Introduction: Dental caries is still among the most prevalent of all attacks on human health, thus becoming a serious public health problem worldwide. It is believed that to change this situation, the implementation of primary care emphasizing prevention and promotion of oral health to vulnerable groups can improve the quality of life, decreasing the polarization of the disease. Thus, preventive measures to minimize the onset and progression of caries in occlusal surfaces are essential. Objective : the purpose of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to discuss the key scientific evidence regarding the indication and ionomeric resin sealants to prevent occlusal caries in first permanent molars. Literature Review : this review discussed the principal evidence from randomized clinical trials and not randomized, and systematic reviews and meta-analysis carried out in order to clarify the effectiveness of sealants and ionomeric resin in relation to the prevention of dental caries. Conclusion : based on available evidence, the protective effect of sealing resin to tooth seems to be not significantly different from ionomeric sealants.