Caries In Preschool Children Research Articles

Family-related risk indicators and dental attendance in association with dental caries in preschool children

BackgroundDetermining risk indicators behind dental caries is important for identifying children in need of enhanced dental care. The aim of this register-based study was to investigate the association of family-related risk indicators and dental attendance in the development of dental caries in preschool children.MethodsThe data for this study were collected from the medical records of 206 randomly chosen preschool children who lived in the city of Oulu, Finland, during 2014–2020. Data on challenges in family life, missing appointments and utilization of oral health care were collected. Sum functions were formed of risk indicators. Analyses were carried out for three age groups (1- to 2-, 3- to 4- and 5- to 6-year-olds) born between 2014 and 2018.ResultsThere was a significant association between the number of family-related risk indicators and the prevalence of manifested caries lesions in the age group of 5- to 6-year-olds. All family-related risk indicators and information about health care utilization were associated with dental caries risk. Challenges in a child’s family life were present among 20.3% of the 5- to 6-year-olds. In all age groups, the most common challenges in family life were parental exhaustion and problems in the parents’ relationship or divorce.ConclusionFamily-related risk indicators and dental attendance should be considered when determining caries risk. The caries risk indicators investigated here are associated with each other.

The Effectiveness of Online Dental Health Education to Changes Mother's Behavior on Preventing Dental Caries in Preschool Age Children

Background and purpose: Dental health education for mothers is very important in maintaining the dental health of preschool children. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were limitations in the direct education process, so it is very important to conduct online dental health education. Purpose: This study purpose to compare the effectiveness of dental health education with audiovisual media, modules, and posters given online through Whatsapp media in improving the behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) of mothers in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Methods: Research subjects were determined by consecutive sampling according to those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total 73 subject of this study divided into three group intervention, 21 subjects in poster group, 23 subjects in modules group and 29 subjects in audiovisual group. The intervention was carried out by providing posters, modules, and videos of children's dental health education through online discussions in the Whatsapp group. Questionnaires were given before the intervention (pre-test), two weeks (post-test 1) and four weeks after the intervention (post-test 2). Results: Online dental health education with posters, modules and audiovisuals is effective in improving mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Audiovisual and module method are more effective than poster to improve mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children (p<0,001). Conclusion: Dental health education online with audiovisual media has the best effectiveness in improving maternal behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children.

Integrated Health Solutions: Addressing the Co-occurrence of Otitis Media With Effusion and Early Childhood Caries in Preschool Children.

Introduction: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common middle ear condition, which frequently affects children and can lead to hearing impairment, speech delays, and developmental issues. Early childhood caries (ECC) is another prevalent pediatric condition defined by the presence of decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in children under six years old. Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of OME and ECC, the association between these two conditions, and the risk and severity of ECC among preschool children with OME. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a single tertiary center. A total of 206 preschool children aged six and below with hearing impairment or speech delay were recruited. They were grouped as follows: with OME (n= 129) and without OME (n = 77). Demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained, followed by otoscopy, anterior rhinoscopy, and tympanometric assessment. The subjects were further stratified into having ECC or not by conducting a dental examination for caries detection, whose findings were documented using Dental Charting and Caries Risk Assessment (CRA). Tympanometric width (TW) was also analyzed to measure its association with tympanic membrane appearance. Results: 51.5% (n=106) of children with OME were found to have ECC. They predominantly had mild ECC (49.1%), and most (51%) were at moderate risk for caries based on the CRA (P < 0.001). A significant association between OME and ECC was observed (p < 0.001). Tympanometry results documented a strong correlation between TW greater than 200 daPa and abnormal tympanic membrane findings in OME (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The association between OME and ECC in preschool children necessitates integrated healthcare approaches for early detection and management. Reliable diagnostic tools, such as tympanic width measurement for OME and CRA for ECC, are crucial in addressing these health issues. Early intervention and comprehensive care can mitigate the risks and improve health outcomes for affected children.

Characteristics Of Occlusion In Primary Dentition And Its Relationship With Caries In Preschool Children In Aydın

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of occlusion in primary dentition and examine its relationship to caries experience in preschoolers in Aydın, TÜRKİYE. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 962 children aged 3–5 years from preschoolers in a cross-sectional design. The clinical features were evaluated according to Björk et al and the caries examination was carried out with dft index. Results: The most common type of terminal plane relationship was flush type (46.7%) and primary canine relationship was Class I (69.6%). The most common type of irregularity was the prevalence of deep overbite (55.7%) followed by midline deviation (15.8%). Approximately half of the children (51.2%) had at least one carious tooth but caries experience was not related with any of the occlusal irregularities. Conclusion: Occlusal characteristics of the preschool children were defined and no relationship was found between these features and gender or caries experience.

Analysis of the Association between Stunting and Saliva Potential of Hydrogen (pH) in Preschool Children

Stunting can affect dental health due to changes in saliva content. Saliva that cannot work optimally will increase the risk of dental caries. The problem in this research is the high level of caries in preschool children at the DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten. This study aims to determine the association between stunting and the potential of hydrogen (pH) in the saliva of preschool children at DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency. The study design was an analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach, the sample in this study was 40 students who were determined using the Slovin formula with a proportional stratified random sampling technique. The stunting variable data collection method was measuring of Height/Age using microtoise and the saliva pH variable was measured using pH meters, and the data analysis techniques used the chi-squared test. Results: There is an association between stunting and the saliva pH in preschool children at DWP V Jatirejo Kindergarten. The Height/Age measurement results to determine the stunting status of respondents were found to be dominated by short height (stunted), and the saliva pH category of respondents was dominated by the acidic category.

Effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundOne of the most prevalent health problems affecting children worldwide is untreated caries in primary teeth. Agents to arrest caries are used to manage untreated decay in children in disadvantaged communities. Nano Silver Fluoride (NSF) overcomes the staining problems of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). This study compared the clinical cariostatic effect of NSF to 38% SDF for arresting caries lesions.MethodsThe study included 360 children younger than 4 years, with at least one active lesion, ICDAS score ≥ 3, recruited from nurseries in a rural area in Alexandria, Egypt, in 2022. They were randomly assigned to receive a single application of NSF at baseline, or two applications of SDF at baseline and after 6 months. The arrest of active carious lesions was assessed after 6 and 12 months using ICDAS criteria, and parents’ satisfaction with child appearance was also assessed. Chi-Square test was used to compare the groups and multi-level multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the intervention on caries arrest at lesion level and binary logistic regression was used to assess the effect at patient level.Results1853 active lesions were included in children whose mean (SD) age was 42.3 (8.2) months. The arrest rate was significantly higher in the NSF than the SDF group at lesion level (78.4% and 65.0% at 6 months and 71.3% and 56.3% at 12 months, p < 0.001). In regression analysis, NSF had significantly higher odds of caries arrest than SDF at lesion level (at 6 months, AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.55, 4.26 and at 12 month, AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.89, 5.67). Parents of children receiving NSF had significantly greater satisfaction with their children’s dental appearance than those receiving SDF: (97.2% and 76.1%, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionNSF demonstrated greater effectiveness in arresting caries in preschool children without inducing black staining of teeth and with greater parental satisfaction than SDF. NSF can be an alternative to SDF in arresting caries especially in underprivileged communities.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry (#NCT05255913)-16/02/2022.

Analysis of relationship between caries index and stunting in preschool children in Indonesia

A condition known as stunting results from a persistently low nutritional intake during the first 1000 days of life. It is characterized by a height based on age that is less than two standard deviations from the World Health Organization's (WHO) median standard. There are two categories for stunting: short (Z Score -2 SD) and very short (Z Score -3 SD). Stunting results in a number of oral health issues, including delayed milk tooth eruption, atrophy of the developing salivary glands, reduced salivary flow, and an elevated risk of dental caries. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the caries index and stunting in preschool children (3-6 years) in Indonesia. This research is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 98 children taken randomly in Sidenreng Rappang Regency, Indonesia. Determination of nutritional status based on anthropometric measurements, such as height and weight measurements based on age groups. The Decay Missing Filled-Teeth (DMF-T) examination is conducted by looking at teeth that are decayed, filled and missing. Furthermore, the severity of dental caries is categorized into low (DMF-T 0-2.6), medium (DMF-T 2.7-4.4), and high (DMF-T &gt; 4.5) with data analyzed using the chi-square test. The results of measuring nutritional status showed that 78 children (79.6%) experienced stunting. There are 17 children (17.34%) with DMF-T scores in the low category, 7 children (7,114%) in the medium category, and 26 children (26.53%) in the high category. The results of bivariate analysis show p = 0.000 so that there is a significant relationship between stunting and the severity of dental caries in preschool children in Sidenreng Rappang Regency. It is necessary to increase health promotion efforts related to stunting and dental health through health education activities that involve the role of parents in choosing food intake and maintaining the cleanliness of children's teeth and mouths.

Dental caries and associated factors among preschool children in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDental caries is a global public health problem, especially for young children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors among preschool children in...

IMPACT OF ECC ON THE ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES

Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the presence of one or more decayed, missing or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger. Quality of life is peoples perception of their position in life, in context to the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Presence of dental caries in preschool children affects their quality of life and also, has negative impact on the parents quality of life. Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the impact of ECC on the oral health related quality of life of urban preschool children aged 24-71 months. Methodology: The present study was carried out to determine the impact of various oral conditions on the oral health-related quality of life of 24-71 months old urban preschool children. Result: Presence of ECC was found to significantly affect (p=0.003) the oral health related quality of life of preschool children and their families.

Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics for Dental Caries in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Early childhood caries is one of the most serious and high-priced oral health conditions among young children. With advancing dental sciences, the focus of dental caries treatment is shifted from restorative procedures to preventive measures, and a modality grabbing attention is probiotics. Probiotics exert their effects in many ways as chemical inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and stimulation of the immune response through the production of immunoglobulin A and many more. This systematic review aims to explore the efficacy and safety of probiotics in dental caries in preschool children. The study was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42020159058). The search was done for randomized control trials in electronic databases such as Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, and Embase. It has further included manual searches of journals, conference abstracts, and books. Three reviewers done the selection of the study as per the criteria and also did the risk of bias assessment independently and wherever required, a fourth reviewer resolved the discrepancy in case of disagreement. The nine randomized control trials were included in the study, and the pooled analysis revealed probiotics as an effective intervention in preschool children with dental caries. The results about the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of dental caries are very encouraging, though the level of evidence is still inadequate.

Trends and age-period-cohort effect on dental caries prevalence from 2008 to 2019 among Brazilian preschoolers.

This study aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children and associated factors considering different time variations. This is a time series study performed using data from three cross-sectional studies with pre-school children from southern Brazil in 2008, 2013 and 2019. This children group was born between the years of 2003 to 2018. Dental caries was evaluated by decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft index). Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial variables were also collected. Chi-square test for trends and a hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) analysis using multilevel Poisson regression model for testing the associations between predictor variables and dental caries experience were used. A total of 1,644 pre-school children participated in all surveys. There was a significant difference in caries experience considering all APC effects. The prevalence of dental caries was 25.0% in 2008, 16.3% in 2013, and 19.4% in 2019 (p < 0.01) and no statistical difference was observed. An age effect showed that older children were more likely to experience dental caries. Considering the cohort effect, there is a significant difference between the generations, mainly between 2003 and 2018. Household income, use of dental services, and parent's perception of child oral health were associated with dental caries experience no matter the time variation. Despite recent declines in dental caries prevalence among preschool children, caries levels increased with age and social inequalities persisted through the years, indicating a need of reviewing the policies to reduce the burden of this oral disease.

Dynamics of the demineralization of temporary teeth using ultrasonic shadow velosymmetry and autofluorescence microscopy &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;

BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of caries in preschool children, additional methods for diagnosing hidden carious foci with deep structural demineralization of the hard tissues of temporary teeth without generating X-rays must be updated.&#x0D; AIM: To improve methods for studying the demineralization of hard tissues of primary teeth using ultrasonic shadow velosymmetry and autofluorescence microscopy.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included primary second molars (n=11). Samples of primary teeth were placed in a test tube with a demineralizing solution on days 1, 4, 8, 21, and 31. The samples were examined by autofluorescence microscopy and ultrasonic shadow velosymmetry according to the exposure time. The rate of acid demineralization of the primary teeth samples was assessed using our score scale. The averages were compared using the Wilcoxon W-test (p 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was used, taking into account the statistical significance of the correlation coefficients for p 0.05.&#x0D; RESULTS: Analysis of samples of hard tissues of primary teeth by ultrasonic shadow velosymmetry showed that the velocity of the ultrasonic wave passage decreases with increasing exposure to the demineralizing solution and acquires a linear character with a negative regression coefficient. The decrease in the ultrasonic wave velocity in the enamel and dentin of the samples directly correlated with the degree of demineralization.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The conducted experiment on the hard tissues of primary teeth showed that demineralization not only leads to micromorphological structural changes in the hard tissues of enamel and dentin but also affects the physical and acoustic properties of the samples.

PARENTAL EDUCATION, CARIES EXPERIENCE, PLAQUE ACCUMULATION, AND Mutans Streptococci COUNT MAY PREDICT THE INCREMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN OVER 24 MONTHS

RISK PREDICTORS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES INCREMENT-A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Lam PPY, Chua H, Ekambaram M, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2022 Sep;22(3):101732. Government TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.

Current data on caries in preschool children

Current data on caries in preschool children

Early childhood caries: parents’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards its prevention in refugee camps in Erbil, Iraq

BackgroundEarly childhood caries is a significant oral health issue in socially deprived communities, including refugees, where prevention plays a crucial role in minimizing the challenges and costs associated with treating early childhood caries. To improve oral health outcomes, it is important to understand parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices. This study aims to assess the oral health knowledge, practices, and attitudes of refugee parents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 503 parents/caregivers residing in Erbil’s refugee camps in Iraq, with healthy preschool children aged one to six years. Structured questionnaire was utilized in conducting individual interviews with parents to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The questionnaire collected demographic information and data on access to oral health services.ResultsA total of 503 out of 505 households actively participated in the study, resulting in a high response rate of 99.6%. Demographic analysis revealed that the majority of respondents were female parents, constituting 92.05% of the sample. Within the participant pool, the primary age groups were 26–35 years (55.3%) and 18–25 years (26.2%). Educational background analysis revealed that a significant proportion of parents had attained a secondary school education (29.6%) or primary school education (27.4%). Statistical analysis further established a noteworthy association between educational background and knowledge level. The investigation of participants’ knowledge uncovered notable gaps and misconceptions pertaining to early childhood caries, with an overall mean score of 5.1. Assessing the overall attitude of parents, a mean score of 3.87 (SD = 1.29) suggested a generally unfavorable attitude towards oral hygiene practices and prevention of early childhood caries. In terms of actual practices, parents demonstrated a mean practice score of 5.7.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes knowledge gaps and misconceptions among parents in refugee camps regarding early childhood caries in preschool children. Findings revealed low knowledge scores, limited understanding of hidden sugars, delayed oral hygiene practices, and limited knowledge about fluoride.

Analysis of the cleansing effect of PRESIDENT children’s toothpastes in preschool children

In the course of the work, the clinical effectiveness of PRESIDENT and PRESIDENT children’s toothpastes in the prevention of dental caries in preschool children was evaluated. The children were divided into two groups according to age and toothpaste used. The first group included 40 children aged 3–6 years who used PRESIDENT children’s toothpaste (Strawberry) for oral hygiene. In the second group, there were 40 children aged 3–6 years old who visited the garden and used the children’s toothpaste PRESIDENT (Lollipop) with fluoride (500 ppm). The annual use of the studied toothpastes led to a significant improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in all participants in the study. The numerical values of the PLI plaque index decreased by 68–70% PRESIDENT pastes have high cleaning and anti-plaque properties, thanks to which a high level of protection of teeth in childhood is achieved

Relationship Between Mother's Level of Knowledge About Dental Health Maintenance and Dental Caries in Pre-School Age Children

Introduction: Dental caries in pre-school aged 3-6 years often occurs due to one of the main factors, namely the lack of knowledge of parents, especially mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of mother's knowledge about maintaining dental health and the incidence of dental caries in pre-school-aged children. Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques by observing dental caries and distributing questionnaires. The research sample is 123 respondents with total sampling technique. Results: most of the respondents were aged 25-34 years (50.4%), mother's education was tertiary as many as 68 respondents (55.3%), and the majority were housewives as many as 64 respondents (52.0%). The distribution of the description of the level of knowledge of the majority of mothers is sufficient, namely in 100 respondents (81.3%). Characteristics of the children showed that most of them were aged 5-6 years as many as 99 people (80.5%), and the majority were male as many as 72 children (58.5%). There were 108 children (87.8%) affected by dental caries. the majority of the mother's level of knowledge is sufficient, there are 104 children (100.0%) with dental caries. The results of the fisher exact test analysis found that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about maintaining dental health and the incidence of dental caries in pre-school children (p value 0.000 α 0.05). Conclusion: Mother's level of knowledge influences the incidence of dental caries in pre-school children.

The Effect of Bibliotherapy in Teeth-brushing Behavior to Prevent Dental Caries Among Pre-School Children

Background: Dental caries is a dental disease caused by the presence of food residue and bacteria for a long time, where the bacteria produce acid which can cause tooth decay. In order for preschool-aged children to prevent tooth decay, bibliotherapy is needed which can provide insight and change the behavior of preschoolers. Bibliotherapy is using a story to start a discussion about a problem and it should be used as an alternative to problem solving. Purpose: To determine the effect of bibliotherapy on tooth brushing behavior for the prevention of dental caries in preschool children at one of kindergarten in South Jakarta, Indonesia. Method: This study used quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design, where the intervention group is measured or observed before and after the intervention. The research sample consisted of 30 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The research instrument is a tooth-brushing behavior questionnaire. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test to determine the effect of bibliotherapy on tooth-brushing behavior. Results: The behavior of the respondents before the intervention showed that the behavioral variable with good category was 13.3% and after the intervention showed that the variable with good behavior increased to 96.7%. The results of the study obtained a p value of 0.000 &lt;0.05 which indicates that bibliotherapy has an effect on tooth-brushing behavior. Conclusion: There is an effect of bibliotherapy on tooth-brushing behavior to prevent dental caries in preschool children in one of kindergarten in South Jakarta.

Infant Dietary Pattern and its Association with Early Childhood Caries in Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between feeding and oral hygiene practices during the first year of life and caries prevalence in preschool children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 children between the age-group of 3-5 years in Navi Mumbai, India. Dental caries experience was recorded using WHO criteria. A validated questionnaire with 34 questions was used for collecting information regarding feeding and oral hygiene practices. The data collected were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Chi-square test. Caries prevalence was high and statistically significant (p < 0.05) among those who were breastfed, fell asleep with a bottle in the mouth, fed with additional sugar in bottled milk, those who had a frequent sweet intake, and where infant's teeth were not cleaned soon after eruption. Determining the role of feeding practices on early childhood caries and intervention during early childhood seems to be the most appropriate action to ensure healthy dental habits throughout life. A future direction for dentists to target preventive interventions in early childhood and incorporate cariogenicity of frequent infant feeding into sound recommendations for parents and caregivers. Khodke S, Naik S, Agarwal N. Infant Dietary Pattern and its Association with Early Childhood Caries in Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):421-425.

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Perawatan Gigi Dengan Karies Gigi Anak Usia Pra Sekolah 4-5 Tahun

Pre-school age children are a period of child growth. Caries is a case experienced by pre-school age children. The 2018 Basic Health Research, the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3-4 years in Indonesia is 36.4%, the prevalence of dental caries in pre-school children in South Sulawesi is 73.6%, the prevalence of dental caries in East Luwu is 82.8%, and the prevalence of dental caries at the age of pre-children as in Nuha District 89.2%. This condition is very concerning considering that pre-school children still need the role of parents in caring for their health, especially dental health. In this case, parental knowledge is needed in guiding and giving more attention so that children do not experience caries. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of mothers about dental care and dental caries in pre-school aged children 4-5 years at Al-Ikhwan Kindergarten. The research method used is analytic observational with a retrospective approach. This research was conducted in May 2023 with the subjects of this study being parents, especially mothers whose children attended TK Al-Ikhwan as many as 89 people. Collecting data using a questionnaire sheet. Analysis of research data using Univariate and Bivariate Test analysis. The level of parents' knowledge about dental health is mostly in the sufficient category (47, 21%). The majority of respondents experienced media caries (61.79%). Ha is accepted with ƿ Value – 0.006, correlation coefficient -0.946. There is a relationship between the level of parental knowledge about dental health and the occurrence of caries in preschool children aged 4-5 years at TK-Al Ikhwan, East Luwu Regency.