Cargo Pump Research Articles

Case Study: Pengaruh Keretakan Shaft Kopling Pompa Kargo Terhadap Kinerja Pompa Kargo Di SPOB Sea World One

This article discusses the effect of a cracked clutch shaft on the performance of the gear pump type cargo pump at SPOB Sea World One. Damage was found to the clutch shaft which was indicated by a decrease in the pump flow rate on the ship during bunker service. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause clutch shaft cracks, as well as determine the impact of these cracks, and the handling efforts carried out on the clutch shaft. The method used in this research is a qualitative method which produces descriptive data in the form of written explanations. Data collection takes the form of an approach to the research object through direct observation and interviews as well as taking data from the ship. Based on the observations, it was concluded that the impact of the shaft cracking caused noise due to a gap and a drop in pump pressure. And it was found that the factor causing the shaft crack was the lack of implementation of a planned maintenance system on board the ship for the cargo pump, causing the pump to experience over running hours. Turning was carried out as an effort to handle the clutch shaft with an original diameter of 12 cm.

Модель информационно-измерительной системы контроля центробежного грузового насоса на танкере-химовозе типа «Иван Поддубный»

On chemical tankers, the main cargo devices are pumps, so it is necessary to constantly monitor their operating conditions and performance indicators during operation. The article discusses modeling using MATLAB/Simulink software of a single-stage horizontal centrifugal pump, which can be used to create an information-measuring system for monitoring the performance of cargo pumps using the example of a chemical tanker of the Ivan Poddubny type. An analysis of the modeling results is carried out, including an assessment of pump efficiency, pressure loss and other indicators in various operating modes. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the operation of the pump under various loads and variable conditions. The simulated pump worked with seven different liquids pumped in chemical tankers: ethyl alcohol, N-propyl alcohol, phenol, chloroform, castor oil, 55% nitric acid and water. After this, a neural network was created using the MATLAB/Neural Network Fitting Tool application. The input data of the network were volumetric flow, pressure, shaft power, torque and suction pressure. The output value was the pump efficiency, the value of which was estimated for each fluid. The root mean square error of approximation was very close to zero. According to these results, the artificial neural network showed satisfactory results for predicting the efficiency of the centrifugal cargo pump of the Ivan Poddubny type chemical tanker; therefore, it can be used in ship information and measurement systems. Overall, this paper represents a valuable research contribution to the field of modeling horizontal centrifugal pumps using Simulink that can be useful to engineers and researchers involved in the design and optimization of these pumps.

Optimization of Cargo Pump Treatment by Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Loading at MT. Cipta Anyer

The research is motivated by the occurrence of mechanical seal leakage in cargo pumps, which hampers the efficiency of the loading and unloading process. A mechanical seal is a mechanical component used in various industrial applications, such as pumps, to prevent leakage from the rotating shaft and stationary wall.
 The research method used in this thesis is qualitative descriptive, employing the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) approach to facilitate data analysis. The data collection methods utilized by the author include observation, interviews, and documentary studies to strengthen the data analysis. The objectives of this research are to identify the causes of damage to the mechanical seal, the handling of mechanical seal damage, and the efforts/methods to prevent mechanical seal damage on MT. Cipta Anyer.
 The conclusion revolves around the causes of mechanical seal damage, the methods to handle such damage and preventive measures. The causes of damage include surface wear connected to the pump shaft, direct contact of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with the cargo pump, and incorrect installation of spare parts for the mechanical seal. Solutions to address the damage involve identifying the specific issues, replacing them with genuine and compliant spare parts, and ensuring proper and procedure-compliant installation. To prevent damage, it is advisable to utilize modern equipment, maintain supervision by engineers, and select experienced crew members.

Crude Palm Oil Unloading Activities At Mt. Giat Armada 01

Loading and unloading is one of the activities carried out on board both when the ship is docked at the port or ship to ship. However, at the time of loading and unloading that occurred on the ship MT. Giat Armada 01 problems occur so that the loading and unloading process becomes less optimal.The research method that the writer uses in this thesis is qualitative descriptive with the Fishbone approach as a data analysis technique. Fishbone is shaped like a fishbone skeleton whose parts resemble the head and bones of fish. Fishbone is used to determine the causal relationship of the causal factors, the impact they cause, and the efforts made to optimize the handling of loading and unloading on the MT.Giat Armada01. The results of the research conducted, it can be said that loading and unloading handling at MT. Giat Armada 01. is not optimal. caused by the lack of maintenance of the equipment used for loading and unloading, damaged and poorly maintained cargo pump, lack of heating, lack of application of procedures for handling loading and unloading, and the length of the Jetty Batilicin pipe line shore. These factors have an impact on the less optimal handling of loading and unloading during loading and unloading, increased working hours, damage and loss of equipment used to support loading and unloading activities. To overcome these factors, it can be done by carrying out maintenance and checking of each tool used for loading and unloading, carrying out routine repairs and maintenance on the cargo pump, carrying out cargo maintenance, loading and unloading and squezing according to procedures, and always conducting safety meetings. before unloading or loading.

АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЕ ПОДШИПНИКОВ ГРУЗОВЫХ НАСОСОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВЕЙВЛЕТ-ПАКЕТНОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И КОМПЬЮТЕРНОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The article presents research, theoretical foundations, materials and diagnostic methods using the wavelet
 method. At peak loads, transient modes or frequent operation o f the cargo pump, the degradation o f pump
 components and especially bearings increases. Such modes (especially the first two) o f operation increase the
 mechanical vibration o f rolling bearings, which can lead to their premature destruction. The readings are taken
 during the pump start and filtered by the average value, converting it into a wavelet packet. Filtered series are
 used to estimate the relationship between the maximum displacement o f the curve and accumulated operating
 time. The evaluation equation associated with vibration standards sets the time spent in a state o f degradation
 and simulates the process o f equipment wear taking into account the sequence o f maximum displacements o f
 the curves

Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component

Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.

Reduced energy losses during transportation of drilling fluid by Platform Supply Vessels

The object of research is the process of drilling fluid transportation by Platform Supply Vessels. The subject of research is the energy losses when pumping drilling fluid from a platform supply vessel to an oil platform. The research was carried out on a vessel with deadweight of 3840 tons. It has been experimentally established that for a drilling fluid with an initial density of 1272 kg/m3 for transportation within 6–48 hours, the following changes in rheological characteristics occur: – a layer with a density of 1235–962 kg/m3 is formed on the surface of the cargo tank; – a layer with a density of 1283–1422 kg/m3 is formed in the bottom part of the tank; – sedimentation resistance decreases by 3.89–47.82 %. A variant of modernization of the drilling fluid transportation system by installing additional circulation pumps providing forced circulation of the drilling fluid between cargo tanks is proposed. Additional circulation of the drilling fluid with an initial density of 1272 kg/m3 for transportation within 6–48 hours ensures that the rheological characteristics are maintained in the following range: – density on the surface of the cargo tank 1270–1232 kg/m3; – density in the bottom of the tank 1288–1338 kg/m3; – decrease in sedimentation resistance 1.42–7.92 %. Similar results were established for drilling fluid with an initial density of 1323 kg/m3 and 1188 kg/m3. To reduce energy losses, the process of unloading the fluid onto the oil platform is proposed to be performed at the completion of the technological process of unloading the vessel. At the same time, due to a decrease in draft and an increase in the height of the freeboard of the vessel, the static component of the pressure and hydraulic losses of the cargo pump decrease. A set of studies for drilling fluids with different initial density (1272 kg/m3, 1188 kg/m3, 1323 kg/m3) confirmed that when using additional X-shaped drilling fluid circulation: – relative performance of cargo pumps increases from 37–57 % to 88–96 %; – the time of pumping the drilling fluid from the vessel to the oil platform is reduced from 7.1–8.5 to 3.3–3.8 hours. The presented results confirm the expediency of using additional X-shaped circulation of the drilling fluid to reduce energy losses during transportation by Platform Supply Vessels.

Control and regulation of the density of technical fluids during their transportation by sea specialized vessels

The object of research is the process of transporting drilling slurry through specialized marine vessels of the Platform Supply Vessels class. The subject of research is the sedimentation stability of the drilling slurry along the height of the cargo tank, which is proposed to be defined as a relative change in vertical density near the surface and bottom of the cargo tank. The studies were carried out on a specialized sea vessel with a displacement of 7320 tons. The design of the vessel provided for the reception and transportation of drilling slurry in four cargo tanks located on the port and starboard sides of the vessel. It has been experimentally established that during the 48-hour transportation, the density of the drilling slurry in the bottom part increases to 19.7 %; decrease in density on the surface – up to 7.8 %; decrease in the sedimentation resistance of the drilling slurry along the depth of the cargo tank – up to 29.85 %. A variant of modernization of the drilling slurry transportation system by installing additional circulation pumps providing forced circulation of the drilling slurry between cargo tanks is proposed. By using programmable microcontrollers (performing turning on/off the circulation pumps), it is possible to provide the following conditions for transporting the drilling fluid: an increase in the density of the drilling fluid in the bottom part up to 0.3 %; decrease in density on the surface – up to 0.25 %; decrease in the sedimentation resistance of the drilling slurry along the depth of the cargo tank – up to 8.01 %. It has been experimentally established that the creation of additional circulation and automatic support of the sedimentation resistance of the drilling fluid in the range of 2–7 % contributes to: – increasing the relative performance of cargo pumps from 38–55 % to 92–96 %; – reducing the time of pumping drilling slurry from cargo tanks to the drilling platform from 7.1 to 3.2 hours; – maintaining the technical condition of equipment, pipelines and elements of the drilling slurry transportation and pumping system.

Operational safety evaluation of tanker cargo oil system fusing multiple task information

The cargo oil system is an irreplaceable component of a tanker, of which the operational safety affects task completion. This study proposes an operational safety evaluation methodology for fusing multiple task information, which identifies the assessment level and abnormal points. Different data features are used to express the changes in the operating state at different time stages. To improve the performance of the method, the data monitoring error analysis technique based on distance and coefficient of variation approach are employed to deal with uncertainty and subjectivity. The optimal data reliability and comprehensive weight are then fed as input values to the Evidential Reasoning(ER) rule. The proposed operational safety evaluation methodology has been applied to the cargo pump system of a 49,000-ton tanker. Comparing with equipment maintenance records, the results of the proposed method can reflect the actual task safety condition and verify the feasibility and effectiveness. Furthermore, weak links and improvement measures present new insights for operational safety management for tanker corporations.

ANALISA PENYEBAB RUSAKNYA CARGO OIL PUMP GUNA MENUNJANG DISCHARGE CARGO PERTAMAX DI ATASKAPAL MT. PATRA TANKER 2

When discharging the Pertamax cargo at the port at 10:25 a.m. local time, the on-duty engineer received information from the cargo control room that a problem had occurred, the engineer immediately went to the cargo pump room to check the condition of the cargo oil pump. The engineer is see a leak in the pump room which causes the pump room to be full of spills of Pertamax oil transported by the ship. This research is based on a case study on the ship MT. Patra Tanker 2. The data collection method was carried out by direct observation on the ship for one year and then conducted discussions and interviews with the ship's crew responsible for the cargo pump, as well as data from literature such as instruction manuals and standard operational procedures (SOP). The analysis approach was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner based on data and various literatures used as a reference or comparison. From the results of the analysis it is stated that the cause of the damage to the cargo oil pump is due to the influence of the quality of the mechanical seal that does not meet the standard, the ball bearing is damaged or worn on the cargo oil pump, the ceramic sleeve shaft (bushing) is thinning or worn, and damage to the cargo oil pump shaft. The cause of damage to the cargo oil pump can be avoided by carrying out routine maintenance and controlling it regularly when the cargo oil pump is running.

The flow calculation algorithm of submerged hydraulic cargo pumps working with reduced pump speed on modern product and chemical tankers

Abstract The paper presents a method of flow rate calculation of submerged cargo pumps with hydraulic drive in case of exploitation with reduced pump drive speed. The method is based on application of some different approximation and optimization algorithms. The formulated calculation problem concerns the determination of corrected flow rate of cargo pumps using the base flow and drive characteristics of pumps and efficiency of hydraulic drive motor and supply system were presented. The analyzed pumps are mounted on modern product and chemical tankers. Shows the construction of the algorithm and the results of numerical experiments for pumping of some liquid cargoes with different viscosity and density.

The influence of liquid cargo properties on the discharge rate of submerged cargo pumps with hydraulic drive on modern product and chemical tankers

The influence of liquid cargo properties on the discharge rate of submerged cargo pumps with hydraulic drive on modern product and chemical tankers

Enhancement of Safety and Design in Cargo Handling Spaces to Prevent Accidental Fire or Explosion in Oil Tankers and FPSOs

Over the last few decades, there have been a significant number of accidents on crude oil tankers, floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) and offshore units due to fire and explosion, which have resulted in loss of lives, assets, and environmental damage. These incidents increase scrutiny and questions on the current level of safety design in hydrocarbon handling spaces and other high-risk spaces in oil tankers and FPSOs. There are many factors which may contribute to these incidents, including; defects of equipment and components, overlook during design, inappropriate maintenance procedure and history, improper workmanship, and lack of company safety procedures and instruction during maintenance and emergency responses. This study is focused on and has discussed all safety aspects and barriers for the enclosed cargo-handling spaces in tankers and offshore units. Various existing regulations, standards, and guidelines have addressed safety design of enclosed cargo-handling spaces. These requirements and guidelines are referred and investigated to identify typical industry gaps in design and to recommend best engineering practices. The proposed key design recommendations may be considered at the early design stage of new building or conversion projects to enhance the overall safety and to reduce the likelihood of critical safety events. 1. Introduction The offshore and marine industry face many inherent risks such as failure of equipment and structural integrity, collision, grounding, dropped objects, leakages, fire and explosions. Because of the constant transfer and handling of hydrocarbons in operational profile, oil tankers and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units have significant potential fire and explosion risks unless sound safety barriers are considered throughout all phases of the design and the construction. Often a FPSO conversion project, which uses an ageing crude oil tanker, is the preferred choice to provide a functioning FPSO facility to the offshore oil production market in timely manner. When compared with newbuilding FPSOs, a conversion project can provide shorter construction schedule and cost reduction benefits. Considerable number of FPSOs operating in the market apply a conversion-type approach, using existing oil tankers to convert to FPSOs. In a FPSO conversion project, the existing cargo pump room is used for the hydrocarbon cargo handling, transfer and offloading operations. The use of the conventional cargo pump room configuration in newly operating FPSOs has come under scrutiny compared with newbuilding projects, which typically install independent cargo pumps, such as a submergible or deepwell type, within each tank which minimizes the risk of hydrocarbon leaks to other confined spaces. The conventional pump room configuration has always presented high risks and concerns due to confined spaces, many potential leak sources, hydrocarbon handling equipment and piping, where leaks can build an explosive environment easily, and the location is situated near the safety critical areas such as accommodation, engine room, and control spaces.

Modelling and performance prediction of a centrifugal cargo pump on a chemical tanker

In this paper, a single-stage, horizontal type centrifugal pump, which can be used in a chemical tanker’s cargo operations, was modelled with MATLAB/Simulink software. The modelled pump was run with seven different fluids handled in chemical tankers which are ethyl alcohol, N-Propyl alcohol, phenol, chloroform, castor oil, 55% nitric acid and water. Therefore, the pump’s performance curves and data sets were obtained for each situation. After these, a neural network was created with MATLAB/ Neural Network Fitting Tool application. Inputs of the network were volumetric flow, head, shaft power, torque, and net positive suction head. The output was the pump efficiency and it is estimated for each fluid from the numeric data. Mean squared error was very close to zero (1.1817e-6) and R 2 provided a prediction accuracy of 99.996%. According to these results, artificial neural network (ANN) had a satisfactory performance to predict the efficiency of a chemical tanker’s centrifugal cargo pump.

某潜没式液货泵密封口环磨损量的确定

某潜没式液货泵密封口环磨损量的确定

Methane Slip During Cargo Operations on LNG Carriers and LNG-Fueled Vessels

Abstract In this paper was presented the problems of methane leakages during cargo operations on LNG carriers. Also the leakages are possible on LNG fueled vessels. Due to green-house effect from methane on the atmosphere it should be done some measures to avoid it. Building the cargo tanks with very high capacity, utilization of better thermal insulations limits the quantity of boil-off (BOG). It is used as a fuel in marine power plant, only the overage should be liquefied again. The leakages attend all cargo operations which methane goes directly to the atmosphere through pressure-vacuum valves and gas freeing installation to mast riser or by the ventilation system from cargo pump or compressor room. To minimize the slip on LNG carriers the re-liquefaction systems are installed. They are based on cooling systems which boil-off gas (mainly methane) is liquefied at ambient pressure in temperature about −161.5°C by pre-cooled nitrogen gas at temperature about −180°C. Compressed nitrogen to a pressure about 25MPa through multistage compressors with intercooling systems is expanded step by step (in intercoolers) to pressure about ambient reaches the temperature about −180°C. The re-liquefaction system needs delivering a lot of electric energy. The total level of methane leakages from mining to the last consumer may be different and sometimes very high. The leakage level starts as minimal 1% and may be raised up to 10%. It was indicated the undertaken actions and next possibilities of methane slip limitations.

FPSO Cidade de São Mateus gas explosion – Lessons learned

The explosion accident in February 2015 on the Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit Cidade de São Mateus in the Brazilian offshore sector was the most severe offshore petroleum accident since the Macondo blowout in the US in 2010. The paper aims to discuss the critical implications for the safety of such installations and to recommend solutions to improve safety of FPSO vessels. The root causes are discussed and compared with those of the Macondo blowout and gas leaks on offshore installations in the Norwegian sector. Most of the root causes of the Cidade de São Mateus accident are similar to those of the Macondo accident and gas leaks on offshore installations in the Norwegian sector. Two root causes of a technical nature, related to aspects of safe design, were completely neglected in the investigation into the Cidade de São Mateus accident. These safety features are implemented on virtually all Norwegian FPSO vessels: first, replacing the use of a pump room with individual deep well, submerged cargo pumps in order to eliminate the pump room explosion hazard and second, locating living quarters in the bow of the vessel to avoid exposure to fire.

탱크선 카고 펌프장 축소모델 설계 및 기초 실험

탱크선 카고 펌프장 축소모델 설계 및 기초 실험

Effect of the flat tank bottom on performance and cavitation characteristics of a cargo pump

A submerged cargo pump is installed vertically above the bottom of a cargo tank. The intake shape of the pump is an important operation parameter. Therefore, we investigated the performance and cavitation characteristics of the cargo pump with intake according to intake shape. A cargo pump was composed of an intake, inducer, impeller, and diffuser. First, a cargo pump with a straight pipe intake was measured. Next, the cargo pump with an intake applied the tank bottom shape was investigated. The results of performance and efficiency were compared. The flow characteristics in the inducer changed as the flow passed through the intake affected by the tank bottom shape. The pump head and the efficiency slightly decreased, but the inducer head considerably reduced. Since the incidence angle became a negative value and the cavity volume increased at the leading edge of inducer, the NPSHr (Required net positive suction head) increased. As the inlet pressure decreased, cavitation instabilities clearly appeared. Different gaps between the pump intake and the tank bottom were also investigated. The gap had a critical point without the significant performance loss decrease.

Electric power system design and analysis for FLNG vessel

The electrical reliability of the power generation and distribution system of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas vessels has been analyzed according to the operating modes using Electrical Transient Analysis Program in this paper. Electricity is used for the topside processes, cargo pumps for off-loading, thrusters for heading control and marine equipment. It is very important to improve the safety, efficiency, and stability of the electrical power system for successful operation. The voltage variation of the high and the low voltage bus shall be within the primitive limitation range at normal operation loads both in steady state and in the transient state. The power system was simulated and compared with class rule for design verification.