Model Of Care For Children Research Articles

Evaluation of the nursing care model for children victimized of violence

The nursing care model represent important possibilities to develop the knowledge of nursing. However, there is no proposition that allow to verify the legitimacy of the care models. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the Nursing Care Model for Children Victimized of Violence. The model was elaborated from a study of qualitative approach, the Convergent Assistant type. The study consists of evaluative study utilizing the instrument for evaluation of nursing care models, and conducted by a panel of 18 specialists. The analysis includes analysis of objective responses and other texts prepared by experts as part of its assessment process. The result shows that the Nursing Care Model, still needs tweaking and adaptations.

Development of the mother–child relationship following pre‐eclampsia

The concept of primary maternal preoccupation defined by Winnicott constituted the theoretical framework. We assessed the establishment of the mother–child relationship in primiparous women who developed pre‐eclampsia in the final trimester of pregnancy. This qualitative study was based on semi‐structured interviews conducted with 15 women treated at a tertiary referral hospital for high‐risk pregnancy in Brazil, whose babies were 1–4 months old at the time of the interview. For analysis, themes were organised around the principal signs of primary maternal preoccupation and the relationship of the women with their mothers in accordance with the proposed theoretical framework, emerging themes relevant for the comprehension of the data collected concerning the significance of the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia in women's lives and the importance of the women's social support network. The results showed that all participants referred to signs of primary maternal preoccupation, the importance of the relationship with their own mother as constituting a model of childcare, the relevance of social support, and the difficulties encountered in fully understanding the medical implications of the diagnosis in their lives and in dealing with hospitalisation. In conclusion, despite feeling the effect of the disease on their lives, these women developed a good mother–child relationship.

A perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde sobre a promoção do brincar em hospitais

This study examines and analyzes the limits and possibilities of the promoting play in hospitals. This investigation can contribute to the collective health field, as discussions about the views of healthcare practitioners on promoting play in hospitals may well influence the development of new childcare models. This discussion is grounded on a qualitative approach to the dynamics of relationships and the role of play in a hospital setting. Drawn from interviews with 33 practitioners from three hospitals located in different parts of Brazil, the data analysis is based on linking up issues that emerge from their comments, together with theoretical references. In terms of findings, the acknowledgment of this type of intervention by the institution could facilitate or complicate these actions. The conclusions clearly indicate that assigning play promotion the status of a therapeutic tool within a healthcare environment may subvert the rules and hierarchies of the institution.

Childcare in poor urban settlements in Swaziland in an era of HIV/AIDS

This paper explores the role of the family in caring for orphans and other children in poor urban communities having some of the highest levels of HIV/AIDS prevalence in the world. A range of family forms in Swaziland was found to be caring for orphans. Child-headed households and lone-elderly carers were not the most common; maternal kin played a more important role in orphan care than did paternal kin, indicating both stresses due to AIDS and the dynamic nature of the family. Women of all ages were bearing the brunt of the extra care responsibilities caused by the epidemic. There was limited involvement in children's well-being by agencies of any kind and orphan care remained largely situated within kin structures. The AIDS epidemic was impacting on families in a variety of ways, with a corresponding increase in poverty and vulnerability. Carers did not perceive orphans as a separate category of children requiring assistance over and above any other vulnerable child. Families require assistance at the household, community and national level. Meanwhile, community-based initiatives were poorly developed. Welfare sector policies should strengthen the family model of childcare by increasing support to the poorest families rather than treating orphans as a separate category of vulnerable children and thereby excluding other needy children.

A discrete choice model for labor supply and childcare

A discrete choice model for labor supply and childcare for mothers of preschoolers is presented. The mothers are assumed to make choices from a finite set of job possibilities and from a finite set of childcare options. Options in the markets for childcare are characterized by opening hours, fees and quality attributes. Similarly, jobs are characterized by a fixed wage rate, working hours and a number of variables related to job satisfaction. In the estimation of the model, we take into account that the number of options available might vary across work/care combinations and that some mothers are rationed in the market for care at day care centers. The model is employed to simulate the female labor supply effects of the Norwegian home care allowance reform.

The challenge of caring for mildly ill children: a Canadian national childcare study

This Canadian study of the care of mildly ill children in licensed childcare facilities compares director and parent preferences for eight models of care, exclusionary practices for ill children by directors, and preferred backup care options of parents. It also investigates anticipated usage and willingness of parents to pay for emergency childcare. Participants include 328 directors and 742 parents from center and family childcare (FCC) homes, rural and urban locales, and five provinces. Parents and directors favor “joint family-employer” and “extended family” models and least prefer “infirmary” and “special licensed” childcare models. Directors favor more strongly than parents the options of parents or relatives caring for ill children and are less supportive than parents of facility-based models. Directors usually exclude children with diarrhea, fever and lethargy but accept children with a runny nose or cough. For backup care, parents prefer themselves or extended family. Most parents would use emergency childcare services but are unwilling to pay beyond the normal childcare rate. This investigation identifies key areas in the care of mildly ill children to be examined further through prospective studies.

Inclusive Environments? The Expansion of Out-of-School Child Care in the United Kingdom

In the UK, out-of-school care is becoming an increasingly significant environment for children, and is integral to the government's commitment to eradicate child poverty. In this paper we discuss the results of research undertaken across England for the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) which sought to highlight the potential impacts of the service on children and families. This research involved a questionnaire survey of parents, interviews with playworkers, and qualitative research with children aged 4–14 attending six case study clubs. While research indicates that good quality childcare can have a positive impact on the lives of parents and children in general, its greatest potential impact is on children and families at risk of social exclusion. However, out-of-school care in the UK is not a universal service, and provision reflects an economic model of childcare, with parents' ability to pay for provision determining access. This results in the commodification of much of the out-of-school care provided in the UK, which excludes those living in poverty or social exclusion from being able to afford to access these potentially beneficial children's environments. This paper therefore argues that due to a significant number of financial and non-financial barriers, out-of-school childcare is currently not as inclusive as it could or should be, and concludes by suggesting that more needs to be done to ensure that children living in deprivation and minority ethnic children are able to access services.

An Interdisciplinary, Environmentally-Based Model of Care for Children with HIV Infection and Their Caregivers

In this paper we describe a home-based, interdisciplinary, environmentally-based model of intervention with children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their caregivers. The environmental perspective is focused on the animate and inanimate environments of the child and caregiver as the major agent of change. Following a detailed assessment of the supports and constraints of environments, the stress level and coping strategies of the caregiver, and the skills and capacities of the child, an interdisciplinary team meeting is held to summarize the data and make suggestions for intervention. The interdisciplinary team then develops an intervention plan which is shaped and guided by interactions and feedback with the caregiver. Effectiveness of the intervention is measured by specific outcomes reflecting enhanced competence in the caregiver and child as well as cost effectiveness. We anticipate that a program based on this model will address the need for cost effective, culturally relevant services for the increasing population of children and families infected with and affected by HIV.

An Interdisciplinary, Environmentally-Based Model of Care for Children with HIV Infection and Their Caregivers

In this paper we describe a home-based, interdisciplinary, environmentally-based model of intervention with children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their caregivers. The environmental perspective is focused on the animate and inanimate environments of the child and caregiver as the major agent of change. Following a detailed assessment of the supports and constraints of environments, the stress level and coping strategies of the caregiver, and the skills and capacities of the child, an interdisciplinary team meeting is held to summarize the data and make suggestions for intervention. The interdisciplinary team then develops an intervention plan which is shaped and guided by interactions and feedback with the caregiver. Effectiveness of the intervention is measured by specific outcomes reflecting enhanced competence in the caregiver and child as well as cost effectiveness. We anticipate that a program based on this model will address the need for cost effective, culturally relevant services for the increasing population of children and families infected with and affected by HIV.

Some basic considerations in revamping instituional programs for the mentally retarded.

Psychological aspects of the traditional hospital model for residential care of the mentally retarded are explored and found to be wanting. Desirability of modifying administrative philosophy in the direction of a child-care model focusing on the needs of the individual is discussed. It is suggested that in-service training programs should focus on developing a cadre of child-care workers to replace the institution aide. Modification of the living units should be in the direction of breaking down large ward areas into smaller ones through the use of partitioning and construction of bays. The psychological advantages of these changes are presented.