Caretakers Of Children Research Articles

Health itinerary-related survival of children under-five with severe malaria or bloodstream infection, DR Congo.

Prompt appropriate treatment reduces mortality of severe febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied the health itinerary of children under-five admitted to the hospital with severe febrile illness in a setting endemic for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, identified delaying factors and assessed their associations with in-hospital death. Health itinerary data of this cohort study were collected during 6 months by interviewing caretakers of children (>28 days - <5 years) admitted with suspected bloodstream infection to Kisantu district hospital, DR Congo. The cohort was followed until discharge to assess in-hospital death. From 784 enrolled children, 36.1% were admitted >3 days after fever onset. This long health itinerary was more frequent in children with bacterial bloodstream infection (52.9% (63/119)) than in children with severe Pf malaria (31.0% (97/313)). Long health itinerary was associated with in-hospital death (OR = 2.1, p = 0.007) and two thirds of deaths occurred during the first 3 days of admission. Case fatality was higher in bloodstream infection (22.8% (26/114)) compared to severe Pf malaria (2.6%, 8/309). Bloodstream infections were mainly (74.8% (89/119)) caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella. Bloodstream infections occurred in 20/43 children who died in-hospital before possible enrolment and non-typhoidal Salmonella caused 16 out of these 20 bloodstream infections. Delaying factors associated with in-hospital death were consulting traditional, private and/or multiple providers, rural residence, prehospital intravenous therapy, and prehospital overnight stays. Use of antibiotics reserved for hospital use, intravenous therapy and prehospital overnight stays were most frequent in the private sector. Long health itineraries delayed appropriate treatment of bloodstream infections in children under-five and were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Non-typhoidal Salmonella were the main cause of bloodstream infection and had high case fatality. NCT04289688.

Experiences of Children During the Pandemic: Scrutinizing Increased Vulnerabilities in Education in the Case of Turkey.

The lengthy time of school closure was one defining factor in understanding child well-being during the pandemic in a context where school as a relational space holds great importance for children, particularly those from a low socioeconomic background. Considering this significant aspect of lengthy school closure during the pandemic in Turkey, this article explores children's experiences concerning their day-to-day access to education, digital inequalities, housing conditions, and changing context of relations with peers and teachers. The article also explores the meaning that children attribute to school as a relational space where they shape their intergenerational and generational relations. The absence of the school in children's lives for almost 2 years has been a major source of longing for such significant childhood space. Following our earlier work on the children's negotiation of well-being within the boundaries of the relational spaces of home and school, this article looks into how children negotiate their well-being in a pandemic environment where school as a relational space has changed its meaning and where children's caretakers' (teachers, parents, and other) vulnerabilities have also increased. The analysis draws on the qualitative fieldwork carried out with 50 children during the summer of 2020 in Turkey. We aim to reflect on the experiences from children's perspectives within the boundaries of the constraints that the pandemic has generated. This article also discusses how COVID-19 has widened the gap and increased vulnerabilities among the already disadvantaged groups and gender in terms of available resources and their allocation as it is reflected in time use that portrays the meaning that children attribute to their own experience during the pandemic.

The infant/toddler teacher as willful subject: A critical narrative analysis of gendered discursive regimes in US-based early care and education

Dominant narratives of teacher emotion in early care and education rely on historical discourses of white femininity and white maternalism to position early childhood teachers as naturally adept and selfless caretakers of young children. Missing from these narratives, however, is the reality that emotion-display rules and norms are often enforced on teachers through surveillance and social control, and that teachers whose emotion displays veer outside the bounds of the dominant narratives experience punitive professional and personal backlash. This qualitative case study utilizes critical narrative analysis and post-structural feminist perspectives to explore the emotional experiences of Lauren, a white, female infant/toddler teacher, as she navigated the emotional experience of teaching during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. The data is drawn from a larger study guided by the following research question: “What are the emotional experiences of early childhood teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic?” The findings in this article leverage Michel Foucault's concept of the “docile body” and Sara Ahmed's concept of the “willful subject” to interpret themes of discursive enforcement and teacher resistance to teacher emotion-display norms and rules. These findings problematize the dominant construction of the idealized emotional landscape of early care and education and present in its place a portrait of surveillance and resistance in a discursive struggle of power against emotional will.

Indirect costs associated with "free" paediatric haemodialysis: Experience from Karachi, Pakistan.

Treatment of children with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), requiring maintenance dialysis, poses unique challenges. In low- and middle-income countries, lifelong treatment leads to significant stress on the overall family unit. Families face serious financial, social and psychological consequences despite free treatment. This pilot study, utilising primarily quantitative methods, supplemented by two case studies, is set in Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, providing free medical treatment. Fifty-two caretakers of children receiving haemodialysis for more than five years participated in the quantitative arm. Findings reveal that additional financial challenges may send the entire household into financial catastrophe. Social problems include migration from native cities, impact on the education of the sick child along with changes in lives of siblings. One-third of primary caretakers screened positive for anxiety/depression. Healthcare professionals practicing in developing countries face considerable ethical dilemmas in their practice when offering "free" paediatric dialysis services knowing the financial and psychological burden posed to families.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Legal Aspects of Child Abuse among Care Takers of Children With A View to Develop an Information Pamphlet on Child Abuse in A Selected Hospital, Bangalore

Child abuse or child maltreatment is any kind of physical, sexual or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver. The prevalence of child abuse globally is estimated up to 1 billion children aged between 2-17 years have experienced physical, sexual or emotional violence or neglect as per the statistics of 2020 by WHO. It is the responsibility of the caretakers to protect their child and be aware of all the legal aid which is available for children afflicted with child abuse. So the study was conducted with the objectives as follows: • To assess the knowledge of caretakers regarding legal aspects on child abuse. • To determine the association between knowledge regarding legal aspects of child abuse and selected demographic variables. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the caregivers of children below 15 years of age visiting paediatric OPD of SJMCH, Bangalore. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding legal aspects of child abuse. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. In our study, only 4.2% of parents had good knowledge about the topic whereas 50.9% had moderate knowledge. Therefore, the researcher felt a strong need to educate and spread awareness to the parents regarding the topic of child abuse.

Immunization coverage in a rural area of Bareilly district: a cross-sectional community-based study

INTRODUCTION: Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Immunization remains a cost-effective method for child survival against vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite all the interventions put in by the government for 100% immunization coverage, there remain pockets of low coverage, especially in rural areas.Our aim was to estimate the immunization coverage and assess sociodemographic factors associated with immunization among children aged 12-23 months in a rural area of Bareilly. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area under RHTC from January 2016 to June 2016 using a 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique. A total of seven children aged 12-23 months were interviewed from each cluster on a preformed, pretested, and semi-structured questionnaire, thus giving a sample size of 210. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: More than two-thirds (69%) of study participants were completely vaccinated, whereas about 31% were partially or not vaccinated. Immunization coverage was found to be highest for BCG (80.4%) and lowest for the third dose of DPT (69.0%). The most common reason for partial or non-immunization was found to be unawareness (45.5%) and fear of side effects (43.9%). CONCLUSION: There is a need to create awareness and increase knowledge among caretakers of children about the importance and benefits of getting immunization for their children as a major step toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goals.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF CIDDIE KIT©, A DIETARY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

Nutritional status of people with intellectual disability (PWID) is always at risk and developing a dietary assessment tool is important. This study aims to test reliability (inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability) and comparable validity (limit of agreement against a multiple pass 24-hour diet recall recorded by a professional dietitian) of a recently developed dietary assessment kit, CIDDIE Kit©, that specialised for a more dependent group of PWID, focusing on preschool aged children. The CIDDIE Kit© was given to 26 parents or caretakers of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) registered with three selected Community Based Rehabilitation Centre in the Klang Valley area. Each subject was asked to complete two sets of CIDDIE Kit© in a two-week interval session. Meanwhile, a certified dietitian conducted a 24-Hour Diet Recall among the same 26 subjects. The validity and reliability of CIDDIE Kit© were analysed using Bland-Altman method, percentage of correctly classified quartile, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. For comparable validity test, the estimated intake from CIDDIE Kit© and Multiple Pass 24-Hour Diet Recall were considerably in agreement to each other. The test-retest reliability analysis showed significant high similarity (p &lt; 0.001) between the estimated intake from both phases of CIDDIE Kit© where the ICC value ranged approximately 0.9 (R = 0.889 - 0.930). The inter-rater reliability analysis was significantly positive (p &lt; 0.001) and strong correlation (indicating internal consistency), r (0.706 – 0.853). The specially designed CIDDIE Kit© can provide a considerably valid and reliable assessment.

Dual Role of Early Childhood Teachers as Health Cadres in Reducing Stunting

Background: The role of early childhood education teachers (PAUD) is getting bigger in areas related to child nutrition and become potential contributors in improving and reducing stunting cases in children under five. The purpose of this study is how to promote health through the right food for PAUD-aged children. The role of PAUD teachers as well as health cadres is to become best practice in efforts to reduce stunting in the Malang City, Indonesia. Methods: This research is an analytic observational cross sectional design, using 150 PAUD teachers as well as health cadres who carry out best practice efforts to reduce stunting through evidence-based in-depth interviews. Results: The best practices that have been implemented are : the number of PAUD-age children who receive PMT directly; the ease of delivery of health promotion to the community, especially parents or child caretakers; higher community compliance; and a significant increase in children's weight and height. The impact and output of the dual role of PAUD teachers as health cadres in reducing stunting is more effective. Conclusion: This dual role of early childhood teachers as health cadres needs to be appreciated, defined, and rewarded by national authorities, based on local needs, and programmed according to policy-based evidence, such as in the formation of the Team for the Acceleration of Stunting Reduction (TPPS).

Psycho-social challenges faced by caretakers of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years with sickle cell disease admitted in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda

BackgroundFamilies of children and adolescents living with sickle cell disease face several challenges ranging from psycho-social to social-economic challenges. This study aimed to explore psycho-social challenges experienced by caretakers of children and adolescents aged 0–19 years with SCD and the various coping mechanisms. MethodsA mixed-methods cross-sectional study was carried out among caregivers of children with SCD who were admitted to the pediatric wards of the Mbale Regional Referral Hospital from September 2019 to November 2019. A total of 333 participants were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire and 11 in-depth interviews were conducted. ResultsMost participants 285(85.59%) reported that they experienced psychological challenges and almost all the participants in this study 297(89.19%) experienced social challenges during the care of their patients. Only 36(10.81%) reported not experiencing any social challenges. Almost all the participants reported coping with the situation in various ways of which, 296(88.89%) used acceptance, 9(2.7%) still lived in denial, while 9(2.7%) used talking with others and getting counseled to reduce the intensity of the feelings experienced.Three themes were generated from the in-depth interviews; knowledge of the child's health condition; common symptoms and care, the experience of psycho-social challenges, and coping strategies. ConclusionSickle cell disease has affected two sets of people; the people living with the disease and those who are caring for their loved ones. Being conscious of this will help health practitioners to be more empathetic to patients and caregivers when treating people living with sickle cell disease. The biggest proportion of caretakers of children and adolescents 0–19 years experienced psycho-social challenges. The main coping strategy used by the caretakers was acceptance.

A case study on the effect of light and colors in the built environment on autistic children's behavior.

The importance of strategies and services by caregivers and family members substantially impact the psychological and emotional wellbeing of autistic children. The rapid research developments in clinical and non-clinical methods benefit the features of autistic children. Among various internal and external factors, the influence of the built environment also impacts the characteristics of autistic children. This study investigates primarily the psychological effect of light and colors on the mood and behavior of autistic children to identify the most favorable and preferred indoor lights and color shades. A questionnaire survey was conducted at an autism center among autistic children and their parents. This study included autistic children aged between 6 and 16 (45 males, 42 females, mean age 8.7 years, standard deviation 2.3). Eighty-seven participants were involved in the survey to determine the sensory perceptions, intolerance, preferences, and sensitivities of children with an autism spectrum disorder toward colors and lighting. The margin of error at the statistical analysis's 95% confidence level is ± 0.481. As per this case report, the children have various color preferences and respond differently to different shades. Different hues have varying effects on autistic children, with many neutral tones and mellow shades proven to be autistic-friendly with their calming and soothing effect, while bright, bold, and intense colors are refreshing and stimulating. The stimulus of bright-lighting causes behavioral changes in autistic children prone to light sensitivity. The insights gained from this interaction with parents and caretakers of autistic children could be helpful for designers to incorporate specific autistic-friendly design elements that make productive interior spaces. A complete understanding of the effect of factors like color and lighting on the learning ability and engagement of autistic children in an indoor environment is essential for designers and clinicians. The main findings of this study could be helpful for a designer and clinicians to address designing an autism-friendly built environment with a color palette and lighting scheme conducive to their wellbeing and to maximize their cognitive functioning.

Follow-up household assessment for child unintentional injuries two years after the intervention: A community-based study from Karachi, Pakistan

BackgroundUnintentional childhood injuries are a growing public health concern, and the home is the most common location for non-fatal injuries in children less than 5 years of age. This study describes the long-term effects of two injury prevention educational interventions for caregivers—an educational pamphlet and an in-home tutorial guide—by comparing the change in the prevalence of home injury hazards before and after the interventions. MethodsThis was a pre- (June and July 2010) and post-study with short-term follow-up (November-December 2010) and long-term follow-up (November 2012- January 2013). Neighborhood one included households that received only educational pamphlets after completing a baseline assessment; neighborhood two included households that received an in-home tutorial guide after completing the baseline assessment and receiving the educational pamphlet. The main outcome of this study was the reduction in home injury hazards for children under 5 years of age. ResultsA total of 312 households participated in the long-term phase to compare the effect of the interventions. Between the short-term to long-term follow-up, injury hazards significantly reduced in neighborhood two compared to neighborhood one. These included fall hazards (walker use) (IRR 0.24 [95% CI 0.08-0.71]), drowning hazards (open bucket of water in the courtyard and uncovered water pool) (IRR 0.45 [95% CI 0.85-0.98] and IRR 0.46 [95% CI 0.76-0.94]), burn hazards (iron, water heater within reach of child) (IRR 0.56 [95% CI 0.33-0.78] and IRR 0.58 [95% CI 0.32-0.91]), poisoning hazards (shampoo/soap and medicine within reach of child) (IRR 0.53 [95% CI 0.44-0.77] and IRR 0.7 [95% CI 0.44-0.98]) and breakable objects within reach of child (IRR 0.62 [95% CI: 0.39-0.99]). ConclusionAn injury prevention tutorial to caretakers of children supplemented with pamphlets could significantly decrease the incidence of falls, drowning, burns, poisoning, and cut injury hazards for children under 5 years of age in their homes in a low-resource setting. This intervention has the potential to be integrated in existing public health programs, such as Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), to disseminate injury prevention information in routine home health visits.

Malaria among under-five children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundGlobally, malaria is among the leading cause of under-five mortality and morbidity. Despite various malaria elimination strategies being implemented in the last decades, malaria remains a major public health concern, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Furthermore, there have been limited and inconclusive studies in Ethiopia to generate information for action towards malaria in under-five children. Additionally, there is a considerable disparity between the results of the existing studies. Therefore, the pooled estimate from this study will provide a more conclusive result to take evidence-based interventional measures against under-five malaria.MethodsThe protocol of this review is registered at PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020157886. All appropriate databases and grey literature were searched to find relevant articles. Studies reporting the prevalence or risk factors of malaria among under-five children were included. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data was extracted using Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysis was done using STATA 16.0 statistical software. The pooled prevalence and its associated factors of malaria were determined using a random effect model. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test statistics and I2 test. Furthermore, publication bias was checked by the visual inspection of the funnel plot and using Egger’s and Begg’s statistical tests.ResultsTwelve studies with 34,842 under-five children were included. The pooled prevalence of under-five malaria was 22.03% (95% CI 12.25%, 31.80%). Lack of insecticide-treated mosquito net utilization (AOR: 5.67, 95% CI 3.6, 7.74), poor knowledge of child caretakers towards malaria transmission (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI 1.70, 3.89), and living near mosquito breeding sites (AOR: 5.05, 95% CI 2.92, 7.19) were risk factors of under-five malaria.ConclusionMore than one in five children aged under five years were infected with malaria. This suggests the rate of under-five malaria is far off the 2030 national malaria elimination programme of Ethiopia. The Government should strengthen malaria control strategies such as disseminating insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs), advocating the utilization of ITNs, and raising community awareness regarding malaria transmission.

Japanese governmental agencies and gendered representations in public and warning signs

To counter Japan’s low birth rate, labor shortage, and economic stagnation, their government has adopted policies, such as the ‘womenomics,’ and ‘The Ikumen project,’ so that more women can join the workforce, and men can enjoy a healthier work-life balance. However, this study shows that governmental agencies employ gendered representations in public and warning signs, which contradict such policies. For instance, this study found that most public signs depict women predominantly as the caretakers of children, while men are predominantly seen as suit-wearing ‘salarymen’ who prioritize work over home. Additionally, men are almost always represented as law-breaking individuals, while women are frequently shown as helpless victims. Since such signs carry official government insignias, this study suggests conceptualizing public signs through Foucault’s ‘dividing practices,’ as signs divide society into gendered groups to create social order. Furthermore, this study argues that gendered representations in public signs possibly reflect that the government’s view regarding gendered roles in Japan has not fundamentally changed. Lastly, since the gendered representations of signs are similar to other media representations, this study argues that these representations should be viewed as part of a wider network of ‘systems of representations,’ which repeat the hegemonic gender representations in Japan.

Outcomes of intermediate-risk hydronephrosis in pediatric patients

Hydronephrosis is a common antenatal diagnosis and is present in approximately 1-5% of pregnancies. The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system was introduced in 2014 and stratifies post-natal hydronephrosis risk into three groups: low-risk (P1), intermediate-risk (P2), and high-risk (P3). Recommendations for P3 hydronephrosis have been established, whereas those for P1 and P2 UTD are often left to the discretion of providers with P1 considered low-grade and less concerning significant pathology. Given the obscure nature of P2 hydronephrosis, we sought to determine the natural history and outcomes of pediatric patients with P2 hydronephrosis within a single institution. Children <18 years old diagnosed with hydronephrosis between January 2015 and December 2018 were identified by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. Patients with P1 hydronephrosis, P3 hydronephrosis, known vesicoureteral reflux, complex anomalies (ex. Posterior urethral valve), neurological impairments, neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal abnormalities, and <6 months of follow-up were excluded. The development of urinary tract infection (UTI; ≥100000CFU/mL of bacterial growth, UA>10 WBCs/hpf with fever >38C), need for surgical intervention (impaired renal function, worsening hydronephrosis, and/or delayed drainage on diuretic renography), and stability of hydronephrosis were collected retrospectively. Eighty-seven patients [105 renal units (RU)] were included. Twenty-six patients (30%) were female and 61 (70%) were male. Of the male patients, 30 (49%) of them were circumcised. The median age at initial evaluation was 1 month, and the median duration of follow-up was 13 months. Thirty-four (32%) RU had complete resolution, 24 (23%) improved to P1 hydronephrosis, 33 (31%) remained stable, and 14 (13%) progressed to P3 hydronephrosis. The median duration to resolution and improvement was 8.5 months and 5 months, respectively. Eleven (11%) RU required surgical intervention, 10 of which underwent pyeloplasty, with a median duration to intervention of 9 months. Fifty-five patients (63%) received antibiotic prophylaxis (amoxicillin or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) for a median duration of 5 months. Nine patients (10%) developed a UTI, 3 of which were taking antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of infection. Intermediate-risk hydronephrosis diagnosed in the pediatric population will either improve, resolve, or remain stable during 1-year follow-up in 87% of RU. Only 11% of RU required surgical intervention, and 19% of patients developed a UTI in the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis. These findings will assist with counseling parents concerning the importance of follow-up imaging and monitoring for UTI. However, the low risk of surgical intervention is encouraging and should be discussed with the children's caretakers.

Monitoring the environmental health status in the Swedish population 1999-2019

BACKGROUND AND AIM Since 1999, self-reported environmental health status and exposure has been monitored by questionnaires to the Swedish population in order to to follow up and act on emerging environmental health risks. This data, which is compiled in comprehensive environmental health reports, is unique and cannot be retrieved from any national register. The survey is administered by the Public Health Agency of Sweden, in close collaboration with the regions. METHODS Large random samples of the Swedish population (alternating between adults and children) have every 4th year since 1999 received a questionnaire about environmentally related diseases, exposures, annoyance and symptoms. The data has been completed with registry data, e.g. type of housing, educational level, income and country of birth. The last questionnaire (2019) was administered to caretakers of children, thereby completing two time series for adults and children, respectively, over a 20-year period. A focus on environmental health equity has been included in the data analysis of the results in recent years. RESULTS The number of administered questionnaires has increased from 15,750 in 1999 to 114,500 in 2019. However, the response rate has declined from 72% to 42% where it has stabilized, but due to the large sample sizes, the results are representative of the target populations. Among the noticeable trends are increasing annoyance from traffic noise and pollen allergies. A positive trend is a rapid decrease in indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. New fields are also emerging, like urbanization, green space and climate change. In the last survey, inequity in exposures was especially elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Environmental health surveys are important as a complementary tool to other forms of monitoring environmental health and can be used for decision making at national and regional levels. Inequities can be identified and hence appropriate measures taken. KEYWORDS Survey, environmental exposure, equity

Psychological distress and coping strategies among the caretakers of children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia.

IntroductionThalassemia is a chronic childhood disease that could result in psychological distress not only to the patients but also to their caretakers. Caretakers utilize different coping strategies to reduce stress and maintain a good quality of life.ObjectiveThe study aims to measure the level of psychological distress among caretakers of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and identify coping strategies used by them, as well as examine factors related to both outcome measures.MethodsSixty-eight (N = 68) caretakers of children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia agreed to participate in the study when they were approached during their visits to one of three major hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia, for the children's medical treatment. They completed the Malay validated Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) and Brief-COPE self-report, in addition to a brief study proforma.ResultsThe majority of the participants reported feeling psychologically well, with no related scores in depression, anxiety, and stress sub-scales. The mean score for anxiety and stress sub-scales were 3.54 (SD = 3.54) and 4.25 (SD = 3.26) respectively. The median score for the depression sub-scale was 2.00 (IQR 4.00). The three mostly utilized coping strategies were religion, acceptance, and positive reframing. Those with depressed and anxious moods were found to engage more in negative coping strategies including substance abuse, denial, and behavioral disengagement. Being female, of younger age, employed, with higher educational level, and income status was found to significantly influence the adoption of positive reframing as a coping strategy.ConclusionPsychological distress such as elevated anxiety and depression was found among a small portion of caretakers who have children with thalassemia whose treatment required blood transfusion. They were noted to apply more maladaptive coping strategies compared to their psychologically well counterparts.

Peran Perempuan Dalam Melahirkan Generasi Yang Berkualitas Perspektif Al-Qur’an

In the modern era like today, there are many women who work outside the home to meet the needs of their family life, earn a living as an addition to their husband's income, because of the demands of the new era in a society that is experiencing a period of women's emancipation. For women who work will divide attention to work and their families. This is a challenge for women when carrying out multiple roles. This causes many women to be unable to carry out their duties and responsibilities properly in the family, because mothers never know how to properly educate their children, such as being busy with their careers to handing over the biggest responsibility in children's education to the school or child caretaker. his son. As a result of that, how many families are destroyed because mothers are reluctant to educate their children, because they just ignore them, which eventually gives birth to a generation that cannot be expected, namely a generation that is not qualified. Based on the problems above, the researcher will examine more deeply about "The role of women in giving birth to a quality generation from the perspective of the Qur'an". To explore this study, the researcher used qualitative listening with the type of library research. The data analysis method in this study uses the thematic method or what is called Maud}u'i.&#x0D; Keywords: Women, generation, quality, al-Qur'an

A study to assess the perception of child abuse among care takers of children with a view to develop an information pamphlet on child abuse in a selected hospital, Bangalore

A study to assess the perception of child abuse among care takers of children with a view to develop an information pamphlet on child abuse in a selected hospital, Bangalore

Burnout Among Caretakers of Paediatric Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: Caring for children who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging. The goal of this study was to find out the prevalence of burnout and what factors contribute to it. We also want to know the correlation between caretaker’s strain and burnout. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that involved caretakers of children with CKD. They were recruited from a university hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaire in Malay language comprised of Demographic Information Form, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI-M) and Caregiver Strain Index (CSI-M) was used. Results: Eighty-eight caretakers were involved in this study. The mean age of caretakers was 42 years old, majority were female (72.4%), Malay (99.0%) and Muslim (99.0%). The mean age of children with CKD was 11 years old, most of them were on medication (69.3%) and mean duration of illness was 4.6 years. The prevalence of burnout in all domains (personal, work-related, client-related) among the caretakers was 5.7%. Eight caretakers had personal burnout (9.1%) while five (5.7%) had client-related and work-related burnout respectively. Multiple linear regression showed positive association of duration since the initial diagnosis and total ward admission within six months with total burnout score. Pearson correlation revealed a positive and fair correlation between strain and burnout. Conclusion: Prevalence of burnout among caretakers was generally low, but personal burnout outnumbered other domains. Children with CKD with longer duration of illness and more frequent ward admission are the important factors leading to burnout among caretakers. A high number of caretakers having significant strain indicated that there were possibilities of developing burnout later on.

Household chemicals and pre-schoolers: Caretakers’ beliefs and perspectives on risks and responsibilities

Chemical products are present in most households and can endanger the health of humans, particularly toddlers and pre-school children. With a focus on accident prevention, this article investigates parents and other caretakers’ beliefs and perspectives on risks and responsibilities. A mixed method approach was applied, combining in-depth qualitative interviews (pre-study, N = 10) and a quantitative survey (main study, N = 688) with Swiss caretakers of pre-school children. The questionnaire of the main study was developed based on the findings from the pre-study, and measured beliefs, perceptions of product, environmental risks, and responsibilities. The main findings suggest some prevalent misconceptions among parents regarding the risks of products perceived to be natural and the safety of child-protective caps. Furthermore, relationships were uncovered between psychological factors, such as perceived responsibility, trust and risk perception, and caretakers’ beliefs about household chemicals and their role in accident prevention. These beliefs highlight the need for preventive efforts focused on caretakers exhibiting pragmatic/trusting beliefs, compared to caretakers exhibiting protective or educational beliefs.