Career Decision Research Articles

The Relationship Between Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence, Career Optimism, Locus of Control and Proactive Personality: A Meta-analysis Study

Although there are studies on career decision-making self-efficacy and emotional intelligence, career optimism, locus of control, and proactive personality, no study addresses these four variables together. Therefore, this meta-analysis study examined the correlational findings between career decision-making self-efficacy and four different variables (emotional intelligence, career optimism, locus of control, and proactive personality). In this study, studies published between 1993-2022 examining the relationship between the variables determined from 10 scientific databases (Eric, JSTOR, Sage Journal, Google Academic, Scopus, Springer Ling, Taylor, and Francis ULAKBİM, Proquest, EBSCO) and career decision-making self-efficacy were used. As a result of the research, career decision-making self-efficacy and optimism (r = 0.46; 95% CI [0.33, 0.57]), locus of control (r = 0.36; 95% CI [0.02, 0.62]), proactive personality (r = 0.47; %) 95 CI [0.37, 0.57]) and emotional intelligence (r = 0.45; 95% CI [0.35, 0.54]) were found to be significantly correlated. These critical results point to promising aspects for researchers and practitioners working in career counseling.

Career Development of Working Mothers: Helping and Hindering Factors in Doing Well in light of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Women’s career development amid the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that we may be facing a ‘female recession’, where women are at significantly increased risk for dropping out of the workforce with the gender gap in the workplace likely to grow. However, the pandemic may have presented opportunities for working mothers to engage creatively in personal career decisions due to increased opportunities to work flexibly and pivot in a very quickly changing labour market. This qualitative study used the enhanced critical incident technique to explore the intersection of working mothers and career development considering the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants for this study were a sample of 18 working mothers in North America and Australia. Key factors that were identified as helping women do well in their career development during COVID-19 included: Supportive workplaces, social support, personal protective factors, job market factors, and resources (predominantly financial). Hindering factors to working mothers’ career development included: workplace challenges, family challenges, personal stressors, job market factors, COVID-19 mandates and restrictions, and childcare. The findings from this study help elucidate factors that contribute to a meaningful and productive career so that clinicians and other professionals can support, advocate, and encourage women who remain working during motherhood.

What do you do when your career script runs out? How older workers decide whether and how to sustain their careers

Abstract This article explores executive career decision-making at the later career stages, against a background of precarious employment and increasing longevity, and the consequent need, and difficulty, for older workers to sustain their careers for longer. We address a gap in the literature on the careers of later stage workers by exploring older executives’ career options and demonstrating how a decision-making unit (DMU) of stakeholders actively participate in choosing between options, and which factors influence their choices. We furthermore highlight the key factors that can determine whether a career is sustainable, and the strategies that can optimize a career that is becoming unsustainable. We interviewed later stage executives and analyzed our interview data from the perspective of distributed decision-making for sustainable careers. We identified a range of decision-makers who contributed to the DMU at different levels for each decision, from proactively to reactively. Furthermore, we identified interacting strategies which could optimize the sustainability of a later stage career: personal, when individuals re-engaged actively with their careers; and contextual, when careers were reinvented by individuals and organizations. We synthesized these findings in a career sustainability matrix, designed to enable later stage workers to identify whether a career is sustainable, and how to extend career sustainability.

Bridge to M4 (B2M4): An innovative residency application preparation curriculum.

The medical residency application process is daunting, time-consuming, and variable, making mentorship in preparation for this process important. In light of changes to the residency application process due to the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students identified a need to create a formal residency application preparation curriculum. The curriculum focused on reflection, while also furthering professional development and preparing for the nuances of the residency application cycle through structured advising. Bridge to M4 (B2M4) included reflective activities to help guide curriculum vitae (CV) refinement, personal and professional values clarification, residency program exploration, elevator pitch formation, personal statement development, mentor identification, guidance on requesting letters of recommendation, and virtual residency interview preparation. The B2M4 elective first took place in June 2020 with 36 rising fourth year students enrolled. Perceived effectiveness of the curriculum was assessed by having student cohorts evaluate the importance of the CV, personal statement, general preparation, and residency program selection before and after the course. Student feedback was reviewed with content analysis, which highlighted the usefulness of a structured residency preparation course that was rooted in reflection and incorporated faculty mentorship and feedback. This student-driven, innovative curricular design provided students the opportunity to prepare for the residency application process through reflective activities including values clarification, strengths identification, and goal setting. B2M4 demonstrates a process that can be used not only during the Residency Match process, but also throughout graduate medical education and future career decisions.

Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNursing interns often experience lots of challenges during their clinical nursing internships, which can adversely affect career decisions and result in a squandering of nursing education resources. Patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring may affect nursing interns’ clinical experience. However, more evidence is requested to validate these relationships for nursing educators to develop effective education programs and facilitate interns’ successful transition.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, which used a convenience sampling method to recruit 387 nursing interns during December 2022 to April 2023 in university affiliated hospital in Hunan province, China. Data were collected using standardized scales. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between transition shock, patient safety attitudes, professional identity, and climate of caring.ResultsNursing interns experienced transition shock at a moderate level and the highest levels of transition shock in response to overwhelming practicum workloads, with the second being related to the conflict between theory and practice. Transition shock was negatively correlated with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring among nursing interns.ConclusionsNursing managers and educators need to value the transition shock experienced by nursing interns. Our study suggests that developing a strong sense of professional identity and a positive attitude toward patient safety can be effective in reducing the level of transition shock among nursing interns. In addition, a caring climate within the nursing unit can significantly enhance the overall experience of nursing interns. This can be achieved by enhancing the support of clinical mentors, providing patient safety-focused education, and facilitating team communication among nurses.

PENGARUH PROTEAN CAREER TERHADAP CAREER OPTIMISM DENGAN CAREER DECISION SELF EFFICACY DAN CAREER ADAPTABILITY SEBAGAI PEMEDIASI PADA GENERASI MILENIAL DI SURAKARTA

This study aims to analyze the effect of the influence of Protean Career on Career Optimism with Career Decision Self Efficacy and Career Adaptability as mediators in the millennial generation in Surakarta. In this study, the population used is the Surakarta millennial generation, aged between 27 and 42 years. Due to the unknown population, the calculation required to determine the minimum sample size is Malhottra's calculation. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling method which is included in the non probability sampling technique. The data used in this research is primary data. Primary data was used in the preparation of this study, this data was obtained through respondents' answers from a closed questionnaire. The data collection method used in this research is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with Smart Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that protean career has a positive and significant effect on career decision self-efficacy. Protean career has a positive and significant effect on career optimism. Protean career has a positive and significant effect on career adaptability. Career decision self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on career optimism. Career adaptability has a positive and significant effect on career optimism. Protean career has a positive and significant effect on career optimism through career decision self-efficacy. Protean career has a positive and significant effect on career optimism through career adaptability. 
 
 Keywords: Protean Career, Career Optimism, Career Decision Self Efficacy, Career Adaptability

Career Counseling Using a Trait and Factor Approach to Help Students in Making Career Decisions

This research explores group counseling with a trait and factor approach in supporting students in making career decisions. This approach emphasizes the identification of personal characteristics and factors related to career choice, providing a solid foundation for the decision-making process. The literature study method was used to collect data. The research results show that the trait and factor approach is able to provide a deeper understanding of students' strengths, interests and values, which positively influences their ability to make informational career decisions based on self-reflection.

Fellowship-trained physicians who let their geriatric medicine certification lapse: A national survey.

Only 62.6% of fellowship-trained and American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM)-certified geriatricians maintain their specialty certification in geriatric medicine, the lowest rate among all internal medicine subspecialties and the only subspecialty in which physicians maintain their internal medicine certification at higher rates than their specialty certification. This study aims to better understand underlying issues related to the low rate of maintaining geriatric medicine certification in order to inform geriatric workforce development strategies. Eighteen-item online survey of internists who completed a geriatric medicine fellowship, earned initial ABIM certification in geriatric medicine between 1999 and 2009, and maintained certification in internal medicine (and/or another specialty but not geriatric medicine). Survey domains: demographics, issues related to maintaining geriatric medicine certification, professional identity, and current professional duties. 153/723 eligible completed surveys (21.5% response). Top reasons for not maintaining geriatric medicine certification were time (56%), cost of maintenance of certification (MOC) (45%), low Medicare reimbursement for geriatricians' work (32%), and no employer requirement to maintain geriatric medicine certification (31%). Though not maintaining geriatric medicine certification, 68% reported engaging in professional activities related to geriatric medicine. Reflecting on career decisions, 56% would again complete geriatric medicine fellowship, 21% would not, and 23% were unsure. 54% considered recertifying in geriatric medicine. 49% reported flexible MOC assessment options would increase likelihood of maintaining certification. The value proposition of geriatric medicine certification needs strengthening. Geriatric medicine leaders must develop strategies and tactics to reduce attrition of geriatricians by enhancing the value of geriatric medicine expertise to key stakeholders.

Work Devotion as Identity Armor? How Single Professionals with Relationship Aspirations Use Career Decisions to Manage Their Identities

Although scholarship has established how people with a partner, child, or other domestic obligations account for these responsibilities when making career decisions, we lack conceptual apparatus around how career decision making is informed by personal aspirations. Following a cohort of 89 international aid workers over eight years, I draw on in-depth interview (n = 126), survey (n = 551), and job transition data (n = 228) to detail how career decision making serves as a platform for identity management for single professionals who have aspirations for a long-term intimate relationship. I introduce the possibility space, which conveys how the ability to realize relationship aspirations is constrained for work-devoted professionals, especially for straight women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people. Yet, they resist scaling back work. I detail why, presenting the three types of career decisions they made: (1) work devotion as identity armor, protecting and affirming their current aid worker identity; (2) temporary work alterations as identity diversification, carving out time to hopefully realize their desired relationship while postponing the affirmation of their aid worker identity; and (3) durable work alterations as identity restructuring, removing the aid worker identity from their identity network. This article’s model of career decision making as identity management and the broader theoretical explanation of how different behavioral practices can manage temporally distinct identities offers important contributions to scholarship on identity, the work-nonwork interface, labor market inequalities, and career decision making. Funding: This research was supported by the University of Minnesota’s Grant-in-Aid of Research, Artistry and Scholarship and a Stanford University Dissertation Support Grant.

중년기에 진로전환을 한 여성 심리상담사의 진로결정 경험에 관한 내러티브 탐구

Objectives This study attempted to explore and understand the meaning of the experience and the characteristics that made happenstance events an opportunities for middle-aged women to make career decisions as psycho-logical counselors.
 Methods This study selected two middle-aged female psychological counselors who responded that they made career decisions based on happenstance events and attempted to interpret, analyze, and understand the experi-ences of the study participants through the narrative inquiry of Clandinin and Connelly(2000). Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research method that explores the stories of individual humans' lived experiences for human under-standing(Hong Young-sook, 2015).
 Results Participants in the study experienced happenstance events, recalled dreams that they had not achieved on the journey of their lives, and experienced new challenges. Looking at the meaning of the experience of living an happenstance event through career decision, Lee Eun-joo was a ‘process of self-realization’ and Kim Hyun-joo was a ‘process of overcoming inferiority.’ As a characteristic that led happenstance events to career decisions, Lee Eun-joo stood out for her ‘will to stand under my name’ and ‘husband's support,’ while Kim Hyun-joo had ‘yearning for professional jobs’ and ‘passion for learning.’ In addition, all of the study participants received ‘family support’ and had ‘reflective awareness of middle age,’ which supported the middle-aged study participants in the process of making career decisions based on happenstance events.
 Conclusions This study is meaningful in that it was possible to comprehensively understand how happenstance events lived through career decisions in the context of individual lives, along with the situation of middle age, re-garding the career decision process of two female psychological counselors who changed their careers in middle age. It is hoped that the results of this study will expand to understanding the career change of female psycho-logical counselors and middle-aged women who have changed their careers in middle age, contributing to the process of dealing with happenstance factors in counselor education and middle-aged career counseling.

청소년의 그릿과 학업열의 사이의 자기회귀교차지연모형 검증

Objectives This study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between grit and academic engagement using first, third, and fifth year data of KCYPS 2018 and to verify the difference in causality according to career decision making.
 Methods To this purpose, after reviewing descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients, the developmental tendency of grit and academic engagement and the causal relationship direction of the two variables were con-firmed through the verification of the autoregressive cross-lagged model, and used the test of the structural model invariance across the groups in the multi-group analysis was conducted to verify whether there is a differ-ence in the causal relationship direction between the two variables depending on the career decision making.
 Results First, it was confirmed that the level of grit and academic engagement remained stable for five years from the first year of middle school to the second year of high school. Second, while grit has a positive effect on aca-demic engagement, academic engagement has a negative effect on grit. Third, in the case of the career decision group, the level of grit and academic engagement was stable, grit had a positive effect on academic engagement, and academic engagement had a negative effect on grit. However, in the case of the career indecision group, only the level of academic engagement was stable, and there was no causal relationship between grit and academic engagement.
 Conclusions The developmental tendency of grit and academic engagement and the longitudinal causal relation-ship between the two variables were identified and the importance of career decision in adolescence was clarified.

Pelatihan Perencanaan Karir Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kematangan Karir Pada Siswa Madrasah Aliyah (MA)

Madrasah Aliyah (MA) students. The method used in training is through lectures, discussions, assignments, questions and answers. The presenter delivers psychoeducation about careers to open up insight into the benefits and importance of careers for students, self-awareness to increase self-awareness, Johari window to increase knowledge about oneself, set the goals using the SMART method, reveal one's potential through SWOT analysis, and personality analysis through the RIASEC test to determine the suitability of personality with the desired career. Measurements were carried out twice. The first measurement (pre-test) is carried out before implementing the program to determine the initial conditions for student career decision-making. The second measurement (post-test) is carried out after students receive career training. Next, the results of the pre-test and post-test data were statistically analyzed using a paired-sample t-test using SPSS 23.0 for Windows. The results of the PKM activities carried out show that career planning training is able to increase the career maturity of MA students. Students' understanding of themselves will help them determine their career plans in accordance with their interests and talents.Keyword : career maturity; career training; students

Effect of Surgery Before and After Clerkship on the Attitude of Medical Students Toward Surgery as a Future Career in Saudi Arabia

Background: It is becoming harder and harder to persuade talented medical students to choose carers in any of the medical specialties. According to studies, the majority of medical students make their final career decisions while still in college. Various student and institution-related aspects are crucial to the decision on specialization. Gender, age, marital status, prestige influence, surgical mentors, career potential, intellectual challenge, and clerkship experience are among the variables recognized as having a major impact on the decision to choose surgery as a career. Methods: The data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire. The study is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The target population of this study included medical students in the fourth year and above from Saudi Arabia. Results: This study was conducted in Saudi Arabia with 835 participants, of whom 62.4% and 37.6% were female and male, respectively. The majority of respondents (83.2%) fell within the age range of 18 - 25 years. The largest representation of participants came from the western region (29.7%), followed by the southern region (27.4%). Regarding career aspirations, 60.5% were willing to pursue a career in surgery; however, 39.5% expressed a negative inclination. Among medical students, general surgery students showed no significant change in attitudes before and after a surgical clerkship; nevertheless, other specialties remained largely unaffected. Factors influencing the choice of a surgical career included lifestyle concerns, perception of working hours, prestige, manual activity, intellectual challenge, research opportunities, work-life balance, financial considerations, and patient perception. Conclusions: This study indicated that a significant percentage of participants expressed a positive inclination toward pursuing a career in surgery. However, a surgical clerkship did not significantly influence the attitudes of medical students toward general surgery or other specialties. Factors such as lifestyle concerns, working hours, prestige, intellectual challenge, and financial considerations played crucial roles in shaping career choices among medical students.

LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIR KELAS XII DI SMK CENDEKIA

Career decision making is a selection process from a variety of existing career options, whichcan be taken based on self-understanding, one's personality, and self-motivation. It can includeeducation as well as entering a training program, applying for a job, upgrading a job, changingpositionsorenteringanewjob.ThereasonforthisreviewwastodecidetheviabilityofgatheringdirectionadministrationsutilizingpretendingprocedurestofurtherdeveloptheprofessionthinkingabilitiesofclassXIIatSMKCendekia.Thereweretwogroupsandaquasi-experimentalnon-equivalent control group design in this study. This exploration was directed on 20 class XIIunderstudies who were partitioned into an exploratory gathering and a benchmark group. TheinformationassortmentstrategyutilizedwasaconfidencepollalludingtoKrumboltz'shypothesis. Using SPSS version 25 and a gain score, quantitative data analysis methods wereapplied to the data. This study's n-gain test results show that the experimental group's averagevalueis58.6%,whichisconsideredmoderatelyeffective.Meanwhile,therunofthemillworthofthebenchmarkbunchinthen-gaintestwas35.9%,whichwasintheineffectiveclass.Soitmightbe assumed that pack course organizations using imagining techniques are truly feasible inadditional creatingoccupation decisiveabilitiestoreasonfor classXII atSMKCendekia.

Testing a chain mediation model of effort-reward imbalance, Confucian values, job satisfaction, and intention to quit among Chinese vocational education teachers.

This research delves into the significant impact of Confucian Values on the societal fabric of China, particularly in the realm of vocational education. In this setting, these principles are instrumental in guiding both educators and students. The study employs the Culture-Value Structure (CVS) model to dissect the intricate dynamics between Confucian Values, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), educators' job satisfaction, and their inclination toward leaving the profession. Teachers in vocational education, who are often regarded as moral guides, play a pivotal role in the ethical and social upbringing of students. Adopting Confucian values not only promotes academic success but also nurtures all-round development, equipping students for conscientious societal roles. In the backdrop of Confucian influence, these educators face substantial stressors in the workplace due to varied demands. The ERI model, proposed by Siegrist, serves as a tool to comprehend the stress experienced when there is a disproportion between efforts and rewards. This study delves into how ERI correlates with job satisfaction among vocational education teachers, with a focus on the modifying effect of Confucian values. Additionally, it examines the potential role of job satisfaction in mediating the relationship between ERI and the tendency to consider leaving the job. The research illuminates the complex interrelation of cultural values, occupational stress, job contentment, and career decision-making in the context of vocational education in China. The research involved a group of 332 Vocational education teachers from diverse Chinese institutions. Through thorough statistical analysis, the study validated the model's effectiveness, notably indicating a substantial direct impact of ERI on the Intention to Quit. The investigation pinpointed Factors I (Integrity), II (Confucian Ethos), and IV (Moderation) as key determinants of job satisfaction. Notably, an increase in job satisfaction was found to inversely relate to the likelihood of leaving the profession, implying it could lessen the propensity to resign. The research applied a Chain Mediation Model to elucidate the influence of ERI on the decision to quit, mediated by various factors. The findings highlight the complex interaction of elements influencing teachers' decisions to leave, showcasing the utility of sophisticated statistical methodologies in decoding complex social dynamics.

Development of Adolescents' perceptions of the nursing image scale and evaluation of its psychometric properties: A methodological study

Background and purposeIt is important to assess the perception of the nursing image among adolescents, the group closest to the career decision, to enhance their view of the nursing image. This study was conducted to develop the Adolescents' Perceptions of Nursing Image Scale (APNIS) and evaluate its psychometric properties. MethodThe study has a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational, and methodological design. The study was conducted with 614 adolescents aged 12–18 years in Turkey between October 15, 2022, and December 15, 2022. The data were analyzed using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient, Barlett's test, factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, split-half analysis, item sum statistics, Hotelling's T2, and test-retest analysis. ResultsAs a result of the explanatory factor analysis, the items on the scale were collected under six sub-dimensions, and the scale explained 62.843% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit was adequate. The total internal consistency Cronbach alpha value of the scale is 0.90, and the sub-dimension Cronbach alpha values are between 0.70 and 0.90. The Spearman-Brown coefficient of the scale was 0.94, the Guttman-split-half coefficient was 0.94, Hotelling's T2 value was 373.829, F = 9.510, and p < 0.001. As a result of the Tukey summability analysis, F = 0.431 and p > 0.05, the scale was found to be summable. The test-retest result of the scale was r = 0.899. ConclusionThe 38-item APNIS is a valid and reliable tool that assesses adolescents' perceptions of the nursing image. Practice implicationsThe scale, including universal items about the nursing image, is easy and practical to use.

HUBUNGAN ORIENTASI TUJUAN DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SALAFIYAH SYAFI’IYAH

Career decision making is a thinking process in selecting and determining various existingIslamic boarding schools are places where students gain and practice knowledge. Being in an Islamic boarding school requires students to have motivation to learn. One of the factors related to motivation is having a goal orientation. The aim of this research is to statistically test the relationship between goal orientation and students’ learning motivation in Islamic boarding schools. This research uses quantitative research methods with a correlation research type. The results of this research show that the level of goal orientation of students is in the high category as many as 49 students (56%), and as many as 38 students (44%) are in the medium category. The results of the level of student motivation to learn were in the high category as many as 58 students (67%) and as many as 29 students (33%) were in the medium category. The results of the product moment analysis show that there is a positive and very significant relationship between goal orientation and learning motivation as shown by the Pearson correlation results of (r) = 0.424 with sig (p) = 0.000 (p&lt;0.05). The results of the analysis test show that the higher the level of goal orientation, the higher the learning motivation.

KORELASI KEMATANGAN EMOSI DENGAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIER PADA SISWA KELAS XII MAN 1 JEMBER

Career decision making is a thinking process in selecting and determining various existing career options. This research aims to determine the relationship between emotional maturity and career decision making in class XII students at MAN 1 Jember. This research is quantitative research with a correlation type of research. Based on the research results, there is a weak relationship between emotional maturity and career decision making in class XII students at MAN 1 Jember with a positive direction. This is proven by using the Product Moment correlation test with a sig=765 value of more than 0.05. And a value of 0.30 indicates a low correlation coefficient because it is in the range of 0.25-0.40. So, the higher the emotional maturity of class XII MAN 1 Jember students, the higher the career decision making of class XII MAN 1 Jember students.

The Relationship Between Personality Factors, Vocational Identity and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

Context: Adolescence is the training ground for adult life. In a relatively short period, the adolescent will undergo a metamorphosis. During the high school years, the majority of adolescents move from persistent dependence to true independence, from logical thinking to abstract, complex and hypothetical thinking, from impulsivity to consideration and from a diffuse feeling about one's own person to a reasonably defined self-identity. Adolescent's vocational identity formation during high school is an extremely important process in vocational and career counseling, because it helps them to make rational choices regarding the choice of a career gaining an increased level of career maturity. Methods: The present study had as participants 300 Romanian teenagers which belong to the following paths of studies/profiles: formal sciences (specializations: Mathematics-informatics and Natural Sciences), services (specializations: Economics, trade, tourism and food) and humanities (specialization: Philology). The tools used in the adolescent evaluation process were Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy-Short Form Scale (CDMSE-SF), the Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-3). Results: After the interpretation of the obtained results, the following aspects were demonstrated: The identity status career commitment correlates with the personality traits - neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness, and regarding the career decision-making self-efficacy it correlates with the self-evaluation process, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, career planning and the problem-solving process. Identity status identification with career commitment correlates with personality traits - extraversion, openness to experience and conscientiousness, and from the perspective of the career decision-making self-efficacy, it correlates with the process of self-evaluation, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, solving problems and career planning. The identity status career commitment flexibility correlates with the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness, and from the perspective of the career decision-making self-efficacy it correlates with the problem-solving process. Identity status career self-doubt correlates positively with the personality trait neuroticism and negatively with conscientiousness, the process of self-evaluation, obtaining information about self and professions, setting goals, career planning and problem solving. Conclusion: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between vocational identity, personality factors and career decision-making self-efficacy. The results demonstrated that certain personality traits, respectively certain components of career decision-making self-efficacy are predictors for the adolescent's vocational identity formation.

The Impact of Family Relationship Quality on Youth's Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy: The Mediating Role of Youth's Positive Decision-Making Skills

Although studies have focused on identifying the association between family-related factors (e.g., family relationship quality) and youth's career decision-making self-efficacy, additional empirical evidence is necessary to clarify the potential factors influencing the connection between family relationship quality and youth's career decision-making self-efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of youth's perceived levels of family relationship quality on their career decision-making self-efficacy and the mediating role of their positive decision-making skills among 425 youth participants in a southeastern region of the United States. The authors of this study conducted a mediation analysis using longitudinal data at two different time points in order to investigate the mediating effect of youth's positive decision-making skills. Results indicated that family relationship quality did not have a direct association with youth's career decision-making self-efficacy. Instead, youth's positive decision-making skills had a full mediating effect on the association between the quality of youth-family member relationships and their self-efficacy for career decision-making. Implications for family life educators, researchers of youth career development, and family counselors are discussed.