School Career Research Articles

중등 진로전담교사의 심리적 소진 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to deeply explore the essence and meaning of the psychological burnout experiences of secondary school career guidance teachers. Methods To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 career guidance teachers from middle and high schools between May and October 2024. The collected data were analyzed using phenomenological research method, which explores everyday experiences and elucidates their essential structures, to identify common experiences among the participants. Results The analysis revealed five major themes: ‘Pressure from Uncomfortable External and Internal Gaze,’ ‘Struggling Against Distorted Perspectives,’ ‘Unique Psychological Pressure of Being a Career Guidance Teacher,’ ‘Anxiety in a Dual Position,’ and ‘Ongoing Burnout and Self-Reflection.’ Additionally, 13 sub-themes such as ‘Fish on the Chopping Board’ and ‘Self-Censorship and Internal Surveillance,’ and 35 meaning units including ‘A Position of Envy’ and ‘Subject of Curiosity’ were derived. Conclusions This study examined in detail how career guidance teachers are situated in psychologically exhausting work environments, while also being viewed through the lens of ‘an easy position’ within the school. The findings provide foundational data to reduce the structural misunderstandings about career guidance teachers, enhance the understanding of their unique value and necessity, and ensure the establishment of a restorative occupational identity for career guidance teachers. The study contributes to raising appropriate awareness among school stakeholders.

고등학생들의 창업가정신 함양 및 창업체험 교육과 진로개발역량의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of high school students' entrepreneurship skills cultivation and startup experience education and career development competencies. Methods To this end, we conducted a correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis between entrepreneurship cultivation and start­up experience education(program participation, satisfaction with education, awareness of entrepreneurship and interest in starting a business) and career development competencies on 7,124(3,853 male and 3,271 female students) high school second­year panelists in the 2022 ‘School Career Education Status Survey’. Results As results, each factor showed statistically significant correlation, and school type, participation in out­of­school entrepreneurship education programs, satisfaction with participation in entrepreneurship cultivation and entrepreneurship experience education, awareness of entrepreneurship, and interest in entrepreneurship were related to career development competencies. It was found to have a positive and significant effect on competencies. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, policy measures to help promote career development capabilities were suggested.

Discussion on the Integrated Teaching of Senior High School Students Career Education

With the gradual implementation of the new college entrance examination system, career education has been paid more and more attention in the high school education in China. However, due to the limitation of traditional teaching methods, using integrated teaching methods to carry out career education can achieve better results. The application of integrated teaching design to career education has been relatively mature in the west, which can promote the cultivation of students career consciousness and the development of subjects. It is necessary to carry out integrated career education in high school, which can promote the cultivation of students career awareness and accomplishment, promote the further development of teaching of different subjects, and promote the development of students comprehensive quality and various abilities. At the same time, the theoretical research on integrated career education in China is not mature enough, and it needs more practical exploration. The possibility of integrated career education lies in the potential career education content in life situations. Through various disciplines, we can understand relevant occupations, learning from examples is helpful to set up learning goals and find the value of subject learning, and teaching material resources also provide rich career education materials. To carry out integrated career education in high school, it is necessary to choose appropriate career education topics, select relevant teaching subjects and units, develop new career education teaching goals, select career education content into the original teaching materials, design and implement career education integrated teaching activities, evaluate the teaching effectiveness and make corrections.thisIn addition, teachers should strengthen the cultivation of their own education ability, unite all educational forces, coordinate and unify career education and quality cultivation of high school students, and jointly promote the effectiveness of high school career education.

Experiences of indigenous women of New Zealand (Māori) in engineering and engineering trades

ABSTRACT To address the underrepresentation of Māori women in engineering and engineering trades, it is imperative to understand the experiences of those already engaged in these fields. This study focuses on the lived experience of five Māori women in New Zealand and hopes to inspire more Māori women to join these professions. The study explored three pivotal phases of women’s lives through in-depth interviews: background and upbringing, experiences during education, and encounters in the profession. The research aims to identify barriers encountered by these women and the strategies they employed to navigate their journeys. Common themes, which emerged from this study include identity development, stereotyping, cultural identity, determination, and support and encouragement. Lack of information about different careers in schools has resulted most participants taking an indirect pathway to their professions. This underscores the significance of offering timely career guidance in schools about different professions. The study also highlights the importance of dismantling gender stereotypes from an early age and engaging in hands-on activities to ignite women’s interest in engineering and engineering trades. These stories illustrate how resilience and support networks empower women to achieve professional success, emphasising the significance of respecting cultural identity for fostering equity and inclusion.

Linguistics is for everyone

Abstract Introducing students to linguistics before they embark on their undergraduate studies can increase awareness and interest in the field. After documenting my ultimately unsuccessful attempts at creating a standalone course in linguistics at an independent school in Los Angeles, CA, I discuss how I have successfully incorporated linguistics lessons into both my elective classes in the Latin language and my core course in world history. I will show that high school students, particularly older students in advanced classes, are capable of sophisticated linguistic analysis approaching the level of undergraduate student work if they are given proper training. Their progress in the field of linguistics is limited only by the number of hours available to dedicate to linguistics activities in an already packed curriculum. By introducing students to the field of linguistics early in their high school career and revisiting these skills as frequently as possible over the course of four years, I have found that they are more likely to enroll in linguistics classes at the undergraduate level.

A systematic review on career interventions for high school students.

This study presents a systematic literature review of career interventions for high school students, exploring the theoretical framework, intervention modality, evaluation and outcomes of the intervention. Five keywords, three databases and five inclusion criteria were defined. Of the 419 documents collected, 25 remained for meta-synthesis. The results showed that (1) the theoretical framework mainly consisted of career construct theory, social cognitive career theory, and cognitive information processing theory. (2) The intervention modality was mainly group counseling (8 sessions, 45 min). (3) The evaluation system mainly consisted of a pre-and post-test for the experimental and control group, and (4) the intervention outcomes were mainly focused on the positive development of career adaptability and career decision-making. The discussion offers recommendations for future research and practice in high school career interventions. (1) Social cognitive career theory should be given attention. (2) A three-tiered high school career development guidance model of career curriculum, career group counseling and individual counseling could be developed. (3) Career interventions should be shifted to mixed quantitative and qualitative studies, tracer studies, and special groups. (4) Outcome expectations should be given equal attention.

고등학교 진로전담교사가 지각한 학교 관리자의 진로교육에 대한 인식 및 지원과 진로전담교사의 직무 수행의 관계에서 담임교사와의 연계의 매개효과

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers on the relationship between school administrators' perception of the importance of career education, school administrators' support for career education perceived by the high school career teachers and the job performance of career teachers in high school. To this end, the relationship between each variable was analyzed using data from the Elementary and Secondary Career Education Status Survey(2023). The main findings were as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation between all the variables, and the correlation between the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers and the job performance of the high school career teachers was higher than other variables. Second, the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers completely mediated in both the relationship between school administrators' perception of the importance of career education and the job performance of career teachers in high school, and the relationship between school administrators' support for career education and the job performance of career teachers in high school, and it was confirmed that the indirect effect through the cooperation between homeroom teachers and career teachers on the job performance of the high school teachers was greater than the direct effect of the school administrator-related variables. Based on the findings of this study, implications for improving the job performance of career teachers and suggestions for follow-up research were presented by establishing a cooperative system among school members for the effective operation of High School Credit System.

The Role of Sibling Patterns in the Educational Attainment of Hungarian Twins.

Studies concerning twins with a sociological focus are scarce in Hungary as well as international research, although the number of twin births has increased dramatically worldwide. The raising and education of twins are tasks demanding special attention from both the family and institutions. In our study we examine these aspects, looking back from adulthood, using the narrow scope of the available data from research based on the 'Hungarostudy 2021' database (N total: 7000; n twins: 106). Our results, corresponding to the hypotheses of educational sociology, demonstrate how the relationships between family size and school career and increasing number of siblings reduces the chances of high educational attainment. A regression analysis confirmed that both the number of siblings and a later position in the birth order reduces the chance of obtaining a higher education. For the second child in a family, the chance of earning a university degree is reduced to to 0.743. The role of a large family concerning higher education showed a stronger relationship in the case of twins compared to nontwins. For twins, the sibling pattern has a decisive effect in educational attainment. Twins themselves have a 1.449 times higher chance of obtaining a higher education compared to nontwins (p = 0.101), and fraternal twins have half (0.517) the chance of obtaining a higher education compared to identical twins; but both results are not significant (p = 0.156).

Mind-body Balance. Experience Workshop for New Entry Students in Engineering

Objective: Evaluate a comprehensive educational intervention in groups of new students in engineering, using techniques for the management of their mental health, to reinforce their conditions for learning. Theoretical Framework: Development of graphic organizers, reinforcement of self-esteem, ability to concentrate, and balanced diet, strengthen study habits and techniques, maintaining mental health, and improving school performance. This topic presents the main concepts and theories that support the research. Method: An educational intervention was designed and carried out for 550 engineering students. They joined a workshop on personal balance for their entry in 2017. Perception surveys and personal testimonies were applied. Their academic performance was analyzed after one year and contrasted with other generations. Results and Discussion: Testimonials and responses to perception surveys from students and the teacher showed more than 82% acceptance. The techniques were perceived as beneficial elements for personal life, and an alternative for mental health management. Their academic performance one year after entering was similar to that of those who had a better entry profile. Research Implications: The results were used to establish an engineering entry strategy and improve the school career, benefiting terminal efficiency. Originality/Value: This study offers the evaluation of the comprehensive intervention applied to engineering students to guide the admission strategy.

초등학교 특수학급에서 진로교육을 가르치는 저경력 특수교사의 실천적 지식 형성에 대한 자문화기술지

Purpose: This study aims to examine the teaching experience of low-career special education teachers who teach career education in special classes in elementary schools and how practical knowledge was formed through such experiences. Method: To achieve the purpose of this study, the autoethnographic method was used as a research method. Results of the study: First, in order to overcome the difficulties of the lack of individual professionalism of teachers and the absence of curriculum and teaching materials for elementary school career education that the researcher felt while teaching career education, ‘knowledge about the educational environment’ changed through cooperation with various educational materials and the local community. Second, based on the experience of participating in a professional learning community outside of school, the researcher’s ‘knowledge about the curriculum and subjects and teaching and learning knowledge’ changed through the process of planning and implementing career education. Third, the researcher’s ‘teaching knowledge and personal knowledge’ changed through trial and error experienced while teaching career education and cooperation with a professional learning community outside of school. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is expected to provide cases necessary for improving the quality of classes of low-career special education teachers who implement career education in special classes in elementary schools.

Early resilience and epigenetic ageing: Results from the prospective Young Finns Study with a 31-year follow-up.

Evidence is accumulating on the connection of early adversities and harsh family environment with epigenetic ageing. We investigated whether early psychosocial resilience is associated with epigenetic ageing in adulthood. We used the population-based Young Finns data (n = 1593). Early psychosocial resilience was assessed in 1980-1989 across five broad domains: (1) index of psychological strength (self-esteem at home/in general/at school, perceived possibilities to influence at home, internal life control), (2) index of social satisfaction (perceived support from family/friends and life satisfaction), (3) index of leisure time activities (hobbies and physical fitness), (4) index of responsible health behaviors (infrequent smoking or alcohol consumption), and (5) index of school career (school grades and adaptation). Epigenetic ages were calculated for blood samples from 2011, and the analyses were performed with variables describing age deviation (AgeDevHannum, AgeDevHorvath, AgeDevPheno, AgeDevGrim) and DunedinPACE. Covariates included early family environment, polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and major depression, adulthood education, and adulthood health behaviors. All of the early resilience indexes were associated with lower levels of epigenetic ageing in adulthood, most consistently with AgeDevGrim and DunedinPACE. The associations of psychological strength and social satisfaction, in particular, seemed to be non-linear. In a smaller subsample (n = 289), high early resilience was related to lower AgeDevGrim over a 25-year follow-up in those who had high "baseline" levels of AgeDevGrim. In conclusion, early resilience seems to associate with lower level of epigenetic ageing in adulthood. Our results tentatively suggest that early resilience may increase "equality in epigenetic ageing" in a general population.

Exploring European Parents’ Attitudes Towards the Age Appropriateness of Digital Sexuality Education for Adolescents

We conducted a multinational cross-sectional survey in Europe to explore parental attitudes toward the appropriate age for adolescents to receive sexuality education through an app interface. This was delivered via an online survey across Belgium (n = 479), the United Kingdom (n = 445), and Italy (n = 454). Parents from Belgium consistently accepted their children accessing digital material at the youngest ages, whereas Italian participants selected the oldest age groups. Most parents, however,endorsed a spiral curriculum, whereby topics are introduced sequentially throughout adolescents’ school careers. Thus, whilst on average participants were comfortable with adolescents having access to content on body anatomy younger ages (from 9–12 years to 12–15 years), they approved virtual content on relationships and sex at older school ages (from 12–15 years to 15–18 years). European ethnicity, liberal sociosexual attitudes, lower religiosity, and higher educational attainment were associated with parents approving adolescent exposure to digital sex education at younger ages. To our knowledge, this exploratory study is the first to quantitatively examine parental attitudes toward digital sex education curricula, as well as explore the parental characteristics that relate to these attitudes. This work should inform educators internationally on their future efforts to deploy virtual sexuality learning.

‘I enjoy it a bit, but I wouldn’t want to do it in the future’: pupil aspirations for STEM careers in lower secondary school

ABSTRACT At a time when the focus of school science policies in many nations is to encourage more pupils to study science for longer, a better understanding of who is and is not interested in STEM careers will play an important role in shaping the guidance that schools can provide their pupils and the interventions that seek to inspire more young people to remain in the science stream. This paper explores the career aspirations of more than 4000 pupils at the end of lower secondary school in the UK. It considers the relationship between career aspirations, pupil characteristics, and school-based factors linked to enjoyment of and motivation for learning about science. The findings show that most pupils enjoy and look forward to studying science and feel that they are successful at it whether they aspired to a career in STEM or not. The study also confirmed the multi-dimensional nature of STEM career aspirations in which underlying inequalities, particularly linked to gender and ethnicity, were very much apparent. The complexity of these relationships confirms what decades of initiatives have told us – that increasing the number of young people who study science and later enter the highly skilled STEM labour market is no easy task.

Unveiling the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between burnout and engagement among adolescent athletes in sport schools.

Burnout and engagement are pivotal for adolescents' well-being and have received extensive attention in the educational literature. However, less is known about how these factors develop and interact within and between school and sport when adolescent athletes follow dual (school and sport) careers. The aim of this study was to examine the reciprocal relationship between engagement and burnout in school and sport through a cross-lagged analysis of longitudinal associations. A sample of 165 Finnish adolescent athletes (aged 14.5 years, 48.9% girls) enrolled in lower secondary sport schools (i.e., junior high schools) participated in a survey in spring 2019 (i.e., in Grade 8) and 1 year later, in spring 2020 (i.e., in Grade 9). Engagement and burnout had significant autoregressive relationships within school and sport. Furthermore, low levels of sport engagement in Grade 8 predicted sport burnout in Grade 9, and low levels of school burnout in Grade 8 predicted school engagement in Grade 9. Regarding cross-domain effects, high levels of school engagement in Grade 8 predicted low levels of sport engagement in Grade 9. The study shows that school and sport are distinct domains with unique associations between engagement and burnout in each domain. It also shows that adolescent athletes may maintain high school engagement by reducing their sport engagement. These findings highlight the need for sport school practitioners to develop intervention programs to address adolescents' school and sport needs and to support their holistic well-being.

Impact of school experiences on the beliefs and instructional practices of future mathematics teachers

This study examines the impact of cumulative experiences and beliefs during the school career on the pedagogical development of future mathematics teachers in Chile. A sample of 252 pedagogy students from 18 higher education institutions participated in the study, completing a questionnaire that focused on instructional paradigms, teaching experiences, and pedagogical practices. The research employed latent class analysis to identify distinct profiles based on the teaching paradigms experienced by the participants. A logistic regression model further corroborated these profiles. The findings indicate a prevalent inclination towards constructivist beliefs and practices among future teachers, which are significantly shaped by their secondary education experiences, often devoid of a constructivist approach. This study emphasizes the critical role of prior educational experiences in shaping professional competencies in teaching mathematics.

Study skills needs to be more than mindmaps and flashcards

Our school career culminates in a set of exam results, but if students want to do well, attending lessons is not enough: the implicit expectation is that all students will reinforce learning independently outside of the classroom. Really effective learners employ effective independent study techniques, but when, how and where do they learn to do this? Currently there is no coherent consensus on how we should teach young people to become effective independent learners. Most schools, as far as it is possible to know given the scant research, do not teach study skills effectively – using one off sessions or PSHE sessions simply to teach strategies (Purdie & Hattie, 1999 & a very unscientific social media poll, 2024). Many students, as they move through the educational system, need to make significant behavioural changes to the way they learn independently To support students in this I have developed a curriculum that draws on a wide range of psychological domains to help students not only learn effective study techniques, but also to help them develop more helpful study habits. Whilst ever evolving and difficult to evaluate, the feedback from students and parents has convinced me that the course curriculum is impactful, enabling students to tackle independent study, revision and exams with confidence.

Evolution of public policy education in the global South: The case of India

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the dearth of comparative knowledge on policy education in the Global South by highlighting the remarkable growth of the field in India and comparing it with the international discourse. We discuss four key themes: the growth trajectory of policy schools, the contemporary landscape, the challenges of curriculum design, and career prospects for graduates. An empirical comparison of 56 policy schools was conducted alongside interviews with stakeholders. The results suggest that the evolution of policy education in India aligns with the internationalization model. However, in school objectives, curriculum, and careers, there is an emergent Indian model. These findings shed light on the policy education patterns of a large country in the Global South and highlight the challenges faced by countries where policy education is emerging.

The Basis, Value and Path of Integrating Embodied Cognition into High School Career Education

The Basis, Value and Path of Integrating Embodied Cognition into High School Career Education

Prospective healthcare students' perspectives and attitudes on pharmacy as a chosen career path

BackgroundWith the national increase in the number of colleges and schools of pharmacy as well as the decreased pharmacy school applicant pool in recent years, pharmacy school enrollment challenges are at the forefront of issues facing pharmacy programs today. Factors that can influence a candidate's likelihood to pursue pharmacy school are important to evaluate. Recent studies assessing factors that motivate potential pre-health candidates to pursue pharmacy school or other healthcare careers are limited. ObjectiveTo describe prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway and assess factors that motivate or deter them from pursuing pharmacy as a career and from considering a specific pharmacy school. MethodThe study was cross-sectional and used an online data collection form distributed via the Qualtrics platform from October 4, 2022 through October 12, 2022 using the social media platform Reddit. Reddit has hundreds of subcommunities known as subreddits, that allow for exchange of ideas and discussion regarding various topics. This social media platform is commonly used by pre-health students to discuss career options. The survey consisted of 28 items and two domains, demographics and prospective healthcare students' understanding of responsibilities of pharmacists and their overall perspective on pharmacy as a profession. The survey was targeted toward anyone with an intention of pursuing a health science degree or career. ResultFour hundred participants completed the survey. Participants were mainly Caucasian, male, and with a mean age of 25 years. This study assessed prospective candidates' perspectives and attitudes toward pharmacy as a career pathway, appealing and unappealing characteristics about pursuing a career in the field of pharmacy, and factors that motivate or deter candidates from pursuing pharmacy. While 68 % of the participants had heard that career choices are vast and vary in the field of pharmacy, most still had concerns about the pharmacy field being heavily saturated and lack of job opportunities after graduation. Almost 60 % of responders gained information about pharmacy programs through social media platforms. The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination pass rate, postgraduate residencies/fellowships, program duration and program reputation were among the top factors in choosing a pharmacy program. ConclusionMany survey participants had heard that there are a variety of job opportunities in the field of pharmacy, but the majority had heard that the pharmacy field is heavily saturated and that there are lack of opportunities after graduation. Most responders gained information through social media platforms. For prospective pharmacy school candidates, NAPLEX pass rate, number of graduates matched with PGY1 residencies and fellowships, and duration and reputation of the program seems to be among the most important factors in choosing a pharmacy program. Factors that prospective candidates consider when selecting a pharmacy program and the means they use to research about programs can be important considerations for pharmacy programs recruitment. Awareness of the preferences and baseline knowledge of candidates about the field of pharmacy can aid in developing targeted recruitment strategies and informing decision-making in pharmacy programs and recruitment efforts.

Technical vocational students’ higher learning institution preference and level of academic and skills preparedness

Vocational education is increasingly recognized for its role in creating gainful employment opportunities and stimulating economic growth. As such, this paper studied the higher learning institution preferences of the technical vocational students and their academic and skills readiness. Specifically, this study focused on the senior high school students enrolled in the technical and vocational livelihood track at Buruanga Vocational School and their regards on the growing importance of vocational education in job creation and national support. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, this research examined the relationship between academic performance, skills preparedness, and higher learning institution preference 50 purposively selected completers as grounded on Vocational Identify Theory to understand how students perceived different career alternatives. Each student responded to self-report survey questionnaire that revealed academic preparedness and interest in various institutions. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between their readiness and preference for the institution. Additionally, the graduates indicated that their performance and literal understanding were lacking compared to their academic track. Hence, the outcomes confirmed that schools need to check their program levels and outreach and plan to offer higher-level services like the high school career guidance programs. The results provide hallmark-witted assortment preparations for strengthening undergraduates for high-level activities, thus preparing vocational schooling to attain a degree.