Toddler Care Research Articles

Hubungan Pola Asuh dan Status Gizi Balita Dengan Angka Kejadian Diare di Ruang Nusa Indah Bawah RSUD dr. Slamet Garut

The factors affecting diarrhea are factors of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, Alabsorbsi, food, psychological, environmental conditions. In the developing country per year the average child has diarrhea 3-4 times the incident. The host factor is a nutrient condition, mother's foster pattern, hygiene behaviour. Nutritional intake depends on the social process that mothers do. Family interactions especially mothers and children are called parenting patterns. PEnelitianaims to find the relationship of foster care and nutritional Status of toddlers with the incidence OF diarrhea in the room Nusa Indah under the Dr. Slamet Garut hospital. Researchs methods used descriptive correlational, sample count of 62 respondents, data retrieval carried out with questionnaires. The results of the study of most of the mother's foster pattern is ineffective and most of the nutritional status of the toddler patient skinny category in the space Nusa Indah under the Dr. Slamet Garut hospital. Conclusion between the mother's foster pattern there is a connection with the incidence of diarrhea and among the nutritional status of children there is a relationship with diarrhea incidence rate in Nusa Indah AREA under the hospital Dr. Slamet Garut hospital. It is recommended to provide health education to the patient family about the foster pattern and the nutrition treatment in children to avoid diarrhea

The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Early Childhood-, Preschool-, and Elementary School-Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Purpose Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impacts millions of children each year, with those between birth and 4 years of age being 1 of the highest incidence groups. To address gaps in service provision specifically for children with mild TBI (mTBI), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for providers. Method The goal of this commentary is to deliver viewpoints on the application of the CDC guidelines directly to speech-language pathology clinical practice, with special attention paid to assessment, symptom monitoring, and intervention using a family-centered approach to care for infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and early elementary students with mTBI. Results In all pediatric practice settings, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are a critical component of the care team for children who experience mTBI and should participate in symptom monitoring, assessment, intervention, education, and advocacy for this population. Conclusions SLPs can use the CDC guidelines to advocate for their role in the care of young children with mTBI. In addition, SLPs can use the guidelines to create a framework for clinical care provision when working with young children with mTBI. Much work is needed to advance evidence-based practices for this population, and dissemination of current clinical practices could help to close this gap.

Engaging toddlers in interactions during meals: group-related joint attention

Knowledge on how caregivers engage and interact with groups of toddlers in childcare settings is limited. Practice in toddler care is often based on individual approaches even though childcare is a group setting. This study focused on how caregivers created joint attention with toddlers in 12 groups during mealtimes. The results showed that some caregivers took the lead and engaged their groups in sustained joint attention episodes. The children in these groups seemed to be engaged in interactions that involved multiple children and had a rich variety of content. Other caregivers seemed unengaged, and their groups had few, brief interactions that mostly did not meet the criteria for joint attention. In these groups, the interactions largely consisted of rules and regulations. Keywords: Caregiver-toddler interactions, group-related joint attention, mealtimes, toddler childcare

Maternal Anxiety Symptoms and Mother-toddler Diet Quality Among WIC Participants (OR03-08-19)

ObjectivesTo evaluate the longitudinal association between maternal anxiety and diet quality among low-income mothers and toddlers. MethodsLongitudinal study of data collected from 267 mother-toddler dyads in an obesity prevention trial recruited from Maryland Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and pediatric clinics between 2007 and 2010. Dyads were assessed at 3-time points (baseline, 6-, 12-mo follow-up). Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015, dependent variable) estimated maternal and toddler diet quality obtained from a 24-h dietary recall (one day). Anxiety (time-variant independent variable) was assessed via State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mixed models assessed the longitudinal associations between maternal anxiety and maternal and toddler diet quality, separately, controlling for sociodemographic, maternal body mass index (BMI), and household food security. No significant effect by intervention group was found, thus intervention was treated as a covariate. An interaction term assessed the variation between anxiety and diet quality by time. ResultsMothers mean age was 27.1 (SD ± 6.2) years and anxiety 1.7 (± 0.6). Toddlers were on average 20.2 months old (± 5.6). Mean HEI at baseline was 47.9 (± 12.1) and 54.1 (± 10.5) for mothers and toddlers, respectively. Maternal anxiety was negatively related to toddler HEI score (β = −2.7, 95% CI: −4.9; −0.5) with no significant variation over time. There was a significant negative variation between maternal anxiety and maternal diet at baseline (β = −3.9, 95% CI: −6.2; −1.6) and 6-mo (β = −3.2, 95% CI: −5.9; −0.5), but not at 12-mo (β = −0.4, 95% CI: −2.9; 2.0). The relationship differed significantly only between baseline and 12-mo (β = 3.5, 95% CI: 0.3; 6.7). ConclusionsFindings suggest that mothers and toddlers exhibited similar dietary patterns, they are of low diet quality, and that diet quality decreased with maternal anxiety. Toddlerhood is often characterized by food neophobia and pickiness, which are common sources of maternal anxiety. Therefore, promoting anxiety-reducing strategies into maternal and toddler care and feeding behaviors guideline may be necessary. Funding SourcesNational Institute of Health (NIH), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪▪

Center-based care for infants and toddlers: The aeioTU randomized trial

Little is known about the effectiveness of center-based high quality educational programs for infants and toddlers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper reports effects from a randomized trial of a high-quality center-based early intervention on infants and toddlers in two communities in northern Colombia. Just eight months into the program results indicate large positive effects on language, cognitive development and overall development, with girls benefitting the most. No effects were found on nutritional outcomes, socio-emotional development or the home environment.

Exploring the Impacts of Staff-Child Ratio on Quality of Early Childhood Care and Education – A Comparative Case Study in Hong Kong

Exploring the Impacts of Staff-Child Ratio on Quality of Early Childhood Care and Education – A Comparative Case Study in Hong Kong Dr. Wai Ling CHAN Abstract This study was to examine the impacts of staff-child ratio on the quality of care and education for toddler-age children through controlling the variables of demographic features and structural characteristics of the compared classrooms. Two toddler classrooms in Hong Kong adopting different staff-child ratios were selected for the comprehensive quality assessments by using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised (ITERS-R) approach. The findings indicated a negative association between the staff-child ratio and the global quality of centre-based care and education for toddlers. The quality related to the “Interaction” and “Personal Care Routines” was found to be significantly related to the ratio, while the quality associated with the “Space and Furnishings” and “Program Structure” was less affected. The results of the study demonstrate the applicability of the ITERS-R in a new cultural and linguistic environment, and provide information on how staff-child ratio affects various aspects of the quality of care and education for toddlers. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jehd.v8n3a8

Do Stability of Care and Teacher–Child Interaction Quality Predict Child Outcomes in Early Head Start?

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This study examined whether children’s outcomes at age 3 were predicted by their experiences in Early Head Start (EHS), focusing on 2 key features of infant and toddler care: (a) stability of care and (b) teacher–child interactions. This study further explored potential interaction effects between stability of care and teacher–child interactions in predicting child outcomes. Three main results were found from secondary analyses of the recently released EHS longitudinal data set the EHS Family and Child Experiences Study (Vogel & Boller, 2009–2012). First, children who had stability of care (no teacher change) were rated as having fewer behavior problems and higher social competence. Second, children were rated as demonstrating better orientation/engagement and emotional regulation when they were in EHS classrooms observed to have higher emotional and behavioral support. Third, teacher–child interactions that are emotionally and behaviorally supportive may mitigate the potential drawbacks of experiencing instability of care on early social-emotional development. Study implications are discussed. Practice or Policy: Both stability and quality teacher–child interactions are important in center-based infant and toddler care, and ensuring quality teacher–child interactions is particularly important for children who experience teacher changes during their infant and toddler years.

Center-Based Care for Infants and Toddlers: The aeioTU Randomized Trial

Extensive research has shown comprehensive early intervention can improve the developmental outcomes of disadvantaged children. However, little is known about the effectiveness of center-based programs for infants and toddlers; relatively rare in the developing world and typically of low quality. This paper reports effects from a randomized trial of a center-based early care intervention on infants and toddlers in two communities in northern Colombia. Just eight months into the program results indicate large positive effects on language, cognitive development and overall development, with girls benefitting the most. No effects were observed for nutritional outcomes, socio-emotional development or the home environment.

Correlation Between Toddler Care and Nutrition Status

Nutritional Status is one of the indicators of children's health. During the five years (infancy) is an important period where the child needs nutritional adequacy to support his physical growth. Children are dependent on the mother role in parenting and childcare. This research aimed to find out the correlation of toddler care consists of feeding practices, psychosocial stimulation and health care with nutritional status. Observational research is analytic with a cross-sectional design. The research was carried out in the Porong subdistrict of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java on October 2017. The sample in this research are some of the mothers who have toddlers in the Porong subdistrict of Sidoarjo Regency totaled 72 people by using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using Fisher's Exact test with a confidence level of 95%. Results: most (86.1%) toddler have normal nutrition status, and 13.9% toddler has a status of malnutrition. Most of the feeding practices (86.1%) are appropriate, 13.9% are not appropriate. Psychosocial stimulation majority (83.3%) is good and 16.7% psychosocial stimulation is not good. Healthcare majority (91.7%) is good and 8.3% not good. As the result there is a relationship of feeding practices with toddler nutritional status (p = 0.03), there is psychosocial stimulation relationship with nutritional status toddler (p = 0.01), there is no health-care relationship with nutritional status toddler (p = 0,418).

NoraDoyleMaternal Bodies: Redefining Motherhood in Early AmericaUniversity of North Carolina Press, 2018. 286 p. $32.95 (pbk.).

Two of the three elements in the demographic balancing equation—fertility and mortality—are profoundly biological phenomena. But how biological phenomena are managed and interpreted is thoroughly social and cultural. This is a social history of the management and interpretation of childbearing in the US in the period from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, drawing on women's letters and diaries and a variety of print sources (medical texts, prescriptive literature, visual culture, and mass periodicals). From these the author extracts “perceptions and representations of corporeality” (p. 5). Setting the background, the author notes that this hundred years witnessed a decline in fertility (roughly two births) and the early stages of the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth. Even so, women still bore five children on average in the mid-nineteenth century, and therefore pregnancy, breastfeeding, and child-care demanded a large fraction of women's time and energy from their early 20s until their early 40s. The author stresses the sheer physicality of this demand, as reproductive responsibilities came on top of expectations to contribute labor to the domestic economy (although this was subsiding by the mid-nineteenth as employment shifted away from the home). The main theme of this volume is the emergence during this period of what the author terms “sentimental motherhood,” the notion that women are responsible for the shaping of children's minds and morals and the nurturance of children's souls, previously regarded as primarily the responsibility of the father and other senior men. This represented a downplaying of the bodily aspects of childbearing and childrearing and was undoubtedly influenced by streams of Enlightenment thought that emphasized mind-body dualism and, more specifically, the view that women are by nature more virtuous and kind than men. Chapters consider in turn pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and the care of infants and toddlers. Sexuality is largely ignored. Some attention is given to differences by class, with the sentimental mother a more dominant notion among the bourgeois and upper classes, and there is a chapter on motherhood among the enslaved African American population. Throughout, the author walks the tightrope of stressing the centrality of physical experience while avoiding crude biological essentialism. Bibliography; index.

Collaborative Forum: An Affective Space for Infant–toddler Educators’ Collective Reflections

A GROWING INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT to improve the quality of education and care for infants and toddlers is prevalent in the current research agenda. However, recent research on infant–toddler educat...

Using Practice-Based Coaching to Increase Use of Language Facilitation Strategies in Early Head Start and Community Partners

This article describes how practice-based coaching was used with Early Head Start infant and toddler teachers to support their use of evidence-based language facilitation strategies. Video-based self-reflection and focused feedback allowed teachers to recognize what they were already doing well and increased the fidelity of evidence-based practices. Observational data show changes that took place over the course of the 3 monthly coaching cycles and 6-month follow-up. Teachers increased their use of encouraging back-and-forth exchanges and parallel talk to varying extents. Goal setting was associated with infant–toddler teachers increasing their use of specific strategies. Coach use of nonjudgmental “I notice” statements contributed to a safe and supportive experience. In this pilot study, infant–toddler teachers benefitted from video-based self-reflection and coaching to transfer the use of language facilitation strategies. Focusing on teacher strengths and creating opportunities for skill development through goal setting, individualized support and performance-based feedback facilitated the use of language facilitation strategies in infant–toddler care settings.

Safe and secure: Suggestions for sharing care of babies and toddlers

ABSTRACTInfants and toddlers form critical attachments to both their mothers and fathers if the parent is caring and available to the child with regularity. Given that one secure attachment has been shown to promote healthy development in important ways and that it remains unknown at birth which parent will best generate that attachment, it is wise to provide each parent enough time with the child to foster attachment, including children whose parents do not live together. Although babies may be temporarily stressed by the early introduction of an unfamiliar parent, there is little likelihood of lasting harm if there is screening for violence and serious mental illness in parents who are of concern and if the unfamiliar parent is introduced with sensitivity.

Child Care, Parental Labor Supply and Tax Revenue

We study the impact of child care for toddlers on the labor supply of mothers and fathers in Norway. For identification, we exploit the staggered expansion across municipalities following a large reform from 2002. Our IV-estimates indicate that child care use causes an increase in the labor supply of mothers. Results suggest that cohabiting mothers move towards full time employment, while single mothers move to part time. Meanwhile, we find no impact for fathers or grandparents. We also find an increase in the taxes paid from cohabiting mothers, lending some support to the argument that parts of the cost of child care is offset by increased taxes.

Quality in Norwegian childcare for toddlers using ITERS-R

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore the quality of toddler childcare in Norway using the Infant Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ITERS-R; [Harms, Thelma, Debby Cryer, and Richard M. Clifford. 2006. Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scales Revised Edition. New York: Teachers College Press.]), drawing on a sample of 206 toddler groups. Possible associations between quality (as assessed using ITERS-R) and selected structural features in toddler classrooms were investigated. Those features are as follows: ownership, the presence of qualified teachers, the staff-to-child ratio and group organization. According to the results, Norwegian toddler care scored at the minimal level of quality. The presence of qualified teachers, high staff-to-child ratios and small and stable groups all seemed to have positively impacted quality. Detailed analyses revealed that Norwegian toddler classrooms did not fulfil the ITERS-R requirements for hygiene, safety and access to play materials. Because of the good reputation Norwegian childcare enjoys, these results were unexpected and suggest the need to enhance the quality of Norwegian toddler care.

Child Care Health Consultation Improves Infant and Toddler Care

IntroductionMany families enroll their infants and toddlers in early education and child care programs. The Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics recruited 32 child care centers that care for infants and toddlers to be linked with a child care health consultant (CCHC). MethodProject staff assigned the centers alternately to an immediate intervention or a 1-year delayed intervention (contrast) group. At entry into the project, and then 1 and 2 years later, an evaluator assessed center compliance with 13 standards for infants and toddler care selected from Caring for Our Children: National Health and Safety Performance Standards (3rd ed.). Project staff linked the Immediate Intervention centers with a CCHC in Year 1. In Year 2, in a crossover comparison, project staff linked Contrast centers with a CCHC. ResultsWorking with a CCHC effectively improved compliance with some selected health and safety standards.

Aplikasi Korelasi Kanonikal Pada Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Angka Kematian Ibu Dan Bayi Di Provinsi Jawa Timur

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between maternal and infant mortality by influenced factors and the factors most closely associated with maternal and infant mortality rates in the province of East Java in 2012. This research uses canonical correlation method that aims to determine the relationship between two variables and identify the dimensions between two groups of variables. The results showed that the variable factors that affect maternal mortality and infant mortality has a strong positive correlation to variable maternal mortality and infant mortality rate. Highest impact of the independent variables for maternal mortality is pregnancy, postpartum maternal, neonatal visits, visiting the baby and toddler care was the infant mortality rate is the delivery by the shaman, neonatal visits and infant visits.;Keywords : canonical correlation, maternal mortality rates, infant mortality rates.

All about…: Pikler

Nursery WorldVol. 2017, No. 5 EYFS Best PracticeAll about…: PiklerDorothy MarlenDorothy MarlenSearch for more papers by this authorDorothy MarlenPublished Online:10 Mar 2017https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2017.5.23AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractHow Emmi Pikler's approach to care-giving for the under-threes can be incorporated into modern best practice at settings and at home. By Dorothy MarlenMORE INFORMATION• Tardos A (2010) ‘Introducing the Piklerian developmental approach’, The Signal, No 3-4 Google Scholar• Falk J and Pikler E (1988) ‘Data on the social adjustment of children reared in our institution’, Magyar Pszichológai Szemle, 29, 488-500 Google Scholar• Lóczy: A Place to Grow (2009), DVD by Bernard Martino. Association Pikler Lóczy de France. Available from www.pikler.co.uk Google Scholar• Foss BM (ed) (1959) ‘Determinants of Infant Behaviour’, held at The CIBA Foundation, London Google Scholar• David M and Appell G (2001) Lóczy: An Unusual Approach to Mothering. Pikler-Lóczy Association for Young Children, Budapest Google Scholar• Tardos A and David M (1991) ‘De la valeur de l'activité libre du bébé dans l'élaboration du self’, Devenir, 4, 9-33 Google Scholar• Elfer P (2011) Key Persons in the Early Years. Routledge Google Scholar• Petrie SOwen S (eds) (2005) Authentic Relationships in Group Care for Infants and Toddlers. Jessica Kingsley Google Scholar• www.pikler.co.uk Google Scholar• www.thepiklercollection.weebly.com Google Scholar• www.pikler.hu/english-courses Google Scholar• www.emerson.org.uk/holistic-baby-and-child-care Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 6 March 2017Volume 2017Issue 5ISSN (print): 0029-6422ISSN (online): 2059-9358 Metrics History Published online 10 March 2017 Published in print 6 March 2017 Information© MA Education LimitedPDF download

Social-Emotional Development of Toddlers: Randomized Controlled Trial of an Office-Based Intervention

PurposeDuring the toddler years, temper tantrums and impulsive behaviors are the norm. These behaviors can frustrate even the most experienced mothers. Design and MethodsA prospective, double blind, randomized controlled trial using pre-test/post-test experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of an office-based educational program to improve maternal confidence and the social-emotional development of toddlers. The Toddler Care Questionnaire (TCQ) was administered to all mothers as a pre and post intervention test. The treatment intervention was a videotaped (DVD) parenting skills intervention on the social-emotional development of toddlers and on maternal confidence in caring for toddlers. ResultsSixty mothers and 60 toddlers entered the study with 29 mothertoddler dyads randomized to the treatment group and 31 to the control group. Twenty-six (26) mother-toddler dyads in the treatment and 25 mother-toddler dyads in the control group completed the study. Pairwise comparisons of adjusted means showed significant improvements for both toddler groups on the Brigance toddler screen, and no statistically significant difference in gains between the groups. The mixed model results for the TCQ showed an overall significant improvement from preto post-test, and a non-significant interaction between group and time indicting no significant difference in gains seen by treatment groups. ConclusionsBrief educational programs on DVD's are an efficient way to offer information to mothers while in the office waiting area. Practice Implications: Pediatric nurses who encounter mothers who struggle with caring for their toddlers may find brief-office based interventions a valuable tool for educating parents.

Longitudinal association between early atopic dermatitis and subsequent attention-deficit or autistic disorder: A population-based case-control study.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common allergic diseases in children. The presence of allergic diseases was found to have association with the risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, but it is still inconclusive. This study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between AD developed during toddlerhood and subsequent development of ADHD or ASD in later childhood. Toddlers born between 1998 and 2008 and diagnosed with AD at the age younger than 3 years and older than 1 month were retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Age- and gender-matched toddlers with no lifetime AD were enrolled as the control group. All enrolled toddlers were followed until 2011 to identify the development of ADHD or ASD. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the hazard ratios (HRs). The risks associated with allergic comorbidities were analyzed. A total of 18,473 toddlers were enrolled into the AD group. The presence of AD significantly increased the risk of developing ADHD (HR = 2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.48–3.45) or ASD (HR = 8.90, 95% CI = 4.98–15.92) when aged 3 years or older. Children from the AD group with 3 comorbidities together, namely, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma, had the greatest risk of developing ADHD and ASD (ADHD: HR = 4.67, 95% CI = 3.81–5.43; ASD: HR = 16.65, 95% CI = 8.63–30.60). In conclusion, toddlers who suffer from AD at the age younger than 3 years are at a higher risk of developing ADHD and ASD during later childhood. Pediatricians taking care of toddlers with AD should have knowledge of this increased risk of developing ADHD and ASD later in life, especially when children have certain comorbidities such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma.