECC. Cavitated lesions were more common in children breastfed at night for 18-23 months compared to 12-17 months (P = 0.031). Sweetened bottle was an impact factor on caries experience (P = 0.042). A significant correlation was found for dmft, S-ECC, and the cavitated lesions regarding sugar consumption (P = .001, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). Early introduction to tooth-brushing and regular dental visits were significantly effective in reducing the ECC (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). BF and bottle-feeding practices were not associated with the ECC/S-ECC. Sweetened bottles and sugary foods are strong risk factors for the ECC/S-ECC.