End Of Career Research Articles

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS ON INQUIRY-BASED TEACHING METHOD

The paper examined professional development of senior secondary school biology teachers on inquiry-based teaching. To become and remain a competent biology teacher requires a continuous process that starts from pre-service experiences in undergraduate years to the end of a professional career. Science knowledge is constantly changing and expanding its relevance to societal issues therefore, these teachers needs constant opportunities to build their understanding and abilities in the same direction. Consequently, the National Science Education Standards (NSES) presented a vision of learning and teaching science in which students will have the opportunity to become scientifically literate. (NSES)(NRC,1996: 56). In the vision, science teachers are professionally responsible for their own professional development and for the maintenance of their teaching profession, hence this paper. Professional development is a specialized training, formal education or advanced professional learning to offer help to administrators, teachers and other educators improve their professional knowledge, skill and effectiveness in the teaching of biology in the classroom (hidden curriculum, 2014). The paper considered some majors issues that leads to teacher professional development which includes: professional development for biology teachers on inquiry-based teaching,  teachers current teaching of biology, concept of inquiry-based teaching, student learning of biology, consensus  or standards for professional development programme, impact of professional development programme, researches on professional development programme, challenges of professional development programme,  the paper was concluded by stating that  coaching and support for teachers at points of implementation should be encouraged,  professional development programs should be for a longer period of time more than what is obtainable presently, proper monitoring and evaluation of training received and its implementation among others.

A Retrospective Assessment of Return to Function in Dance After Physical Therapy for Common Dance Injuries.

An injury that causes a dancer to take time away from training or performance can be career ending, and thus it is important for dancers to have accurate expectations when considering treatment options. Thus far, few studies have reported functional outcomes after injury in dancers, which may be different than for the general athletic population. Therefore, our study sought to determine functional outcomes in dancers after operative and non-operative treatment for common dance injuries. Our outcome measures included a subjective assessment of the degree to which a dancer had returned to his or her previous level of dance, the SF-12 survey, and the WHO functional outcome scale modified for dance. We also compared these as outcome measurement tools for return to full function in dance. Secondarily, we sought to assess factors that may have contributed to poorer functional outcomes. We reviewed the charts of 675 dancers seen at our physical therapy facilities between 2006 and 2010 and identified 416 adult dancers who had experienced a dance-related injury that we categorized as "common," based on surveys of injuries among dancers (with back injuries excluded). One hundred and sixty-four dancers completed a tele- phone survey about their recovery after injury. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression were then used to identify factors associated with poor functional outcomes. Sixty-three percent of the participants had a full return to their pre-injury level. No variables were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with poorer outcomes by linear re- gression. However, there was a trend to- ward better outcomes when dancers were younger, their injuries were not chronic, and their recovery was not limited by fear. The three measurement tools were all highly correlated with one another (p = 0.000) and found to be useful determinants of functional return to dance. Given that there were few strongly correlated outcome factors, we concluded that poorer functional outcomes in dance resulted from a combination of many factors, including those of a psychosocial nature. We believe these results can be used to better advise dancers who are considering treatment options, provide better estimates of possible limitations and time needed to return to dance, and potentially promote easier recoveries and better functional outcomes.

Ultrasonographic screening for subclinical osteochondrosis of the femoral trochlea in foals (28-166 days old): a prospective farm study.

Extensive osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the lateral ridge of the trochlea of the femur (LRTF), the most common OCD-affected site in the stifle, have a poor outcome with surgical debridement and can be career ending. The early detection of osteochondrosis lesions and their conservative management holds the promise to enhance outcome. We hypothesise that ultrasonography is a valuable field screening tool to detect and monitor early subclinical LRTF osteochondrosis. The goals were to 1) describe the normal ultrasonographic features of the LRTF in foals of different ages and 2) screen a foal cohort at the farm for early subclinical osteochondrosis lesions. Prospective cohort study. The LRTF of both hindlimbs of Thoroughbred foals (n = 46, 27-166 days old) were imaged once with ultrasonography and radiography (lateromedial and caudolateral-craniomedial oblique views). Cartilage thickness, ossification front indentation of the chondro-osseous junction and epiphyseal vascularisation were assessed on ultrasonography. Follow-up radiographs were taken as yearlings. The cartilage thickness, ossification front indentation and epiphyseal vascularisation significantly decreased with advancing maturity. Subclinical osteochondrosis lesions, characterised by semicircular indentations in the ossification front (indirect evidence of focal failure of ossification and retained cartilage) were detected in six foals (28-145 days old), both with radiography and ultrasonography. Ultrasonography provided a better overall subjective assessment of the osteochondrosis lesion topography (length, depth and the width) compared with radiography. Post-mortem validation of lesions was not possible. Ultrasonography of the LRTF is a practical, inexpensive and reliable technique to discriminate physiological from pathological events at the LRTF in young foals. It revealed the complex topography of the chondro-osseous junction permitting a rapid, comprehensive assessment of the subclinical osteochondrosis lesions in very young foals.

Демографический дайджест

&#x0D; Stokes A., S.H. Preston. How dangerous is obesity? Issues in measurement and interpretation&#x0D; Casterline J., S. Han. Unrealized fertility: fertility desires at the end of the reproductive career&#x0D; Hayford S.R., K.B. Guzzo. Fifty years of unintended births: education gradients in unintended fertility in the US, 1960-2013&#x0D; Stonawski M., M. Potančoková, V. Skirbekk. Fertility patterns of native and migrant muslims in Europe&#x0D; Kashyap R., F. Villavicencio. The dynamics of son preference, technology diffusion, and fertility decline underlying distorted sex ratios at birth: a simulation approach&#x0D; Lundborg P., C.H. Lyttkens, P. Nystedt. The effect of schooling on mortality: new evidence from 50,000 Swedish twins&#x0D; Guetto R., M. Mancosu, S. Scherer, G. Torricelli. The spreading of cohabitation as a diffusion process: evidence from Italy&#x0D; Reher D.S., G. Sandstrom, A. Sanz-Gimeno, F.W.A. van Poppel. Agency in fertility decisions in Western Europe during the demographic transition: a comparative perspective&#x0D; Aradhya S., F. Hedefalk, J. Helgertz, K. Scott. Region of origin: settlement decisions of Turkish and Iranian immigrants in Sweden, 1968-2001&#x0D;

Return to Sports After Multiple Trauma: Which Factors Are Responsible?-Results From a 17-Year Follow-up.

We hypothesize that the majority of polytraumatised patients are unable to maintain their preinjury level of sporting activity, and that musculoskeletal injuries are a major contributing factor. We assessed the impact of such injuries on sporting prowess, with a focus on isolating, particularly debilitating musculoskeletal trauma. We conducted a cohort study of 637 patients at a level 1 trauma centre, to assess the long-term outcome of severe trauma on return to sporting activities (RTS). Data collated on the multiply injured patient included preinjury physical activity, standardized outcome scores (SF-12, GOS, HASPOC), and clinical follow-up of at least 10 years duration. The return to preinjury sports participation was defined as a primary outcome parameter. Regression analyses were performed to identify specific injuries interfering with the RTS. Prognostic study; Level of evidence, II. Mean follow-up was 17 ± 5 years. We included 465 patients, including 207 athletic and 258 nonathletic individuals. Mean age at the time of injury was 26 ± 11.5 years and injury severity was comparable between the 2 cohorts. The deleterious effects on quality of life and the total duration of the rehabilitation process were also similar in athletes and nonathletes. Athletes were more likely to be unable to return to preinjury activities, or to return to a lower level of sporting prowess posttrauma. We identified knee injuries as the type of musculoskeletal trauma most likely to be career ending for the athlete (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval, 1.4-8.3; P = 0.008). Our results demonstrate an enforced shift from high-impact and team sports to low-impact activities after multiple trauma. Injuries of the lower extremities, especially around the knee joint, seem to have the highest lifechanging potential, preventing individuals from returning to their previous sporting activities.

The gender lifetime earnings gap—exploring gendered pay from the life course perspective

Research on the gender earnings divide so far mostly focuses on the gender gap in hourly wages, which due to its snapshot nature is unable to capture the biographical dimension of gendered pay. With the ‘gender lifetime earnings gap’ (GLEG), we introduce a new measure that fills this gap. Based on a group of 72,085 German individuals born 1950-64 from the ‘Sample of Integrated Labor Market Biographies’ (SIAB 7510), we find that at the end of the employment career, women accumulate 46.6% less earnings than men. Thus, the GLEG is more than twice as high as the current German gender pay gap. The GLEG is higher at the bottom than at the top of the earnings distribution. It most prominently widens during the period of family formation (age 25-35). Relatedly, gender differences in endowments, mainly in terms of experience and hours, account for almost two-thirds of the GLEG. For younger cohorts, family breaks tend to lose importance, whereas the role of work hours remains unchanged. Moreover, women in younger cohorts approach men with respect to employment, education and sector premiums.

Traversing the RNA world

An invitation to write a "Reflections" type of article creates a certain ambivalence: it is a great honor, but it also infers the end of your professional career. Before you vanish for good, your colleagues look forward to an interesting but entertaining account of the ups-and-downs of your past research and your views on science in general, peppered with indiscrete anecdotes about your former competitors and collaborators. What follows will disappoint those who await complaint and criticism, for example, about the difficulties of doing research in the 1960s and 1970s in Eastern Europe, or those seeking very personal revelations. My scientific life has in fact seen many happy coincidences, much good fortune, and several lucky escapes from situations that at the time were quite scary. I have also been fortunate with regard to competitors and collaborators, particularly because, whenever possible, I tried to "neutralize" my rivals by collaborating with them - to the benefit of all. I recommend this strategy to young researchers to dispel the nightmares that can occur when competing against powerful contenders. I have been blessed with the selection of my research topic: RNA biology. Over the last five decades, new and unexpected RNA-related phenomena emerged almost yearly. I experienced them very personally while studying transcription, translation, RNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and more recently, different classes of regulatory non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Some selected research and para-research stories, also covering many wonderful people I had a privilege to work with, are summarized below.

Fast Bowlers Knee - anterior impingement from the antero-medial tibia and femur

Objectives:Cricket is one of the world’s most popular team sports. In the past it was described as a sport of moderate risk for injury however at elite level, the international cricket timetable has massively expanded to encompass several new formats leaving very little time for recuperation. We report on a series of seven elite level fast bowlers that presented with a similar injury pattern to the antero-medial femoral condyle of the knee in the leading leg. We describe the presentation, investigation and treatment of this lesion and discuss the possible aetiology. This injury pattern has not previously been reported in the literature.Methods:7 international level fast bowlers (two Indian and 5 English) presented to our clinic with knee pain in the lead leg (the right knee for left hand bowlers and the left knee for right handed). The mean age of the patients was 27 (20-32) and the mean duration of symptoms was 9 months (2 weeks to 2 years). In all patients a careful history and examination was undertaken followed by appropriate investigations. The main complaint was that of anterior knee pain which was restricting them from bowling. It was associated with a minor fixed flexion in three of the patients and all patients had an effusion at the time of presentation. There were no other symptoms. All patients underwent an MRI scan. A classical appearance of oedema within the medial femoral condyle (Figure 1) was noted. In 4 patients there was ascociated cartilage loss. The injury was also identified on SPECT scan (Figure 2) 3 patients were managed nonoperatively but due to more significant MRI and clinical findings Four went on to require arthroscopic surgery (Figure 3) in the form of microfracture of the lesion.Results:All patients returned to International cricket with a mean of 6 months in the non-operative group and 8 months in the operative group.Conclusion:Anterior impingement from the antero-medial tibia and femur can be a potentially career ending lesion in the fastbowler. A strong index of suspicion has to be exercised when a bowler attends with an effusion associated with episodic pain and localisation (which may be difficult to ascertain). This lesion may be present in the asymptomatic bowler, presenting with an associated injury in the same knee. This lesion is typical in this elite group and as such training schedules and medical staff need to be aware of it as a cause of significant injury.

¿Qué ocurre con las lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior, su tratamiento, la recuperación de la función y el desarrollo de osteoartritis a largo plazo? ¿Hay espacio para el tratamiento conservador? Revisión de conceptos actuales

The natural history and treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are controversial as the joint becomes less functional after its rupture in some individuals, while in others it remains relatively asymptomatic and the patient is capable of returning to a demanding sports activity, at least for a while. One may then ask: Is the ACL rupture the beginning of the end of an athlete's career, as has been suggested, or can most patients with such lesions respond well to conservative treatment and resume unrestricted sports activities? Although there are no definitive answers to this question, the information available in the literature and experience can help to define what should be the treatment and to appropriately select the patients who would respond well to a surgical intervention. In addition, identifying individuals at risk of ACL rupture, whether first time or repeated, may also help prevent these injuries. In this paper, a review of the subject is presented, and should serve as a guide to make the best decision when an orthopaedic surgeon is faced with a patient with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Evidence levelIV.

'This is The End, My Beautiful Friend!': lazer sério e o fim da carreira

Resumo: O número de corredores de rua cresce cada vez mais e entre eles, especialmente o grupo dos com mais idade. Mas tudo que tem um início tem um fim, também a "carreira" de um corredor. Confrontando-se com limitações, muitas vezes causadas pelo envelhecimento, o sujeito precisa lidar com esta situação. O presente artigo interpreta o fim da carreira de um corredor como um momento de aprendizagem frente a um novo desafio. São registrados os diferentes fatores que influenciam neste processo e analisadas as várias formas de lidar com a possível interrupção da atividade no contexto de um grupo de corrida de Porto Alegre.

Performance curves of medical researchers during their career: analysis of scientific production from a retrospective cohort

ObjectivesTo establish the pattern of change in individual scientific production over the career of medical researchers.DesignRetrospective cohort based on prospectively collected data in a hospital information system.SettingMulticentre university hospital in...

PREVALENCE OF PATELLAR TENDON PAIN HISTORY IN BRAZILIAN VOLLEYBALL AND BASKETBALL ATHLETES

BackgroundPatellar tendinopathy is a clinically identified overload injury associated to jumping activities. The symptoms may last for years, affect sports participation and even lead to the end of a sport...

The Personal Toll Of Practicing Medicine.

A physician and lifelong patient reflects on her truncated career and why the health of experienced doctors needs protection.

Unrealized fertility: Fertility desires at the end of the reproductive career

‘Unrealized fertility’ is a failure to achieve desired fertility. Unrealized fertility has been examined in low-fertility societies but, with the exception of research on infertility, has been neglected in research on non-Western societies.

The changing of the guard

Over the decades of my career, I have worked with and for nine presidents. As I near the end of my career, I am beginning to work with the tenth. I don't fear working with someone new this late in my work life; I've had a positive collegial relationship with every president with whom I've ever worked. Here are some tips for working well with any president, regardless of the role you play at the college.

Questions of Modernity and Postcoloniality in Modern Indian Theatres: Problems and Sources

This essay seeks to address both the category and phenomenon of modern Indian theatres. While the rise of the theatre in India was tied to the cultural forces of colonization, however, very early on in the history of Indian language theatres, we see practitioners struggling to define for themselves and for their audiences a sense of identity in both modernity and nationality. In the years following India’s independence from British dominion, the need for a national identity becomes more pressing. Such articulations of what it means to be “Indian”, manifest in the theatre, literature, and the various cultural discourses of the time. However, though a unity was sought in an independent nationhood, the inherent pluralities in a multilingual and multicultural context like India could not be ignored, in crafting this discourse of nationhood. In this study, I wish to, therefore, contextualize conversations around the history of modern Indian theatres within such a longer history of pluralistic responses to colonially mediated modernity and the quest for a modern national identity. I have hence, in my study, chosen to focus on two Indian playwrights, Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850–1885) and Habib Tanvir (1923–2009). Harishchandra’s career ends well before India’s independence in 1947, while Tanvir represents the first generation of playwrights who came of age in a nascent nationhood. Borrowing from Indian Comparatist Sisir Kumar Das’ theorizations on the phases of Indian modernities in his A History of Indian Literature (1991), I explore Tanvir’s and Harishchandra’s views on theatre as indicative of distinct phases in the history of Indian modernities, and thereby hoping to arrive at a less linear and more pluralistic view of the history of modern Indian theatres.

Musculoskeletal pain and injury in sonographers, causes and solutions

AbstractIntroductionScanning a patient involves pushing a heavy transducer and a heavy cord while simultaneously leaning over a patient, using the keyboard and viewing the screen. Even with good patient and machine position, a sonographer's upper limbs can be abducted up to 90º from the body that can place the body under stress. International statistics indicate that 80–95% of sonographers experience work‐related pain, 90% experience this pain for more than half their career and one in five sonographers sustain a career ending work‐related injury.MethodsThe sonographer safety initiative is a collaborative effort between sonographers, biomedical engineers in SA Health, Flinders Biomedical Enterprises and GE Healthcare; with the goal to investigate sonographer work‐place injuries. A 6‐month study was conducted that reviewed literature, compensation claims, injury reports, and surveyed sonographers and relevant stakeholders.ResultsInformation regarding the social/cultural, physiological/environmental and technological issues in current practices was collected along with the causes and rates of sonographer injuries.DiscussionMusculoskeletal disorders are a significant concern for sonographers with detrimental effects on the individual and the employer. Sonographers are reluctant to report or claim these injuries, which mask the problem and prevent it from getting the traction it requires.

Factors contributing to the quality of the transition out of elite sports in Swiss, Danish, and Polish athletes

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was (a) to compare athletic retirement of former Swiss, Danish, and Polish athletes; and (b) to explore the influence of factors on the quality of the transition. Based on existing transitional models, we developed a working model to investigate the predictive power of commonly assumed resources and barriers related to the transition (Park, Lavallee, & Tod, 2013). Design and methodsFormer international elite athletes from Switzerland (n = 231), Denmark (n = 86), and Poland (n = 84) from 35 different sports completed an online questionnaire in their native language. Mean/proportional differences across countries were explored using ANOVAs and chi-square tests. For each sample, a multiple regression analysis was performed with 26 predictors on the transition quality, which was a component score of seven variables. Results and conclusionsMore differences were found among individual characteristics (e.g., educational level, athletic identity, confidence in skills), whereas athletes reported a similar pattern concerning retirement planning and voluntariness to end their career regardless of the context. The adaptation process following the career end was easiest for Swiss athletes and most difficult for Polish athletes. Results of the multiple regressions revealed both common resources (e.g., voluntariness) and barriers (e.g., athletic identity), but also factors that worked as resources in one context, but as barriers in another (e.g., high sportcareer income). We propose to avoid generalizations about resources and barriers influencing the transition, but to apply a culturally sensitive approach when studying athletic retirement in different contexts.

Modified Jobe Approach With Docking Technique for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction

The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow acts as the primary restraint to valgus force experienced in the late cocking and early acceleration phases of overhead throwing. If the UCL or dynamic flexor-pronator musculature is incompetent, elbow extension and valgus torque, as seen in throwing, can result in posteromedial impingement with subsequent chondromalacia and osteophyte formation. Before the first UCL reconstruction, performed by Frank Jobe in 1974, this injury was considered career ending in overhead athletes. Since the index procedure, further techniques have been developed to minimize dissection of the flexor-pronator mass and improve the biomechanical strength of graft fixation with the goal of increased return to athletic competition. We describe our technique—including pearls and pitfalls, as well as advantages and disadvantages—which combines the docking technique, through a flexor muscle-elevating approach with transposition of the ulnar nerve using a fascial sling. Harvest and preparation of a palmaris longus tendon autograft is also described.

The Professor and Mr. Pulitzer

Kevin Barnhurst died on June 2, 2016, at the age of 64 of an apparent heart attack. Those who were not close to Kevin were surprised to learn that he had a history of heart trouble; he seemed fit, and even youthful. His death marked the end of a remarkable academic career, the impact of which will continue to unfold. His superb book, Mister Pulitzer and the Spider, was just being printed when he died.Barnhurst entered the field of journalism studies almost accidentally (Barnhurst, 2011). An undergraduate degree in Latin American studies from Brigham Young University (BYU) had led to internships with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the United Nations (UN) but no job; an initial attempt at a master's degree in economics at the University of Maryland had petered out, and instead he earned a master's in communication from BYU. This degree had involved a couple of skills-based courses, which proved to be the ticket to freelance work in design and editing. This is turn led to teaching design and editing, first at Westminster College, a liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church, then at Keene State University. While at Keene State he published essays, including one in the American Scholar (Barnhurst, 1982) that caught the eye of James Carey, who nudged the Department of Journalism at the University of Illinois to recruit him to the faculty. This is where I met Kevin: We were assistant professors together in what was then called the College of Communications, now the College of Media.At Illinois, Barnhurst learned to be an academic by emulation. He read broadly, and began sitting in on doctoral seminars. I was a fellow traveler in those days. I'd been hired a short while before Kevin. My background was in history, and I had never taken a course in journalism or communication before being assigned to teach them. Part of my introduction to the field was sitting in, with Kevin, on a seminar in audience studies co-taught by our colleagues Ellen Wartella and Larry Grossberg.Meanwhile, his colleagues in the Journalism department began to signal that he would have trouble getting tenure, and reacted with displeasure when he won a Fulbright to Peru and a coveted Gannett Center fellowship in New York, where he wrote his first book, Seeing the Newspaper (Barnhurst, 1994). Barnhurst responded by moving to Syracuse University. There his book earned him tenure. Shortly after having a massive heart attack, he began a PhD program at the University of Amsterdam. He defended at the end of a year spent writing his dissertation while on sabbatical in Tenerife, then teaching in Syracuse's study abroad program in Madrid. With PhD in hand, he moved to the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois. There he finished another book (Barnhurst & Nerone, 2001), took on administrative duties as director of graduate studies and department head, took the major part in founding a doctoral program, and continued the series of studies that would eventually produce Mr. Pulitzer. In 2013, he moved to the University of Leeds, and in 2015, he retired. In addition to the fellowships in Peru and New York, he did a Fulbright in Italy, a sabbatical in Copenhagen, and was a Shorenstein Fellow at Harvard.These curriculum vitae (CV) data points give a correct impression of Barnhurst's restless ambition, but fail to demonstrate the great personal warmth and intellectual passion that rounded him out. People who worked with him may carry different impressions. His students will remember his remarkable generosity and also his demanding preciseness. His coauthors-we are legion-will remember his ruthless editing and relentless rewriting. His department heads will remember his dogged and infuriating insistence on correct procedure. All will acknowledge the importance of his scholarly work.Kevin Barnhurst will be remembered as a major figure in the development of critical journalism studies. His trajectory began with his professional work in design, and his early work, up to and including Seeing the Newspaper, fit comfortably within the orbit of work in visual communication. …